1、選修8Unit 5Meeting your ancestors要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考重點單詞1alternative n. 可能的選擇 adj.供選擇的；其他的2starvation n挨餓；餓死starve vi.挨餓；餓死3accuracy n精確；準確accurate adj.準確的；精確的4interrupt vt. & vi.打斷講話；打岔；暫時中斷或中止5assume vt.假定；設想6sharpen vi. & vt.(使)鋒利；尖銳；清晰sharpener n磨具；削具7messy adj.凌亂的；臟的mess n凌亂，臟8botany n

2、植物學botanical adj.植物學的，與植物學有關的9analysis n分析analyses pl.analyse vt.分析analyst n分析者，化驗員analytic(al) adj.分析的，解析的10category n種類；類別；范疇11significance n意義；意思；重要性，重要意義12delete vt.刪；刪除13somehow adv.以方式；不知怎么地14academy n學院；學會；學術團體；院校15applaud vi. & vt.鼓掌歡迎；贊賞applause n鼓掌16accelerate vi. & vt.加速；促進17arres

3、t vt.逮捕；吸引 n逮捕；拘留18dizzy adj.暈眩的；昏亂的；使人發暈或困惑的重點短語1regardless of不管；不顧2at most 至多；最多3cut up 切碎4fed up with 受夠了；飽受；厭煩5look ahead 向前看；為將來打算6date back 追溯到7arrest sb. for. 因而逮捕某人8with relief 欣慰地9be proud of. 以為驕傲10turn to sb. for help 向某人求助重點句型1If only it could be just like last year! 要是能跟去年那樣有多好呀！2It is

4、a great pleasure to meet you students from England. 見到你們這些來自英國的學生非常高興3It must have been very uncomfortable.那肯定會非常不舒服。4We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個冬天都在燒火。5Abruptly sh

5、e sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. 她突然坐了下去，結果被她正又笑又嚷的妹妹魯娜一把抱了起來。高考范文(2007·遼寧)大學生活即將開始，你將面對新的學習和生活環境。請根據提示寫一篇英語短文，談談你打算如何安排你的大學生活。內容要點應包括：確定新的學習目標改進學習方法學會獨立生活參加各種課外活動處理好與同學的關系注意：1.短文的內容要連貫、完整；2短文單詞數：100左右(開頭已給出的單詞不計入單詞總數)。 I will go to college in the near f

6、uture._ I_will_go_to_college_in_the_near_future. After I enter college, I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning. What's more, as I am away from my parents, it is necessary for me to learn to live on my own, such as doing some washing and cleaning by myself. In my spare

7、 time, I will take part in different kinds of school activities, for example, I will often go to the English Corner to practise my spoken English. In addition, I need to get along well with my classmates and teachers at college. I think I will have a wonderful college life.考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考.詞匯短

8、語過關1alternative n. (兩者或兩者以上)選擇；二選其一；可供選擇的東西；替代物adj. 選其一的；替代的an alternative to. 的替代品have no alternative but to do sth. 別無選擇只好做alternative energy 可替代能源(1)Have you got an _ suggestion?你有沒有其他的建議？(2)You _ marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以結婚也可以仍做單身漢，任你選擇。alternativehave the alternative of(3)We have _.除

9、了繼續下去，我們沒有選擇的余地。(4)There is _.除了戰斗，沒有其他的辦法。no alternative but to go onno alternative but to fight2interrupt vi. 打岔vt. 暫時中斷或中止interruption n. 中斷，打斷interrupt sb. 打斷某人的講話或正在做的事without interruption 不間斷地(1)Dont _ me while Im busy.我正忙著，不要打攪我。(2)Traffic in the city _ a snowstorm.市內交通被暴風雪所阻斷。interruptwas in

10、terrupted by(3)Im sorry to _ you, but could you tell me the way to the hospital?對不起，打擾了，你能告訴我去醫院怎么走嗎？interrupt3assume v. 假定；設想assumption n. 假定，假設assume sth. 認為某事assume thatclasue 認為assuming that.suppose/supposing that 假設assume sb. to be . 認為某人是(1)You _ his innocence before hearing the evidence again

11、st him.You _ him _ innocent before hearing the evidence against him.You _ he is innocent before hearing the evidence against him.在聽到對他不利的證言前，你假定他是無罪的。assumeassumeto beassume that(2)_/_/_ (that) it rains, what shall we do? 假如下雨的話，我們怎么辦？AssumingSupposeSupposing4somehow adv. 用某種方法，不知怎么地，不知為什么somehow ad

12、v. 在句中做狀語修飾動詞，位置比較靈活somewhat 稍微，有點anyhow 無論如何anyway 無論如何；不管怎樣；用任何方式(1)_ he was afraid of her.不知為什么，他怕她。(2)Dont worry, well get the money back _.別擔心，我們總會把那些錢拿回來的。Somehowsomehow(3)I was _ surprised.我有點兒吃驚。(4)It may rain, but we shall go _.可能要下雨，不過我們照走不誤。somewhatanyway5arrest n. 逮捕；拘留vt. 逮捕；吸引arrest sb

13、. for 因而逮捕某人get arrested 遭逮捕arrest ones attention 引起注意under arrest 被捕make an arrest 進行拘捕(1)Embry _ stealing cars.恩布里因為偷車而被捕了。(2)He was placed _ in 1995.他在1995年被軟禁。(3)The police expected to _ soon.警方很快就會進行拘捕。was arrested forunder house arrestmake an arrest6regardless of 不管；不顧in spite of 盡管；不管despite

14、不管；盡管as regards 關于，至于in regard to/of. 關于in this regard 關于此事with regard to 關于regarding prep. 關于提示：regardless of, in spite of和 despite 后面不能直接跟從句，只能跟名詞，但可以跟 the fact that.。(1)They decorated the house _ the high cost. 他們不惜高額的費用裝修房子。(2)They continued to work _ the fact that it was raining. 盡管天在下雨，他們還繼續工作

15、。regardless ofregardless of7at most至多at (the) most至多，不超過at (the) least至少，不低于；無論如何at (the) best充其量，不超過most of all尤其，特別make the most of(make full use of)充分利用least of all(especially not)更不用說not in the least(not at all)一點也不(1)I can pay you 10 pounds _.我最多付給你10英鎊。(2)There were only 30 people at the meeti

16、ng _.最多只有30個人參加了那個會議。at(the) mostat(the) most(3)It will cost _ 150.這至少價值150英鎊。at least8cut up 切碎；割碎cut down 砍掉，砍倒；縮減，減少，削減cut through 剪斷，鑿穿；抄近路穿過cut out 剪下，切掉，割掉；刪除；住口cut in 插嘴，插入；打斷(談話)cut off 切掉；割掉；剪下，刪去；切斷，斷絕；使分離，使隔絕；打斷，(突然)中止，中斷cut away 去掉；切掉；砍掉(1)_ the carrots before you put them into the pot.把

17、胡蘿卜切碎后再放進鍋內。The cook _ the meat for the pie.這廚師將肉切碎做肉餅。Cut upcut up(2)用適當的介、副詞填空You won't be cutting _ the office staff, then?The gas has been cut_.John and his brother were arguing so their mother told them to cut it _ and go to bed.downoffoutMr Davis cut _ to ask if anyone would like a drink.H

18、e cut _ the old branches from the tree.inaway9look ahead 向前看；為將來打算look after 照顧，照料look up 仰視，查閱look up to sb. 尊敬某人look down on/upon sb. 輕視；瞧不起look in 短時間探訪look into sth. 調查look over 瀏覽檢查，察看look through 翻閱，查找(1)Just _ and youll see a pagoda.只要向前望去，你就可以看到一座寶塔。(2)We must _ before we go further in the m

19、atter.在進一步進行這件事之前，我們必須把眼光放遠。(3)We must _ before we make a decision.我們作出決定之前必須想得遠一點。look aheadlook aheadlook ahead10date back to追溯到；上溯到date back todate from因追溯是從現在算起指向過去，所以這個短語常用一般現在時，也沒有被動語態。(1)This custom _ the 16th century.這風俗起源于16世紀。(2)This is an old building _ the 16th century.這是一棟追溯至16世紀的古老建筑物。

20、dates back todating back to(3)This town _ Roman times.這個城鎮可追溯到羅馬時代。(4)The unearthed sword _ the Han Dynasty.這把出土的寶劍屬于漢代。dates back todates back to.重點句型詳解1It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England.我很高興遇見你們這些來自英國的學生pleasure 本來是抽象名詞，在此句中具體化，意思是“樂事；快事”。Its a pleasure to meet you.認識你是十分高興的

21、事。She has few pleasures left in life.她生活中已沒有什么樂趣了。拓展：抽象名詞的具體化是高考的常考點之一，現總結如下：(1)表示具有某種特性、狀態、特點、情感、情緒的人或事，且表示變化了的詞義時，這類抽象名詞由于已具體化，故可變為可數名詞。如：a pleasure 樂事 a success 成功的人或事a surprise 奇異的事 a failure 失敗的人或事a pity 可惜的事 a must 必要的事a worry 令人擔憂的事 a wonder 奇跡a great help 有幫助的人或事 a youth 年輕人a danger 危險的人或物 a

22、 beauty 美人(2)表示抽象的特性、狀態、思維、行為的一次、一種、一類、一下、一頓等意思時，常可組成“a/an抽象名詞”或“a/an形容詞抽象名詞”結構。如：have a sleep 睡覺die a death 死take a great interest 表現極大的興趣 take a look 看get a high opinion 得到很高的評價make an apology 道歉have a good time 玩得高興an art 一種藝術a delicious breakfast (lunch, supper) 可口的早餐(午餐、晚餐)She is _ success, _ w

23、oman as she is.A/; /Ba; aC/; a Da; /答案：D解析：考查冠詞。第一空填a，表示“一位成功人士”；第二空 as引導讓步狀語從句時，句子需倒裝且名詞前不填冠詞。2We have_been_excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個冬天都在燒火。(1)句中的have been doing是現在完成進行時。完成進行

24、時是現在完成時的強調形式，表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續到現在，可能還要繼續下去，通常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：for hours, since this morning等，其構成是“have/hasbeen現在分詞”。I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it.我已經花了三天的時間找我丟失的書，但還沒有找到。【注意】現在完成進行時與現在完成時的區別：二者都可以表示動作的延續，區別在于：前者更強調動作的延續性，可以說是后者的強調形式。We have been livi

25、ng here for ten years.(強調還要繼續住下去)We have lived here for ten years.(不知道是否已經結束)在無時間狀語的情況下，前者表示動作仍在進行，而后者則表示動作在過去已結束。The students have been preparing for the exam.(還在進行)The students have prepared for the exam.(已經結束)(2)句中的suggest含義為“暗示，表明”，后面接從句時不用虛擬語氣。His pale face suggests he is in bad health.他面色蒼白，說明

26、他身體不好。當suggest含義為“建議，提出”時，后面跟從句時要用虛擬語氣that sb. should do。I suggested to him that we should handle the problem another way.我向他建議我們用另一種方式處理這個問題。The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.牙醫建議她改天再來。(1)The two countries _ to maintain their military equation for many years.Atried Bwas tryin

27、gChave tried Dhave been trying答案：D(2)The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone.Awould present BpresentCpresents Dought to present答案：B3Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.她突然坐下，結果被她又笑又嚷的妹妹魯娜抱了起來。only to be scooped up by her lau

28、ghing, shouting sister, Luna是不定式做結果狀語，多表示意料之外的結果。He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆匆忙忙地趕到車站，結果發現火車已經開走了。提示：ing 形式做結果狀語多表示由于前邊的動作自然而然地導致后邊的結果。如：They can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. 它們可以在兩分鐘之內把一個人吃光，只剩骨頭。European football is played in more than 80 c

29、ountries, making it the most popular sport.有80多個國家踢歐式足球，這使得它成為最流行的運動。The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.Ato tell Bto be toldCtelling Dtold答案：B解析：onlyto do 常做結果狀語，故排除C、D兩項。根據句意可知是“別人告訴記者”，the news reporters 做主語，需用被動式。易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區備考1.alternative/choice/se

30、lection(1)alternative一般強調在只有兩種可能性或者行為方式之間進行的選擇。(2)choice泛指從一組人或物中進行的自由選擇，指選擇，挑選，抉擇。(3)selection含有從許多可供選擇的人或物中擇優選拔的意思。(1)The store offers a wide _ of fruit and vegetables.商店提供許多可供選擇的水果和蔬菜。(2)An unhappy _ is before you. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will ne

31、ver see you again if you do.擺在你面前的是個很不幸的難題，你得自己去選擇。如果你不嫁給柯林斯先生，你母親就再也不想見你，而如果你要嫁給他，我就再也不愿見到你。choicealternative(3)Parents should be careful in their _ of the movies their young children see.家長們在為孩子們挑選電影時應小心謹慎。selection2. interrupt/disturb(1)interrupt打斷(某人的)談話；中斷(某人的)行動(2)disturb打擾(尤指正在工作的人)；妨礙(某人的睡眠)

32、使煩惱(worry)(1)If you get up early, try not to _ anyone else.如果你起得早，盡量不要打擾別人。(2)Youd better not _ him when he is speeking.當他在說話時你最好別打斷他。(3)Im sorry to _ you, but can I talk to you for a moment？對不起，打擾你一下，我能跟你談一會兒嗎？disturbinterruptdisturb3. 現在完成進行時(1)I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the f

33、inal.I think so. He _ for it for months.Ais preparing Bwas preparingChad been prepared Dhas been preparing答案：D解析：從語境可知 prepare 這一動作從過去一直持續到說話時。故用 have been doing。(2)She ought to stop working. She has a headache because she _ all day long.Ahas been reading Bhad readCis reading Dread答案：A解析：主句用了一般現在時，從

34、句強調到現在為止，一直在讀書，所以用現在完成進行時。(3)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year.Astudies BstudiedCis studying Dhas been studying答案：D解析：凱茜正在陽光學校記語法筆記，她一直在那里學英語，到現在一年了。(4)Ever since the Greens moved to the country a year ago, they _ better health

35、.Aare enjoying Bhave been enjoyingCcould have enjoyed Dhad enjoyed答案：B解析：ever since (自從以來)引導從句時，主句要用完成時態。本句強調“一直進行”，所以選B。(5)Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No, but we _ to get in touch with them ever since.Ahave tried Bhave been tryingChad tried Dhad been trying答案：B解析：從情景可知

36、，句子的謂語應使用現在完成時態，排除C、D兩項。現在完成時表示動作到現在結束；現在完成進行時則表示動作持續到現在并且要延續到將來。運用到本題表示“過去一直并且以后也要盡力去取得聯系”。高 效 作 業 自我測評·技能備考.單詞拼寫1I have to s_ the pencil. It doesnt write well.2Millions will face s_ next year as a result of the drought.3After her performance, the audience stood up and a_ the actress for a lon

37、g time.4Its widely accepted that botany falls into the c_ of biology.5You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two a_.sharpenstarvationapplaudedcategoryalternatives6He was _(逮捕) for murdering.7Children must learn not to _ (打斷談話)8_(假定) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?9Wh

38、o will learn a language _ (不管) of methods, materials, or teachers?10_(不知怎么地), the message was passed.arrestedinterruptAssumingregardlessSomehow .單項選擇1Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?_.AIt's my pleasure BNo troubleCYes, that's right DWith pleasure答案：D解析：本題考查口語情景回答。從語境分析，此處應該表示“非常樂意

39、去幫忙”的意思。Its my pleasure. “不客氣”的意思，接受道謝時的回答。而 with pleasure 的意思為“非常愿意”，用來回答對方的請求。故選D。2(2009·湖北卷)As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.Aprimary BalternativeCinstant Dunique答案：B解析：考查形

40、容詞辨析。B.“可替代的”合題意。A.主要的，初期的，根本的；C.立即的，立刻的；D.獨特的，唯一的。3We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon_ that the others agree.Ato assume BassumedCassume Dassuming答案：D解析：assumingsupposesupposing“假設”。4Her friend I referred to just now was _ for fraud.Asuspected BchargedCaccused Darrested答案：D解析：be arrested

41、for 因被逮捕。be suspected of 被懷疑；be charged with和 be accused of 意為“被控告”。5At times this balance of nature is _， resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.Atroubled BdisturbedCconfused Dinterrupted答案：B解析：句意為：有時生態平衡被打破，結果會有很多難以預見的影響。 interrupt 打斷；trouble 麻煩；disturb 打擾，攪亂；confuse 迷惑。6_，we must ex

42、pect changes to be made in our system of teaching.ALooking around BLooking aheadCWatching out DSeeing around答案：B解析：句意為：向前看，我們必須期望教學系統的變化。7_the bad weather, the athletic meeting will be held on time.AIn contrast with BIn relation toCOn behalf of DRegardless of答案：D解析：句意：不顧壞天氣，運動會將按時舉行。A.與比較；B.關于，與有關；C

43、.代表。8I was overjoyed to pass the oral English test _， though I was not good at it.Asomewhat BanyhowCanyway Dsomehow答案：D解析：選擇 somehow 不知怎么地。somewhat 稍微； anyhow, anyway 無論如何。9_ the Christmas holidays would come sooner!AOnly if BIfCIf only DUnless答案：C解析：If only.“要是就好了！” only if “只要，如果”。10Im really _ th

44、is weatherwhy cant it be sunny for a change?Afed up to Bfed onCfed to Dfed up with答案：D解析：句意：我真的受夠了這種天氣為什么不變一下，出出太陽？be fed up with為固定結構，意為“厭煩”，符合語意要求。11(2010·綿陽中學)_ Chinese which city is famous for ice and snow, and the answer is sure to be Harbin.AIf you ask a BAsked someCAsk any DHaving asked

45、every答案：C解析：考查“祈使句and/or結果分句”句型。該句型中祈使句用動詞原形，祈使句相當于一個條件狀語從句，本句可改為If you ask any Chinese which city is famous for ice and snow, the answer is sure to be Harbin.注意：改成條件狀語從句時主句前沒有連詞and。12(2010·廣西南寧地區聯考)Nowadays, a graduate with a master's degree _ fail to find a highpaid job, which discourages

46、 a lot of college students.Ashall BcanCwill Dmust答案：B解析：考查情態動詞。這里用can表示“有時會，可能會”。語意：如今有碩士學位的畢業生也可能會找不到高薪工作13The carrot should be _ into small pieces before you put them into the boiling water.Acut down Bcut offCcut in Dcut up答案：D解析：cut up切碎；符合題意。cut down減少(開支)，砍倒；cut off切斷，中斷；cut in打斷，插話，均不符合題意。14_

47、what we can do, well have to decrease our dependence on oil and reduce our overall energy consumption.AIn terms of BIn case ofCAs a result of DIn face of答案：A解析：考查介詞短語辨析。in terms of“就而言”；in case of“萬一”；as a result of“由于”；in face of“面對，面臨”。句意為：就我們可以做的而言，我們將不得不減少對石油的依賴，并減少我們的整體能源消耗。根據句意選A。15Its a long

48、time _ I saw you last.Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time _ we see each other again.Abefore; since Bsince; whenCsince; before Dwhen; before答案：C解析：考查連詞用法。It is一段時間since句子，自從以來已有多久，since從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；It will be一段時間before句子，再過多久才，從句謂語用一般現在時表示將來；或It was一段時間before句子，沒多久就，從句謂語用過去時，

49、故選C。 .閱讀理解 A A typical Chinese Internet user is a young male who prefers instant messaging to email, seldom makes online purchases and favors news, music and games sites. According to a study, about twothirds of survey participants use the Internet for newsoften entertainmentrelatedor for online gam

50、es. About half download music and movies. They also tend to prefer instant messaging to email, and they are depending on the Internet more frequently than before to communicate with others who have the same professions, hobbies and political interests. Online purchases still remain unpopular in China. Threequarters of users surveyed have never bought anything over the Internet, and only 10 percent make purchases even once a month. Among those who do buy o