1、Statue of Zeus at Olympia 鐘逸倩The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was made by the Greek sculptor Phidias, circa（大約）432 BC on the site where it was erected in the Temple of Zeus, Olympia, Greece. It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Description：The seated statue, some 12 meters (39 fee

2、t) tall, occupied the whole width of the aisle（通道）of the temple built to house it. "It seems that if Zeus were to stand up," the geographer Strabo noted early in the first century BC, "he would unroof（除去屋頂）the temple." The Zeus was a chryselephantine sculpture（ 用金和象牙做成的雕塑）,

3、made of ivory and gold-plated bronze. No copy in marble（大理石）or bronze（青銅）has survived, though there are recognizable but approximate versions on coins of nearby Elis and on Roman coins and engraved gems. A very detailed description of the sculpture and its throne（寶座）was recorded by the traveler Paus

4、anias, in the second century AD. The sculpture was wreathed with shoots of olive worked in gold and seated on a magnificent throne of cedarwood(杉木), inlaid with ivory, gold, ebony（烏木）and precious stones. In Zeus' right hand there was a small statue of crowned Nike（勝利女神）, goddess of victory, also

5、 chryselephantine, and in his left hand, a sceptre inlaid with gold, on which an eagle（鷹） perched. Plutarch, in his Life of the Roman general Aemilius Paulus, records that the victor over Macedon, when he beheld the statue, “was moved to his soul, as if he had seen the god in person,” while the firs

6、t century AD Greek orator Dio Chrysostom declared that a single glimpse of the statue would make a man forget all his earthly troubles. The date of the statue, in the third quarter of the fifth century BC, long a subject of debate, was confirmed archaeologically by the rediscovery and excavation of

7、Phidias' workshop.According to a legend（傳說）, when Phidias was asked what inspired himwhether he climbed Mount Olympus to see Zeus, or whether Zeus came down from Olympus so that Pheidias could see himthe artist answered that he portrayed（描繪） Zeus according to Book One, verses 528 530 of Homer

8、9;s Iliad: Coin of Elis illustrating the Olympian Zeus (Nordisk familjebok)He spoke, the son of Kronos, and nodded his head with the dark brows,and the immortally anointed hair of the great godswept from his divine head, and all Olympos was shakenThe sculptor also was reputed to have immortalised hi

9、s eromenos, Pantarkes, by carving "Pantarkes kalos" into the god's little finger, and placing a relief of the boy crowning himself at the feet of the statue. Coin of Elis illustrating the Olympian Zeus (Nordisk familjebok)Loss and destruction：According to Suetonius, the Roman Emperor C

10、aligula "gave orders that such statues of the gods as were especially famous for their sanctity （神圣）or for their artistic merit（榮譽）, including that of Zeus at Olympia, should be brought from Greece, in order to remove their heads and put his own in their place." Caligula was assassinated（暗

11、殺）in AD 41. In Rome other interpretations were placed on the phenomenon: according to Suetonius, Caligula's "approaching murder was foretold by many prodigies（奇才）. The statue of Jupiter at Olympia, which he had order to be taken to pieces and moved to Rome, suddenly uttered such a peal of l

12、aughter that the scaffolding collapsed and the workmen took to their heels." The circumstances of its eventual destruction are a source of debate: the eleventh-century Byzantine historian Georgios Kedrenos recorded the tradition that it was carried off to Constantinople, where it was destroyed

13、in the great fire of the Lauseion, in AD 475. Others argue that it perished （消失）with the temple when it burned in 425. According to Lucian of Samosata in the later second century, "they have laid hands on your person at Olympia, my lord High-Thunderer, and you had not the energy to wake the dog

14、s or call in the neighbours; surely they might have come to the rescue and caught the fellows before they had finished packing up the swag." Phidias' workshop rediscovered:Perhaps the greatest discovery came in 1954-58 with the excavation of the workshop at Olympia where Phidias created the

15、 statue. Tools, terracotta moulds and a cup inscribed "I belong to Pheidias" were found here, just where the traveler Pausanias said the Zeus was constructed. This has enabled archaeologists to re-create the techniques used to make the great work and confirm its date.宙斯神像宙斯神像（the statue of

16、 Zeus）大約建造于公元前432年，當時神像放置在奧林匹亞宙斯神廟（Temple of Olympian Zeus）中，位于今希臘奧林匹亞城，是最偉大的古典雕刻家古希臘雕刻家菲迪亞斯（Phidias，約公元前480年前430年）于前432年完成的作品。宙斯神像也是當時世上最大的室內雕像，雕像高12米（39英尺），為由鍍金的銅與象牙鑲嵌而成。宙斯神像原本是放在希臘雅典衛城東南面的宙斯神殿內。然而這座神殿于公元5年被大火摧毀。宙斯神像雖因被運到君士坦丁堡而幸免于難，但最終亦難逃厄運，于公元462年被大火燒毀。宙斯是希臘神話中的眾神之神， 希臘神話中的主神，第三任神王，是奧林匹斯山的統治者。克洛諾斯和瑞亞之子，掌管天界；奧林匹斯的許多神祇和許多希臘英雄都是他和不同女人生下的子女。他以雷電為武器，維持著天地間的秩序，公牛和鷹是他的標志。他的兄弟波塞冬和哈得斯分別掌管海洋和冥界。附：世界七大奇跡名稱所在位置興建年代興建者毀壞年代毀壞原因吉薩大金字塔埃及吉薩前2584至前2561年古埃及人現存巴比倫空中花園伊拉克巴比倫省希拉前605至前562年新巴比倫王國尼布甲尼撒二世前2世紀連串地震奧林匹亞宙斯神像希臘奧林匹亞廟：前470至456年神