1、名詞性從句 主語從句Revision3. 什么叫名詞性從句？什么叫名詞性從句？ 2.名詞在句子當中一般可以作什么成分名詞在句子當中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。Chose the best answer: We dont know _ they did it. A. how B. who C. what D. which2. This is _ I want to tell you. A. where B. what C. how D. which解題步驟：解題步驟： 判斷從句類型。判斷從句類型。先找出主句謂語，位于實義

2、動詞后的是先找出主句謂語，位于實義動詞后的是_，位于系動詞后的是，位于系動詞后的是_，位于謂語動，位于謂語動詞前的是詞前的是_。 分析從句的成分。分析從句的成分。若不缺少任何成分，則選若不缺少任何成分，則選_ 或或 _;若缺少若缺少_語，則選用關系代詞語，則選用關系代詞what whowhomwhichwhosewhateverwhoever whichever;若作若作_語，則選關系副詞語，則選關系副詞when where why who.關系詞的確定還需根據意思來定關系詞的確定還需根據意思來定。賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句主語從句主語從句thatwhether主、賓、表、定主、賓、表、

3、定狀狀Subject Clauses主語從句主語從句各種各樣的主語各種各樣的主語1）A tree has fallen across the road.2）You are a student.3）To live is to learn, to learn is to better live .4） Smoking is bad for you.5) It is certain whether we will succeed.6）That she is able to come makes us happy.名詞名詞代詞代詞不定式不定式動名詞動名詞形式主語形式主語主語從句主語從句一、一、 定義定

4、義 在主從復合句中，充當在主從復合句中，充當主語主語的從句叫主語從句。的從句叫主語從句。e.g. What he did in the earthquake moved everybody. 主語從句主語從句謂語謂語賓語賓語That China will become more powerful is certain.主語從句主語從句謂語謂語表語表語二、引導主語從句三大連接詞：二、引導主語從句三大連接詞： 1、 從屬連詞：從屬連詞：that , whether that 無詞義無詞義,在從句中不作成分，在從句中不作成分， 但不能省略但不能省略 whether 意為意為“是否是否”，在從句中不作

5、成分，在從句中不作成分， 可放在句首或句末，但不可省略可放在句首或句末，但不可省略 e.g. she got the first prize made her parents very happy. she will come or not is still a question.無義無義 是否是否 ThatWhether 練一練練一練 1、_ we go there by train or by air is not clear. 2、_ she left him made him very sad.WhetherThat2、連接代詞：、連接代詞： 連接代詞連接代詞 中文意思中文意思在從句中

6、的成分在從句中的成分 who / whom _ whoever _ what _ whatever _ which _ whichever _ whose _ 不可省略不可省略 誰誰不論誰不論誰什么什么什么事什么事無論什么無論什么哪一個哪一個無論哪一個無論哪一個誰的誰的 主語主語 賓語賓語 表語表語定語定語 e.g. Whatever you do should do no harm to others. 無論你做什么都不應該傷害別人。無論你做什么都不應該傷害別人。 Who will take his place is not important. 誰將代替他并不重要。誰將代替他并不重要。 練

7、一練練一練 1、_ will host the meeting hasnt been decided.2、_car runs faster should be tested.3、_ comes to our school is welcome.4、_ side will win is not clear. Who Whose WhoeverWhich3、連接副詞：、連接副詞： 連接副詞連接副詞 中文意思中文意思在從句中的成分在從句中的成分 when where why how 不可省略不可省略 什么時候什么時候在哪里在哪里為什么為什么怎么樣，如何怎么樣，如何時間狀語時間狀語地點狀語地點狀語原因

8、狀語原因狀語方式狀語方式狀語 練一練練一練 1、_ he didnt come yesterday is unknown.2、_we will set up the factory should be discussed.3、_ this happened is not clear.WhyWhen/ Where How / Why 三、用三、用it 作形式主語的主語從句作形式主語的主語從句 常用句型如下：常用句型如下：It+ be +名詞名詞+ that 從句從句It+ be + 形容詞形容詞+ that從句從句It+ be + 過去分詞過去分詞+ that從句從句It+ 不及物動詞不及物動詞

9、+ that從句從句It + 及物動詞及物動詞+ 賓語賓語+ that 從句從句 注解：一般來說主語從句都是放在注解：一般來說主語從句都是放在 ,但有時為了使句子但有時為了使句子 ,避免避免”頭重腳輕頭重腳輕”,常用常用 作作 ，從而把主語從句放在，從而把主語從句放在 句首句首保持平衡保持平衡 it 形式主語形式主語后面后面1) It is + n. +that It is a pity/shame that. It is a surprise that It is a fact that It is common knowledge that *_(很可惜很可惜)we lost the ma

10、tch.*_(這是事實這是事實)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that可惜的是可惜的是 令人吃驚的是令人吃驚的是事實是事實是是常識是常識 2) It is + adj. +that Its certain that It is possible/likely that. It is obvious/clear that It is true that *_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明顯很明顯) he is an English.It is possible that

11、It is obvious that肯定肯定 很可能很可能 很明顯很明顯的確的確3) It + be +過去分詞過去分詞+從句從句 It is said that. It is known to all that. It is reported that. It is believed that.It is suggested that + (should）do. *_(據報道據報道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建議建議)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is rep

12、orted thatIt is suggested that據說據說 眾所周知眾所周知 據報道據報道 據相信據相信;人們相信人們相信 建議建議4) It +不及物動詞不及物動詞+that It happened that. It occurred to me that It appears/seems that It turned out that*_(剛好剛好)I was out yesterday.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forgot to sent the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me that碰巧碰巧 我突然想起我突然想起似乎

13、，好像似乎，好像原來原來5) It + 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語+ that從句從句 It worried her thatIt shocked me that . *_(讓我吃驚的是讓我吃驚的是) she treated in the exam.It surprised me that讓她擔心的是讓她擔心的是 讓我震驚的是讓我震驚的是 1、That we cant go to see the movie on the weekend is a pity. 2、That his memory was becoming worse worried him a lot .It is a pity

14、 that we cant go to see the movie on the weekend. It worried him a lot that his memory was becoming worse. 用用it 作形式主語來改寫下面的句子作形式主語來改寫下面的句子 改錯改錯 1、That is widely believed that smoking can cause cancer. 2、It is suggested that we will hold a meeting next week . It （作形式主語）（作形式主語）解析解析：過去分詞如果是：過去分詞如果是sugg

15、ested , ordered, requested 等表示建議，命令，請求等的詞時，主語從句應用虛擬等表示建議，命令，請求等的詞時，主語從句應用虛擬語氣，即語氣，即“(should) + 動詞原形動詞原形” (should) hold 四、四、 主語從句中應注意的問題主語從句中應注意的問題 1、從句的語序要用陳述句的語序。、從句的語序要用陳述句的語序。 e.g. remains a mystery.他為什么做那件事依然是個謎。他為什么做那件事依然是個謎。 Why he did it2、 從句做主語時，主句謂語動詞的單復數從句做主語時，主句謂語動詞的單復數 單個主語從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單個

16、主語從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數單數 e.g. When we shall have our sports meeting not been decided yet. 由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句時，由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句時， 謂語動詞也用謂語動詞也用單數單數 e.g. When and where we shall have our sports meeting not been decided yet. has has 如果用如果用and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句 做主語時，謂語動詞用做主語時，謂語動詞用復數復數 e.g. When the

17、y will start and where they will go not been decided yet.have 注意注意 what 和和who 引導主語從句時，主句引導主語從句時，主句謂語謂語 的數的數應與主句中作應與主句中作表語的名詞表語的名詞保持一致。保持一致。 What I need _ money.What I need _ books. is are Who you will go with _ Lucy. Who you will go with _ the twins. is are 3、whether 引導的主語從句引導的主語從句,如果用了如果用了 形式主語形式主語

18、it ,引導詞引導詞whether 可以換成可以換成if , 如果如果whether 從句在句首或后面有從句在句首或后面有or not 時時,不能換成不能換成if. Whether they will sell the house is not decided yet. It is not decided yet whether they will sell the house. 不可用不可用if替換替換 可用可用if替換替換 練習練習 _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Which2. _ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. A. Because B. That C. / D. What3. _ I need is more time. A. That B. What C. / D. Which4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. IfB. Whether C. ThatD. W