7AUs1-2Grammar---一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))“時(shí)態(tài)”表示一個(gè)動(dòng)詞在不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示。在英語語法中，“時(shí)”指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，“態(tài)”指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。下面來介紹一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法。一、概念：1、表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday(week,month)等連用。Heplaysfootballtwiceaweek.他每周踢兩次足球。Isometimesgotoworkonfoot.我有時(shí)步行去上班。2、表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)。It’scoldtoday.今天很冷。Youlooktirednow.你現(xiàn)在看起來很疲乏。3、表示主語所具有的特征、性格和能力等。Sheisafamoussinger.她是個(gè)著名的歌唱家。Tomlikesswimming.湯姆喜歡游泳。4、表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理或格言或警句中。

It’sfarfromtheearthtothesun.地球與太陽間的距離很遠(yuǎn)。Fiveandthreemakeseight.五加三得八。Pride

goes

before

a

fall.驕者必?cái)　?、表示已預(yù)先安排或計(jì)劃好將來確定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如列車時(shí)刻表、課程表、日歷等。但主要用于go,come,leave,start,return,arrive等瞬間動(dòng)詞。ThetrainfromLondonarrivesat7:00.從倫敦來的火車7:00到站。Heleavesonbusinessthedayaftertomorrow.他后天出差。6、在時(shí)間及條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作。I’llcallyouassoonasIgetthere.我一到那里就打電話給你。I’llcomeifheinvitesme.如果他邀請我，我就來。7、在以here,there開頭的句子里，表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Herecomesthebus!汽車來了！Theregoesthebell!鈴響了！★★★注意：當(dāng)主語是代詞時(shí)，代詞必須放在動(dòng)詞之前。如：Therehecomes!他來了！8、某些表示心理狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞，如feel,love,hope,want,understand等表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體行為。Ifeelpaininmyhead.我頭疼。Idon’tunderstandwhatyoumean.我不理解你的意思。★★★注意：此時(shí)只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。時(shí)間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,every+段時(shí)間(week,day,year…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.三、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：一、）動(dòng)詞為“be”時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法。Ⅰ、構(gòu)成：ⅰ、肯定句：主語+be動(dòng)詞+---(be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語)；注意：am,is,are后不再有其它行為動(dòng)詞。be后+名詞①IamanEnglishteacher.be后+形容詞②Sandyisverytallandslim.be后+介詞短語③WeareinClassOne,GradeSeven.ⅱ、否定句：主語+am/is/are+not+其它成分。ⅲ、一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語+其它成分？回答：Yes,主語+be(am/is/are).No,主語+be(am/is/are)+not.①IamnotanEnglishteacher.②Sandyisnot(=isn’t)verytallorslim.【肯定句中用and否定句中要改為or】③Wearenot(=aren’t)inClassOne,GradeSeven.①AreyouanEnglishteacher?Yes,Iam.（在一般疑問句的肯定回答中不能用縮寫形式）②IsSandyverytallandslim?No,sheisn’t.③AreyouinClassOne,GradeSeven?No,wearen’t.★縮寫形式小結(jié)：I’m=Iamyou’re/we’re/they’re=you/we/theyarehe’s/she’s/it’s=he/she/itisisn’t=isnotaren’t=arenot★be動(dòng)詞用法歌訣：我用am，你用are，is連接他，她，它。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變疑問，be提前，句末問號莫丟棄。變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記。疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。ⅳ、特殊疑問句（對劃線部分提問）：Iamfine.Howareyou?Heisateacher.Whatishe?Myglassesareonthetable.Whereareyourglasses?Helenismybestfriend.Whoisyourbestfriend?ⅴ、祈使句:Behappy.Beagoodboy.Bequick.Don’tbelateforschoolagain.Don’tbesad.Don’tbeexcited.Let’sbegoodfriends.ⅵ、Here/there+be+名詞；Here/there+代詞+be(注意：當(dāng)主語是代詞時(shí)，代詞必須放在動(dòng)詞之前。)Here_is_apresentforyou.Here_are_someflowersforPingping.Here_are_yourshoes.Theyarenew.Whereismyracket?Hereit_is_.Wherearemytrousers?Herethey_are_.ThereJack_is_.Ⅱ、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:1._____DanielandSimoninGrade8?No,they_____.They____inGrade7.2.There_____awonderfulbasketballmatchonTVeveryday.Alotofpeople____basketballfans.3.Here_____yourtennisrackets.They____new.4.Millie_____intheschoolbasketballteam.SheisintheReadingClub.Shethinksreading____fun.5._____youinthesameclass?No,we_____.Butwe_____inthesamegrade.6.Let’s____goodfriends.7.Thispairoftrainers_____forNick.Thetrainers____white.8.Millie____goodatmaths.9.Maths____aninterestinglesson.10.Wherearemytrainers?Herethey_____.二、）行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：Ⅰ、構(gòu)成ⅰ、肯定句：1.當(dāng)主語是第一人稱（I,we）、第二人稱(you)和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)(they,manystudents)時(shí)，行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他------（S+do+---）①IlikeEnglish.②Weoftenplayfootballafterschool.③Theyoftenswimintheswimmingpool.2.當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it,myson,Tom)時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞使用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式。主語三單+動(dòng)詞三單形式+其他------（S+does+---）④HelikesEnglish.⑤Tomoftenplaysfootballafterschool.⑥Amyoftenswimsintheswimmingpool.ⅱ、否定句：1.主語+don’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他------（S+don’t+do+---）①Idon’tlikeEnglish.②Wedon’toftenplayfootballafterschool.③Theydon’toftenswimintheswimmingpool.2.主語三單+doesnot(=doesn’t)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他------（S+doesn’t+do+---）④Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.⑤Tomdoesn’toftenplayfootballafterschool⑥Amydoesn’toftenswimintheswimmingpool.ⅲ、一般疑問句：1.Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分？回答：Yes,主語+do.No,主語+do+not.①DoyoulikeEnglish?②Doyouoftenplayfootballafterschool?③Dotheyoftenswimintheswimmingpool?2.Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分？回答：Yes,主語+does.No,主語+does+not.④DoeshelikeEnglish?Yes,hedoes.⑤DoesTomoftenplayfootballafterschool?No,hedoesn’t.⑥D(zhuǎn)oesAmyoftenswimintheswimmingpool?Yes,shedoes.★縮寫形式小結(jié)：donot=don’tdoesnot=doesn’t★哪些詞是第三人稱單數(shù)（簡稱“三單”）1、人稱代詞he,she,it做主語是第三人稱單數(shù)。HelikeswatchingTV.2、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼做主語是第三人稱單數(shù)。HanMeilookslikehermother.3、this/that做主語是第三人稱單數(shù)。Thisismypenpal.4、不可數(shù)名詞做主語可以看作是第三人稱單數(shù)。Themilkisintheglass.5、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或“this/that/the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語，看作是第三人稱單數(shù)。Ahorseisausefulanimal.6、不定代詞someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something做主語可以看作是第三人稱單數(shù)。Everyoneishere.7、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí)，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。“6”isaluckynumber.“6”是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字。

“A”isaletter.A是個(gè)字母。8、特殊疑問詞做主語，通常認(rèn)為是三單。Whatmakeshimhappy？Wholikesmusic?9、動(dòng)名詞短語做主語時(shí)，通常認(rèn)為是三單。Listeningtomusicmakesusfeelhappy.★單數(shù)第三人稱形式變化規(guī)則如下：①直接加s。如：work—works【加的s在清輔音后讀／s／，在元音和濁輔音后讀／z／】②輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i，再加es。如：carry—carries；cry—cries；try—tries；study—studies③以s、x、o、ch、sh結(jié)尾的加es。【加的es讀／iz／或／z／】如：wash—washes；teach—teaches；go—goes；pass—passes；fix—fixes;④特殊：have—has附：清輔音:/p//

t//k//f//θ//s//?//

h//ts//t?//tr/濁輔音：/b//d//g//v//e/

/z//?//

r/

/dz/

/d?//dr/

/m//n/

/?/

/

j//w//

?/寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式:1)go_______2)like_______3)say_______4)have______5)watch________6)cry______7)fly_______8)love_______9)enjoy________10)study________11)wash_______12)do______13)buy______14)teach_______15)swim______16)hurry_______17)carry_______18)miss_______19)drop_______20)lie_______ⅳ、對劃線部分提問：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？DanielcomesfromLondon.WheredoesDanielcomefrom?ⅴ、祈使句:Openthedoor.Keepquite.Runfast!Don’topenthedoor.Don’tkeepquite.Don’trunfast!Ⅱ、時(shí)間狀語：always,often,sometimes,every+段時(shí)間(week,day,year…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.Ⅲ、練習(xí)一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:1.Myparents________________(listen)totheradioeveryday.2.Mikeandhistwinbrother_______________(study)inamiddleschool.3.We____________(take)Eddieforawalkaftersupper.4.He_____________(wash)hisownclotheseveryday.5.Hisuncle____________(go)fishingonSundays.6.Myfriends_____________(help)mealotwithmyChinese.7.I（notplay)tennisatschool.Peter（notplay)tennisathome.8.AmyandI(notwalk)home.She(notwalk)home.9.You(notlike)watchingTV.He(notlike)watchingTV.10.They(notdo)theirhomeworkeveryday.11.TheClass1studentsusually_______________(have)lunchat12o’clock.12.He__________(want)to________(go)withyou.13.Sheoften__________(try)onnewclothes.14.DanielandSandy______(be)membersoftheMusicClub.They_________(listen)tomusicallthetime.15.Don’t__________(swim)intheriver.It__________(be)dangerous.16.Simon__________(notdo)hishomeworkeveryevening.Sometimeshe__________(watch)TVathome.17.Kitty(notdo)herhomeworkeveryday.18.Iusually___________(go)runningforhalfanhourattheweekend.19.Mygrandparents____________(like)watchingTVverymuch.20.This__________(be)mycat.It__________(love)me.21.___________(be)yoursisteramemberoftheReadingClub?22.Sheoften______________(finish)herhomeworkat9:00intheevening.23.Mycousin__________(enjoy)computergames.Buthisfather__________(notenjoy)computergames.24.We______________(nothave)aMusiclessononThursday.25.Hisuncle_______________(notget)upearlyonSaturday.26.Thelittlebabyinblue____________(look)likehisfather.27.Theboys______________(notbe)membersoftheSwimmingClub.28.Oneofthem____________(want)________________(fly)akiteinthepark。29.Everyoneintheclub___________(hope)_______________(play)intheWorldCup.30.Mycousin________________(study)inourschool,too.

二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Heoftenfliesakiteinthe