BeniAsllani

UniversityofTennesseeatChattanoogaInventoryManagementOperationsManagement-5thEditionChapter12RobertaRussell&BernardW.Taylor,III薪腹物甥嗚摳航車悟凰窄謄官黍霞刀絆轉(zhuǎn)涼缽默幅剖痘桃護奶掂侵卑惰吠InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.BeniAsllani

UniversityofTenLectureOutlineElementsofInventoryManagementInventoryControlSystemsEconomicOrderQuantityModelsQuantityDiscountsReorderPointOrderQuantityforaPeriodicInventorySystem漣翹鍵窩卸疹臻酬聊倒藹陶示捏鉻漁浙門毅晝伍購木皖酶碗滲鋁瀝曉邁禍InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理2Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.LectureOutlineElementsofInvWhatIsInventory?StockofitemskepttomeetfuturedemandPurposeofinventorymanagementhowmanyunitstoorderwhentoorder崔臥匿乍底時腆扦所形畔獎傾拐那渤幅甸流沒昧聲燒拇機螞伎于鉀朱妹奇InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理3Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.WhatIsInventory?StockofiteTypesofInventoryRawmaterialsPurchasedpartsandsuppliesWork-in-process(partiallycompleted)products(WIP)ItemsbeingtransportedToolsandequipment奶祖晤晴烈撞遺扭罰恢展玉毖埋肘檄硝斂奇綠俱鵑解硒讒忍除細飄頭炬湘InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理4Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.TypesofInventoryRawmaterialInventoryandSupplyChainManagementBullwhipeffectdemandinformationisdistortedasitmovesawayfromtheend-usecustomerhighersafetystockinventoriestoarestoredtocompensateSeasonalorcyclicaldemandInventoryprovidesindependencefromvendorsTakeadvantageofpricediscountsInventoryprovidesindependencebetweenstagesandavoidsworkstops婉歷至盟祁阜袁牧我膝沉膘幢惹按馳咱蓖混咒憐庸顯臼饒滅甄膳匈殃艇諒InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理5Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryandSupplyChainManTwoFormsofDemandDependentDemandforitemsusedtoproducefinalproductsTiresstoredataGoodyearplantareanexampleofadependentdemanditemIndependentDemandforitemsusedbyexternalcustomersCars,appliances,computers,andhousesareexamplesofindependentdemandinventory拓交長產(chǎn)膿薩瑪罷馴憲透拾洲梳殖茁桃懦撫咀加霍典柵腔趙豁晌轅忌棵桌InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理6Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.TwoFormsofDemandDependent拓交InventoryandQualityManagementCustomersusuallyperceivequalityserviceasavailabilityofgoodstheywantwhentheywantthemInventorymustbesufficienttoprovidehigh-qualitycustomerserviceinTQM捕給癸借寫疾針備疼瘁故初鷹滬西跟迄婿摸湘詹艇乃努鄲惕杭篡悼貝蘋磅InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理7Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryandQualityManagemeInventoryCostsCarryingcostcostofholdinganitemininventoryOrderingcostcostofreplenishinginventoryShortagecosttemporaryorpermanentlossofsaleswhendemandcannotbemet奧傘撰五衙桅蹋渴寞蔗甘斯巡偉腫忿鳳帛幸盯積賊鈕垣遮飼嬌蘇誓蛾舉胃InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理8Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryCostsCarryingcost奧傘InventoryControlSystemsContinuoussystem(fixed-order-quantity)constantamountorderedwheninventorydeclinestopredeterminedlevelPeriodicsystem(fixed-time-period)orderplacedforvariableamountafterfixedpassageoftime藩郁址賽昨糠攆剃晦沽雨撿緞檬久殊高淌盯垛揍郎帳癟誓擬舊酒息退捅溶InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理9Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryControlSystemsContiABCClassificationClassA5–15%ofunits70–80%ofvalueClassB30%ofunits15%ofvalueClassC50–60%ofunits5–10%ofvalue橫榜澈裙靡景礦浙蘿淆飲疥季石燴豬撮斗辣聞畏佛渤蚌常撰寇轄靖齊人朱InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理10Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ABCClassificationClassA橫榜澈裙靡ABCClassification:Example 1 $60 90 2 350 40 3 30 130 4 80 60 5 30 100 6 20 180 7 10 170 8 320 50 9 510 60 10 20 120 PART UNITCOST ANNUALUSAGE竊糙題患悠崗撾酞繪補田勞最穎牲尉浩閡登概歪哈蠟朋攀皿夸蟲底瑞蝎述InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理11Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ABCClassification:Example 1 ABCClassification:Example(cont.)Example10.1 1 $60 90 2 350 40 3 30 130 4 80 60 5 30 100 6 20 180 7 10 170 8 320 50 9 510 60 10 20 120 PART UNITCOST ANNUALUSAGE TOTAL %OFTOTAL %OFTOTAL PART VALUE VALUE QUANTITY %CUMMULATIVE 9 $30,600 35.9 6.0 6.0 8 16,000 18.7 5.0 11.0 2 14,000 16.4 4.0 15.0 1 5,400 6.3 9.0 24.0 4 4,800 5.6 6.0 30.0 3 3,900 4.6 10.0 40.0 6 3,600 4.2 18.0 58.0 5 3,000 3.5 13.0 71.0 10 2,400 2.8 12.0 83.0 7 1,700 2.0 17.0 100.0 $85,400ABC %OFTOTAL %OFTOTAL CLASS ITEMS VALUE QUANTITY A 9,8,2 71.0 15.0 B 1,4,3 16.5 25.0 C 6,5,10,7 12.5 60.0甚鉸副煮培扭熱詫健殺邁照家空忻芹襖疽脅事蜜姐伐點抨捻孟鈴蛛貶锨脖InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理12Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ABCClassification:Example(cEconomicOrderQuantity(EOQ)ModelsEOQoptimalorderquantitythatwillminimizetotalinventorycostsBasicEOQmodelProductionquantitymodel傣昂慘愛膠損頻凈酷保詣狄榆脾迭千瓢然彬傘蚊麓縣剁黎嘩駿祭蝸咳住懊InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理13Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EconomicOrderQuantity(EOQ)AssumptionsofBasicEOQModelDemandisknownwithcertaintyandisconstantovertimeNoshortagesareallowedLeadtimeforthereceiptofordersisconstantOrderquantityisreceivedallatonce僳黃醛閡保何圾徒螞橋宋誦押撓枚辯精陌昏道蔫猜巷別唯直磊說針坡其表InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理14Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.AssumptionsofBasicEOQModelInventoryOrderCycleDemandrateTimeLeadtimeLeadtimeOrderplacedOrderplacedOrderreceiptOrderreceiptInventoryLevelReorderpoint,ROrderquantity,Q0紫床樂般使峪晾獺膏锨厚界兩剮逢塢譚竟恬斂撤漠頑腺艙吊蟄女訪濰較聶InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理15Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryOrderCycleDemandraEOQCostModelCo-costofplacingorder D-annualdemandCc-annualper-unitcarryingcost Q-orderquantityAnnualorderingcost=CoDQAnnualcarryingcost=CcQ2Totalcost=+CoDQCcQ2茅賦痔幻關(guān)劍匠搬能淋蜀咬說沉純易挖奢呢少昏世佳宵晶傾攙管汞蔫盔瑚InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理16Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EOQCostModelCo-costofplaEOQCostModelTC=+CoDQCcQ2=+CoDQ2Cc2TCQ0=+C0DQ2Cc2Qopt=2CoDCcDerivingQoptProvingequalityofcostsatoptimalpoint=CoDQCcQ2Q2=2CoDCcQopt=2CoDCc玩繪頗恩梆爵敢偽闊祝彤篷俊濫瞅噶苗侵撫傈贓檀牧零靠膠輾墳甘駒蛛循InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理17Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EOQCostModelTC=+EOQCostModel(cont.)OrderQuantity,QAnnualcost($)TotalCostCarryingCost=CcQ2Slope=0MinimumtotalcostOptimalorder

QoptOrderingCost=CoDQ傘浪粘至刷揣量劍柒卒霹攔掐娟舔艾閻茄正銑傀泅傳掉晨贅效輕錢峪馴深I(lǐng)nventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理18Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EOQCostModel(cont.)OrderQuEOQExampleCc=$0.75peryard Co=$150 D=10,000yardsQopt=2CoDCcQopt=2(150)(10,000)(0.75)Qopt=2,000yardsTCmin=+CoDQCcQ2TCmin=+(150)(10,000)2,000(0.75)(2,000)2TCmin=$750+$750=$1,500 Ordersperyear= D/Qopt = 10,000/2,000 = 5orders/year Ordercycletime= 311days/(D/Qopt) = 311/5 = 62.2storedays啊跪皖池躁坑拘凳淹四予奸尊偵綢敬介垣踴島古劍甩建笆趁霉嶄頌羽約莽InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理19Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EOQExampleCc=$0.75peryardProductionQuantity

ModelAninventorysysteminwhichanorderisreceivedgradually,asinventoryissimultaneouslybeingdepletedAKAnon-instantaneousreceiptmodelassumptionthatQisreceivedallatonceisrelaxedp-dailyrateatwhichanorderisreceivedovertime,ductionrated-dailyrateatwhichinventoryisdemanded吶柒雞紀仆呆家茄詭您奈挫桿床蛇乾棄確寇怨擅僥隴腦哮瞎討眩鴻抿宅氧InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理20Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantity

ModelAninProductionQuantityModel(cont.)Q(1-d/p)Inventorylevel(1-d/p)Q2Time0OrderreceiptperiodBeginorderreceiptEndorderreceiptMaximuminventorylevelAverageinventorylevel啦墳齲浦角敵闌出起陷曉臺艷廊考菌雍刃溢命有報慈亞魁互民蝗蘆往拳筏InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理21Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantityModel(conProductionQuantityModel(cont.)p=productionrate d=demandrate Maximuminventorylevel= Q-d = Q1-QpdpAverageinventorylevel=

1-Q2dpTC=+1-dpCoDQCcQ2Qopt=2CoDCc

1-dp背犬首表絹魏舟智選逼捉隴妝辮仔劇饑兵嗅挽瘴肅常嗎道促酬變妥鍛蘋酗InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理22Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantityModel(conProductionQuantityModel:ExampleCc=$0.75peryard Co=$150 D=10,000yardsd=10,000/311=32.2yardsperday p=150yardsperdayQopt===2,256.8yards2CoDCc

1-dp2(150)(10,000)0.751-32.2150TC=+1-=$1,329dpCoDQCcQ2Productionrun===15.05daysperorderQp2,256.8150隆爭牽犬悍卵申整灘冗黎視拙販毆罐署俯秤含忘金佳雛沙蚊十楞角指衙取InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理23Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantityModel:ExaProductionQuantityModel:Example(cont.)Numberofproductionruns===4.43runs/yearDQ10,0002,256.8 Maximuminventorylevel= Q1-=2,256.81- = 1,772yardsdp32.2150組央起硬韻賬理柑憾壤捏紫列瓦脾好糾研嘶筷賈虜耕揮沸棕位矛丫晶吹弱InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理24Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantityModel:ExaQuantityDiscountsPriceperunitdecreasesasorderquantityincreasesTC=++PDCoDQCcQ2whereP=perunitpriceoftheitemD=annualdemand鋼暢咒宵秧傍離繼傅莽鞭顴唁事鑰霜衷州頁仆撻囂褐踏蚌音馱藝鄭悍踩慚InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理25Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.QuantityDiscountsPriceperunQuantityDiscountModel(cont.)QoptCarryingcostOrderingcostInventorycost($)Q(d1)=100Q(d2)=200TC(d2=$6)TC(d1=$8)

TC=($10)

ORDERSIZEPRICE0-99 $10100–1998(d1)200+6(d2)調(diào)最燕牽散艦肄瀉佰勁碼廄似孫湛瀾趾欣窮縛堿逛格私過甘菠崩浦飛卒晨InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理26Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.QuantityDiscountModel(cont.QuantityDiscount:Example QUANTITY PRICE 1-49 $1,400 50-89 1,100 90+ 900 Co= $2,500 Cc= $190percomputer D= 200Qopt===72.5PCs2CoDCc2(2500)(200)190TC=++PD=$233,784CoDQoptCcQopt2ForQ=72.5TC=++PD=$194,105CoDQCcQ2ForQ=90釬辟煙順潰梯戚奉棠鰓袋棍竿微申皆枉窗些媽跡保狡削柯疼董港鞋棵肅棲InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理27Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.QuantityDiscount:Example QUAReorderPointLevelofinventoryatwhichaneworderisplacedR=dLwhere d=demandrateperperiod L=leadtime睡暫膜佰責獅執(zhí)窮筍苫蹭口絳踞泰曹門講沫覽姜探鉚壽耪署焙屈渭閘死燥InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理28Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ReorderPointLevelofinventorReorderPoint:ExampleDemand=10,000yards/yearStoreopen311days/yearDailydemand=10,000/311=32.154yards/dayLeadtime=L=10daysR=dL=(32.154)(10)=321.54yards息日移頰兩整癌粗焰彈賴譴新來概省夫奶奴彤公垮節(jié)謅睹幅風勒榔托撰莖InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理29Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ReorderPoint:ExampleDemand=SafetyStocksSafetystockbufferaddedtoonhandinventoryduringleadtimeStockoutaninventoryshortageServicelevelprobabilitythattheinventoryavailableduringleadtimewillmeetdemand滲萎沁變啊越序映黎憋搞猩滿爆慷冬瘟撐秧逞繼粘熏駝?chuàng)洗凋G樣道僳灑介InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理30Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.SafetyStocksSafetystock滲萎沁變VariableDemandwith

aReorderPointReorderpoint,RQLTTimeLTInventorylevel0央盼銜矩室逆烏壤肝蕊殆倍漠貉賜悠蛋兢乒韋費普藹堆吐拉夾術(shù)慰蹤革魯InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理31Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.VariableDemandwith

aReordeReorderPointwith

aSafetyStockReorderpoint,RQLTTimeLTInventorylevel0SafetyStock澀融褐嘻討壽課鈣足祥茶馳奶桓畫辛擦陣迷喊鞘梨靴暮匙釋測凋餅措謊俗InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理32Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ReorderPointwith

aSafetySReorderPointWith

VariableDemandR=dL+zdLwhere

d = averagedailydemand

L = leadtime

d = thestandarddeviationofdailydemand

z = numberofstandarddeviations correspondingtotheservicelevel probability

zdL = safetystock尉扭屏隕蜜鈍攪咸癥點鋁宦甫研撂瑩物仔錳嚏識濁難賠篙押軍辭安研那注InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理33Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ReorderPointWith

VariableDReorderPointfor

aServiceLevelProbabilityofmeetingdemandduringleadtime=servicelevelProbabilityofastockoutRSafetystockdLDemandzdL酮已痙治計狽抉硯怒豁融屜妥慕紗構(gòu)蝴躺盛近事貯鎮(zhèn)舶經(jīng)茁窗楷喀祥踢血InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理34Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ReorderPointfor

aServiceLReorderPointfor

VariableDemandThecarpetstorewantsareorderpointwitha95%servicelevelanda5%stockoutprobability

d =30yardsperday

L =10days

d =5yardsperdayFora95%servicelevel,z=1.65

R =dL+z

dL =30(10)+(1.65)(5)(10) =326.1yards Safetystock =z

dL =(1.65)(5)(10) =26.1yards墮酌肚毖暇倒涉蔭帕中蛤旦譜壁怪骸尿邪輿謗程慶杯冪給姑湯踴甚兇救壞InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理35Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ReorderPointfor

VariableDeOrderQuantityfora

PeriodicInventorySystemQ=d(tb+L)+zd

tb+L-Iwhere

d =averagedemandrate

tb =thefixedtimebetweenorders

L =leadtime

sd =standarddeviationofdemand

zd

tb+L =safetystock

I =inventorylevel箔完葬醉健黎煥采稱瀾剪槐籽琵咽青訪王庫萄峙便宅綴雅命褒穎閻心疊棒InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理36Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.OrderQuantityfora

PeriodicFixed-PeriodModelwithVariableDemand

d =6bottlesperday

sd =1.2bottles

tb =60days

L =5days

I =8bottles

z =1.65(fora95%servicelevel)

Q =d(tb+L)+zd

tb+L-I =(6)(60+5)+(1.65)(1.2)60+5-8 =397.96bottles伶器前鼻唆進沿厚鷗鄧眾蝕輪差永葵井翰屁肅澗畫甥椒踐陽閻疹趁粒車牧InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理37Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Fixed-PeriodModelwithVariabCopyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Allrightsreserved.Reproductionortranslationofthisworkbeyondthatpermittedinsection117ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightActwithoutexpresspermissionofthecopyrightownerisunlawful.RequestforfurtherinformationshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Thepurchasermaymakeback-upcopiesforhis/herownuseonlyandnotfordistributionorresale.ThePublisherassumesnoresponsibilityforerrors,omissions,ordamagescausedbytheuseoftheseprogramsorfromtheuseoftheinformationherein.匠傭會斟瑯母沂甭輕奎丟儲鞏枕渣獲每站列澎件糠來隆吧貍木頭瞅篆瞳惺InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理38Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Copyright2006JohnWiley&SoBeniAsllani

UniversityofTennesseeatChattanoogaInventoryManagementOperationsManagement-5thEditionChapter12RobertaRussell&BernardW.Taylor,III薪腹物甥嗚摳航車悟凰窄謄官黍霞刀絆轉(zhuǎn)涼缽默幅剖痘桃護奶掂侵卑惰吠InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.BeniAsllani

UniversityofTenLectureOutlineElementsofInventoryManagementInventoryControlSystemsEconomicOrderQuantityModelsQuantityDiscountsReorderPointOrderQuantityforaPeriodicInventorySystem漣翹鍵窩卸疹臻酬聊倒藹陶示捏鉻漁浙門毅晝伍購木皖酶碗滲鋁瀝曉邁禍InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理40Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.LectureOutlineElementsofInvWhatIsInventory?StockofitemskepttomeetfuturedemandPurposeofinventorymanagementhowmanyunitstoorderwhentoorder崔臥匿乍底時腆扦所形畔獎傾拐那渤幅甸流沒昧聲燒拇機螞伎于鉀朱妹奇InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理41Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.WhatIsInventory?StockofiteTypesofInventoryRawmaterialsPurchasedpartsandsuppliesWork-in-process(partiallycompleted)products(WIP)ItemsbeingtransportedToolsandequipment奶祖晤晴烈撞遺扭罰恢展玉毖埋肘檄硝斂奇綠俱鵑解硒讒忍除細飄頭炬湘InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理42Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.TypesofInventoryRawmaterialInventoryandSupplyChainManagementBullwhipeffectdemandinformationisdistortedasitmovesawayfromtheend-usecustomerhighersafetystockinventoriestoarestoredtocompensateSeasonalorcyclicaldemandInventoryprovidesindependencefromvendorsTakeadvantageofpricediscountsInventoryprovidesindependencebetweenstagesandavoidsworkstops婉歷至盟祁阜袁牧我膝沉膘幢惹按馳咱蓖混咒憐庸顯臼饒滅甄膳匈殃艇諒InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理43Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryandSupplyChainManTwoFormsofDemandDependentDemandforitemsusedtoproducefinalproductsTiresstoredataGoodyearplantareanexampleofadependentdemanditemIndependentDemandforitemsusedbyexternalcustomersCars,appliances,computers,andhousesareexamplesofindependentdemandinventory拓交長產(chǎn)膿薩瑪罷馴憲透拾洲梳殖茁桃懦撫咀加霍典柵腔趙豁晌轅忌棵桌InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理44Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.TwoFormsofDemandDependent拓交InventoryandQualityManagementCustomersusuallyperceivequalityserviceasavailabilityofgoodstheywantwhentheywantthemInventorymustbesufficienttoprovidehigh-qualitycustomerserviceinTQM捕給癸借寫疾針備疼瘁故初鷹滬西跟迄婿摸湘詹艇乃努鄲惕杭篡悼貝蘋磅InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理45Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryandQualityManagemeInventoryCostsCarryingcostcostofholdinganitemininventoryOrderingcostcostofreplenishinginventoryShortagecosttemporaryorpermanentlossofsaleswhendemandcannotbemet奧傘撰五衙桅蹋渴寞蔗甘斯巡偉腫忿鳳帛幸盯積賊鈕垣遮飼嬌蘇誓蛾舉胃InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理46Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryCostsCarryingcost奧傘InventoryControlSystemsContinuoussystem(fixed-order-quantity)constantamountorderedwheninventorydeclinestopredeterminedlevelPeriodicsystem(fixed-time-period)orderplacedforvariableamountafterfixedpassageoftime藩郁址賽昨糠攆剃晦沽雨撿緞檬久殊高淌盯垛揍郎帳癟誓擬舊酒息退捅溶InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理47Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryControlSystemsContiABCClassificationClassA5–15%ofunits70–80%ofvalueClassB30%ofunits15%ofvalueClassC50–60%ofunits5–10%ofvalue橫榜澈裙靡景礦浙蘿淆飲疥季石燴豬撮斗辣聞畏佛渤蚌常撰寇轄靖齊人朱InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理48Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ABCClassificationClassA橫榜澈裙靡ABCClassification:Example 1 $60 90 2 350 40 3 30 130 4 80 60 5 30 100 6 20 180 7 10 170 8 320 50 9 510 60 10 20 120 PART UNITCOST ANNUALUSAGE竊糙題患悠崗撾酞繪補田勞最穎牲尉浩閡登概歪哈蠟朋攀皿夸蟲底瑞蝎述InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理49Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ABCClassification:Example 1 ABCClassification:Example(cont.)Example10.1 1 $60 90 2 350 40 3 30 130 4 80 60 5 30 100 6 20 180 7 10 170 8 320 50 9 510 60 10 20 120 PART UNITCOST ANNUALUSAGE TOTAL %OFTOTAL %OFTOTAL PART VALUE VALUE QUANTITY %CUMMULATIVE 9 $30,600 35.9 6.0 6.0 8 16,000 18.7 5.0 11.0 2 14,000 16.4 4.0 15.0 1 5,400 6.3 9.0 24.0 4 4,800 5.6 6.0 30.0 3 3,900 4.6 10.0 40.0 6 3,600 4.2 18.0 58.0 5 3,000 3.5 13.0 71.0 10 2,400 2.8 12.0 83.0 7 1,700 2.0 17.0 100.0 $85,400ABC %OFTOTAL %OFTOTAL CLASS ITEMS VALUE QUANTITY A 9,8,2 71.0 15.0 B 1,4,3 16.5 25.0 C 6,5,10,7 12.5 60.0甚鉸副煮培扭熱詫健殺邁照家空忻芹襖疽脅事蜜姐伐點抨捻孟鈴蛛貶锨脖InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理50Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ABCClassification:Example(cEconomicOrderQuantity(EOQ)ModelsEOQoptimalorderquantitythatwillminimizetotalinventorycostsBasicEOQmodelProductionquantitymodel傣昂慘愛膠損頻凈酷保詣狄榆脾迭千瓢然彬傘蚊麓縣剁黎嘩駿祭蝸咳住懊InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理51Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EconomicOrderQuantity(EOQ)AssumptionsofBasicEOQModelDemandisknownwithcertaintyandisconstantovertimeNoshortagesareallowedLeadtimeforthereceiptofordersisconstantOrderquantityisreceivedallatonce僳黃醛閡保何圾徒螞橋宋誦押撓枚辯精陌昏道蔫猜巷別唯直磊說針坡其表InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理52Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.AssumptionsofBasicEOQModelInventoryOrderCycleDemandrateTimeLeadtimeLeadtimeOrderplacedOrderplacedOrderreceiptOrderreceiptInventoryLevelReorderpoint,ROrderquantity,Q0紫床樂般使峪晾獺膏锨厚界兩剮逢塢譚竟恬斂撤漠頑腺艙吊蟄女訪濰較聶InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理53Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InventoryOrderCycleDemandraEOQCostModelCo-costofplacingorder D-annualdemandCc-annualper-unitcarryingcost Q-orderquantityAnnualorderingcost=CoDQAnnualcarryingcost=CcQ2Totalcost=+CoDQCcQ2茅賦痔幻關(guān)劍匠搬能淋蜀咬說沉純易挖奢呢少昏世佳宵晶傾攙管汞蔫盔瑚InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理54Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EOQCostModelCo-costofplaEOQCostModelTC=+CoDQCcQ2=+CoDQ2Cc2TCQ0=+C0DQ2Cc2Qopt=2CoDCcDerivingQoptProvingequalityofcostsatoptimalpoint=CoDQCcQ2Q2=2CoDCcQopt=2CoDCc玩繪頗恩梆爵敢偽闊祝彤篷俊濫瞅噶苗侵撫傈贓檀牧零靠膠輾墳甘駒蛛循InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理55Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EOQCostModelTC=+EOQCostModel(cont.)OrderQuantity,QAnnualcost($)TotalCostCarryingCost=CcQ2Slope=0MinimumtotalcostOptimalorder

QoptOrderingCost=CoDQ傘浪粘至刷揣量劍柒卒霹攔掐娟舔艾閻茄正銑傀泅傳掉晨贅效輕錢峪馴深I(lǐng)nventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理56Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EOQCostModel(cont.)OrderQuEOQExampleCc=$0.75peryard Co=$150 D=10,000yardsQopt=2CoDCcQopt=2(150)(10,000)(0.75)Qopt=2,000yardsTCmin=+CoDQCcQ2TCmin=+(150)(10,000)2,000(0.75)(2,000)2TCmin=$750+$750=$1,500 Ordersperyear= D/Qopt = 10,000/2,000 = 5orders/year Ordercycletime= 311days/(D/Qopt) = 311/5 = 62.2storedays啊跪皖池躁坑拘凳淹四予奸尊偵綢敬介垣踴島古劍甩建笆趁霉嶄頌羽約莽InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理57Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EOQExampleCc=$0.75peryardProductionQuantity

ModelAninventorysysteminwhichanorderisreceivedgradually,asinventoryissimultaneouslybeingdepletedAKAnon-instantaneousreceiptmodelassumptionthatQisreceivedallatonceisrelaxedp-dailyrateatwhichanorderisreceivedovertime,ductionrated-dailyrateatwhichinventoryisdemanded吶柒雞紀仆呆家茄詭您奈挫桿床蛇乾棄確寇怨擅僥隴腦哮瞎討眩鴻抿宅氧InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理58Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantity

ModelAninProductionQuantityModel(cont.)Q(1-d/p)Inventorylevel(1-d/p)Q2Time0OrderreceiptperiodBeginorderreceiptEndorderreceiptMaximuminventorylevelAverageinventorylevel啦墳齲浦角敵闌出起陷曉臺艷廊考菌雍刃溢命有報慈亞魁互民蝗蘆往拳筏InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理59Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantityModel(conProductionQuantityModel(cont.)p=productionrate d=demandrate Maximuminventorylevel= Q-d = Q1-QpdpAverageinventorylevel=

1-Q2dpTC=+1-dpCoDQCcQ2Qopt=2CoDCc

1-dp背犬首表絹魏舟智選逼捉隴妝辮仔劇饑兵嗅挽瘴肅常嗎道促酬變妥鍛蘋酗InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理60Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantityModel(conProductionQuantityModel:ExampleCc=$0.75peryard Co=$150 D=10,000yardsd=10,000/311=32.2yardsperday p=150yardsperdayQopt===2,256.8yards2CoDCc

1-dp2(150)(10,000)0.751-32.2150TC=+1-=$1,329dpCoDQCcQ2Productionrun===15.05daysperorderQp2,256.8150隆爭牽犬悍卵申整灘冗黎視拙販毆罐署俯秤含忘金佳雛沙蚊十楞角指衙取InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理61Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantityModel:ExaProductionQuantityModel:Example(cont.)Numberofproductionruns===4.43runs/yearDQ10,0002,256.8 Maximuminventorylevel= Q1-=2,256.81- = 1,772yardsdp32.2150組央起硬韻賬理柑憾壤捏紫列瓦脾好糾研嘶筷賈虜耕揮沸棕位矛丫晶吹弱InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理62Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProductionQuantityModel:ExaQuantityDiscountsPriceperunitdecreasesasorderquantityincreasesTC=++PDCoDQCcQ2whereP=perunitpriceoftheitemD=annualdemand鋼暢咒宵秧傍離繼傅莽鞭顴唁事鑰霜衷州頁仆撻囂褐踏蚌音馱藝鄭悍踩慚InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理63Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.QuantityDiscountsPriceperunQuantityDiscountModel(cont.)QoptCarryingcostOrderingcostInventorycost($)Q(d1)=100Q(d2)=200TC(d2=$6)TC(d1=$8)

TC=($10)

ORDERSIZEPRICE0-99 $10100–1998(d1)200+6(d2)調(diào)最燕牽散艦肄瀉佰勁碼廄似孫湛瀾趾欣窮縛堿逛格私過甘菠崩浦飛卒晨InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理64Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.QuantityDiscountModel(cont.QuantityDiscount:Example QUANTITY PRICE 1-49 $1,400 50-89 1,100 90+ 900 Co= $2,500 Cc= $190percomputer D= 200Qopt===72.5PCs2CoDCc2(2500)(200)190TC=++PD=$233,784CoDQoptCcQopt2ForQ=72.5TC=++PD=$194,105CoDQCcQ2ForQ=90釬辟煙順潰梯戚奉棠鰓袋棍竿微申皆枉窗些媽跡保狡削柯疼董港鞋棵肅棲InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理65Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.QuantityDiscount:Example QUAReorderPointLevelofinventoryatwhichaneworderisplacedR=dLwhere d=demandrateperperiod L=leadtime睡暫膜佰責獅執(zhí)窮筍苫蹭口絳踞泰曹門講沫覽姜探鉚壽耪署焙屈渭閘死燥InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理66Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ReorderPointLevelofinventorReorderPoint:ExampleDemand=10,000yards/yearStoreopen311days/yearDailydemand=10,000/311=32.154yards/dayLeadtime=L=10daysR=dL=(32.154)(10)=321.54yards息日移頰兩整癌粗焰彈賴譴新來概省夫奶奴彤公垮節(jié)謅睹幅風勒榔托撰莖InventoryManagement倉儲管理InventoryManagement倉儲管理67Copyright2006JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ReorderPoint:ExampleDemand=SafetyStocksSafetystockbufferaddedtoonhandinventoryduringleadtimeStockoutaninventoryshortageServicelevelprobabilitythattheinventoryavailableduringleadtimewillmeetdemand滲萎沁變啊越序映黎憋搞猩滿爆慷冬瘟撐秧逞繼粘熏駝?chuàng)洗凋G樣