附錄三：英文原文(本文來源:/showtopic-9763.aspx)AutomatedWarehousingPerspectivesandTrendsAuthor:PaulSmithKeywords:Automation,AutomatedWarehousing,RealTimeWarehouseControlSystemsIntroduction:Awarehousehasbeengenerallyperceivedtobeaplacetostorethings,outofsight,andoutofmind,certainlynotanimageofhightechorsophistication.Infactmostplantmodernizationeffortshavetypicallyignoredorbypassedthewarehousecompletely.But,intoday'sivempartiufacturingandbusinessenvironment,thevitalroleofwarehousinghastobeproperlyunderstood.Thewarehouseisacriticallinkbetweenamanufacturingplantandtheexternalworldandsignificantlyaffectstheperformaneeoftheentiremanufacturingandlogisticssystem.ThetimetopayattentiontothewarehouseandtointegrateitinthematerialsupplychainIslongoverdue,especiallyinInpletely.But,intodayAutomationinwarehousingimmediatelyconjurestheimageofahigh-riseAutomatedStorageRetrievalSystem(AS/RS).Therefore,beforeproceedingwithageneraldiscussiononautomationinwarehousing,letusfirstunderstandwhatisanAS/Rs.Typically.AS/RSinvoIvestheuseofhigh-riserackswithastoragemachineoperatingwithintheaisle,servingbothsidesoftheaisle.Loadsarestoredintheracksandretrievedeitherautomaticallyorinasemi-automatedfashion.Theloadscouldeitherbeunitloadsthatarepalletized,or,insomecases,invoIvedrawersandtotesthatareusedtostoresmallerparts.TheheightsofAS/RSsystemscanvary,dependingontheapplication.Thehighestsystemsare100feethigh.Butthesearefewandfarbetween.Themainadvantagesofahigh-risestoragesystemareasfollows:Highdensityofstoragebyutilizingthecubicspaceavailableandwiththehelpofnarrowaisles.2，Tighterinventorycontrolthroughcomputerizationresultinginhigherinventoryaccuracy.3，Reducedaccessintheaisles,improvingthesecurityofthematerial.4，Increasedspaceutilizationviarandomstorageversusdedicatedspaceallocatedtodifferentparts.5，Abilitytotiethestoragesystemtothemanufacturingandthedistributionsystemsviacomputercontrol,permittingahigherlevelofsystemperformance.6，Betterutilizationofstorageandretrievalequipment.7，Reductioninmanpower.ComponentsofanAS/RS:RackStructure:AnAutomatedStorageRetrievalSystemconsistsofarackstructure.Therackscaneitheraccommodatepalletizedunitloadsortotes/binsordrawers,dependingonthesizeandcharacteristicsofthepart.Othertypesofracksarecantileverracks,flowracks,andanyotherspeciallydesignedstoragestructure.Therackopeningsaretypicallystandardized,asthecostofnon-standard,orcustomized,openingscanbesignificantlyhigherthanthoseforthestandardopenings.Thepalletsaretypicallyslavepallets,i.e.,theydonotleavethewarehousetocustomers,includingmanufacturing.Thereasonforthisistheroughusereceivedbypalletsinloading/unloadingandintransportation.DamagedpalletswithnailsorsliversstickingoutcancauseseriousproblemsintheoperationofanAS/RS.Also,therackstructurecanbeeitherfreestanding,orthebuildingcanberacksupported.Storage/RetrievalMachine:Thestorageretrieval(S/R)machineoperateswithinastorageaisle.Itsfunctionistostoreandretrieveloads.Itisdesignedforapplicationsrequiringhighlifts,fastspeeds,controlfeaturesandaccuratepositioning,notavailableinothertypesofmaterialhandlingequipment.Typically,itconsistsofastructuralframeofeitherasingleormultiplemastconstruction.Thelowerportionoftheframehaswheelswhichnormallyrunonasinglefloorrailortworails.Theframeisguidedbysupportfromthestoragestructureatthetopofthestructuralframe.ThestructuralframeoftheS/Rmachineisusedtoguidethecarriageforaccuratelocatingoftheloadasitisraisedandlowered.Thecarriagecarriesthemechanismtocarry,storeandretrievetheload.Thestorageandretrievalmechanismcaneitherbeashuttledeviceorapushpullarrangementwithapintoengage/disengagetheload.Thestorageandretrievalmechanismalsomustbeabletotransferloadstoandfromconveyors,shuttlecarsandPickandDeposit(P&D)stations..TheS/Rmachineistypicallycaptiveinasingleaisle,withoneS/Rmachineperaisle.Therearecases,however,wheretheS/Rmachinecanoperateinmorethanoneaisle.Inthiscase,atransfercarisrequiredattheendoftheaisletotransfertheS/Rmachinefromoneaisletoanother.Thechoiceofoneversustheotherconfigurationdependsonthecostandthethroughputrequirements.Typically,S/Rmachinesservicebothsidesoftheaisleandcanoperateinverynarrowaisleconfigurations,wheretheaisleisonlymarginallywiderthantheload.TheS/Rmachinescanhaveapersononboard,orcanbecompletelyunmanned.Theperson-on-boardsystemspermitlessthanafullunitloadtobepickedfromastoragelocation.P&DStations(TransferStations):PickandDeposit(P&D)stationisalocationatwhichaloadisenteringorleavingstorageissupportedinamannersuitableforhandlingbytheS/Rmachine.Thesemaybeasimpleasaforktrucksetdownsation,ashuttlecar,aconveyorizedsectionoranAutomaticGuidedVehicleSystem(AGVS).Normally,everyAS/RShasatleastonepick-upsationandonedeliverystation.P&Dstationsareusuallylocatedattheendofthestorageaisles.SometimestheP&Dstationsareintegratedwithanin-plantorwarehousetransportationsystem.OtherAutomation:InadditiontoconventionalAS/RS,therehavebeenanumberofsystemsthatdonotemploythetypicalaisle-captiveStorage/Retrievalmachines.Someoftheseformsofautomationwillbebrieflyreviewedhere.1.AutomaticGuidedVehicles(AGVs):Oneofthedeparturesfromtheaisle-captiveS/RmachineistouseAGVstonotonlytransporttheloadsbetweenmanufacturingorshippingandstorage,butalsotoandretrievetheloadsfromthestoragelocationsaswell.Inthiscase,awirepathistypicallyusedtobringthevehiclesintotheaislesandtolocateitattheappropriatehorizontallocation.Alift/lowermechanismisthenusedtoraiseorlowertheloadtoandfromtherack.Sometimes,theAGVtakesthefonnofanunmannedlifttruck.ThemainlimitationoftheAGVsystemisthelimitedheighttowhichloadscanberaised.2.Carousels:Analternativetomovingavehicle,withorwithoutapersononboard,totheloads,istomovetheloadtoaP&Dstation.Bothhorizontalandverticalcarouselsachievethisend.Verticalcarouselsprovideabetterutilizationofthecube,whilehorizontalcarouselspermitpartspickingInaconventionalmethodaswell.Carouselscanbeinterfacedwithroboticarmstoautomatethepartsstorageandretrievalprocess.ThePast:IntheU.S.automatedwarehousinginthe1960sand1970'smeantAS/RS.Oneofthedrivingforcesforthisphenomenonwasthedoublingofthevalueofbusinessinventoriesbetween1962to1972.Thevalueofthebusinessinventoriestripledbetween1972and1982.Theexplosionininventoryinthe1960'sand1970'sledtoconsiderablegrowthinwarehousecapacityandtheneedforsignificantlyincreasedcontrolofinventory.AS/RSwasthesolutionofchoice.TheearlyeuphoriaofAS/RSinthe1960sand1970sgavewaytoaratherflatdecadeinthe1980s.ThiswasduamuchslowergrowthinmanufacturingInventories,whichgrewbyonlyabout25%between1972and1982.ThecompetitionfromtheJapaneseandtheneedtocontrolmanufacturingcosts,forcedtheU.S.manufacturerstofindwaysofreducinginventories.Suddenly,thedarlingofwarehouseprofessionalsbecamesomethingthatpeopledidnotwanttotalkabout.Anumberofprojectswere.infact,abandonedmidstream.TherewereseveralAS/RSsystemsthatwerelyingemptyandhadtobedismantledinthe1980 's.AS/RSbecameabadwordduringthe1980'swhengrowthinbusinessandindustrycame,notfromagrowthininventories,butfromanincreaseinInventoryturns.Thefocuswasonreductionofinventories,smallbatchproductionandjust-in-timedelivery.Whilenoonecanarguewiththeobjectivesofjust-in-timeandreducedinventories,thetacticsadoptedbybusinesstoadoptefficientmanufacturingpracticesweretooextremeandlackedsufficientthinkingonthepartofmanagementwhenitcametowarehousing.CompaniesbegantoIndiscriminatelycutanyandallfundingforwarehouses,asInventorywas“evil”.WhatanumberofthesecompaniesdidnotrealizeisthatalthoughanumberoftheearlyapplicationsofAS/RSwerenotjustified,butseveralweredoinganexcellentJob.TheoneareainwhichAS/RSwas,andstillis,averyviableoption,isdistribution.Also,anotherdevelopmenthadtakenplaceinautomatedwarehousingsystemsinmanufacturing.Anumberofsmaller,decentralizedminiS/Rsystemsmadetheirappearanceinmanufacturinginthe1980'sI.nterestingly,thetrendindistribution,wasquitetheopposite.Thetrendhasbeentowardsgreatercentralization,andlarger,moreautomated,warehouses.Companiesbegantorealizethat,insteadofhigherinventoriesinseveralsmallerdistributioncentersspreadthroughoutthecountry,itwasmoreefficienttocentralizeinventoriesandtoshiptovariousoutlets,fromfewerdistributioncenters.Faster,andreliabletransportationsystemsmadethispossible.AutomationinControl:Theothermajorareaofgrowththatbeganduringthe1980swasrealtimewarehousecontrolsystems(RTWCS).Thecomputerrevolutionbegantopermitmassive,centralizedcomputersystemstobebrokenupanddecentralized.Decentralizedcomputingsetthestageforcontrolautomationinthewarehouse.Controlautomationblendsmaterialhandlingautomation,automaticdatacollection,andhumanresourcestoachieveComputerIntegratedWarehousing(CIW).WarehousestaffarelinkedtothecomputerviaRadioFrequencyDataTerminals(RFDT).RFDTsaretypicallyequippedwithhandheldlaserscanners.ThesesystemsarereferredtoasRealTimeWarehouseControlSystems(RTWCS).Recordsareautomaticallyandimmediatelyupdatedwhenmaterialisreceived,put-away,picked,andshipped.AnRTWCSmonitorsrequesttoput-away,moveandpickmaterial.Therequestsareloadedintoaworkqueue,whichprioritizesthem,identifiesavailableresourcesandthendispatchesthebestavailableresource.WarehousestaffandmaterialhandlingautomationcomponentsreceivedirectionfromtheRTWCS.Inmanyways,theRTWCSbecomesthedirectorofallwarehouseactivities.Forexample,iftherearenopendingworkrequests,theRTWCSmaydispatchapersoninthewarehousetoperformcyclecounting.Theresultisthatresourceutilizationisincreasedonallfronts-labour,space,equipmentandinventory.Asmoreaccurateand

timelyinformationisprovided,warehousemanagementisimproved.Awarehousemanagercanobtainthecurrentstatusofanyorder,storagelocation,inventorylevel,equipmentactivity,orlabourutilizationdemand.Materialtrackingissoprecisethatitispossibletodetermineforadesignatedpartveinhowmanyarepresentlypickedandstilltravelingwithanorderpicker.Inventoryaccuraciesofgreaterthan99%areachievable.'s.Infact,thetrend's.Infact,thetrendThefuture,intheU.S.appearstobeacontinuationofthe1980towardgreatercentralizationofdistributionwarehousesaslayersofdistributionwillbeeliminatedandthepullforthegoodswillbedirectlyfromthecentralwarehousetotheconsumerofthefinishedgoods.Thistrendwillrequirecentralizedwarehousestoperformmoresmallpicks,i.e.,moresinglecaseandindividualpartpicks.Infact,thesecondgreatestareaofgrowthinwarehousesautomationoverthenextdecadewillbeinorderpicking.TheautomatedorderpickingsystemsofthefuturewillnotbelabourIntensivebutwillhavegreaterresponsiveness,willbemoreflexibleandwillbemoremodularthansystemstoday.Insupportofthishigherthroughputorderpickingenvironment,conveyorsystemswillplayanevenmoresignificantroleinwarehousingthaninthepast.ThegreatestareaofgrowthwillbeinRealTimeWarehouseControlSystems(RTWCS).Thereducedcostsofwarehousecontrolsystemswillplacethesesystemswellwithinreachofwarehouseswhointhepastcouldnotaffordwarehouseautomation.ThereducedcostsandincreasedperformanceofwarehousecontrolsystemswillresultinautomatedwarehousecontrolsystemswithtraditionalmaterialhandlingequipmentbeingasuperioralternativetoAS/RS.附錄四：中文譯文自動化倉儲與趨勢展望作者：保羅史密斯關鍵詞：自動化，自動化倉庫，倉庫實時控制系統簡介：倉庫已被普遍認為是一個儲存東西的地方，從視線中消失，和心不煩，肯定不是高科技或復雜的圖像。事實上，大多數植物的現代化努力，通常被忽視或完全繞過了倉庫。但是，要正確理解在今天的競爭力的制造業和商業環境，倉儲的重要作用。該倉庫是一間生產工廠與外部世界，并顯著影響到整個生產和物流系統性能的關鍵環節。時間要注意倉庫，并融入物資供應鏈的情況早就應該，尤其是在印度。在倉儲自動化突然浮現了一個高層自動存儲檢索系統（形象RS的。因此，在與一對自動化倉儲進行一般性討論，讓我們先了解什么是一個AS/盧比。通常情況下。由于/遙感涉及高層貨架與存儲機內的過道操作使用，負載存儲和檢索的衣架自動或者在一個半自動化的方式。該負載可由單位負載是服務的過道兩旁。托盤，或在某些情況下，涉及抽屜和用來存儲小部分零件箱。的AS/自動化倉儲與趨勢展望作者：保羅史密斯關鍵詞：自動化，自動化倉庫，倉庫實時控制系統簡介：倉庫已被普遍認為是一個儲存東西的地方，從視線中消失，和心不煩，肯定不是高科技或復雜的圖像。事實上，大多數植物的現代化努力，通常被忽視或完全繞過了倉庫。但是，要正確理解在今天的競爭力的制造業和商業環境，倉儲的重要作用。該倉庫是一間生產工廠與外部世界，并顯著影響到整個生產和物流系統性能的關鍵環節。時間要注意倉庫，并融入物資供應鏈的情況早就應該，尤其是在印度。在倉儲自動化突然浮現了一個高層自動存儲檢索系統（形象RS的。因此，在與一對自動化倉儲進行一般性討論，讓我們先了解什么是一個AS/盧比。通常情況下。由于/遙感涉及高層貨架與存儲機內的過道操作使用，負載存儲和檢索的衣架自動或者在一個半自動化的方式。該負載可由單位負載是服務的過道兩旁。托盤，或在某些情況下，涉及抽屜和用來存儲小部分零件箱。的AS/RS系統可

以有所不同，這取決于應用程序的高度。最高的系統是100英尺高。但這些都是寥寥可數。一個高增長的存儲系統的主要優點如下：1，高存儲密度，利用三次可用空間，并在狹窄的過道幫助。2，通過在更高更嚴格的庫存準確性造成計算機化的庫存控制。3，減少了走道準入，改善材料的安全。4，54，5，有能力配合的存儲系統的制造和分銷系統通過計算機控制，允許一個系統性能更高的水平。6，更好的存儲和檢索設備利用率。7，減少人力。組成部分的AS/RS：

1。機架結構：自動存儲檢索系統包括一個機架結構。機架可以容納托盤單元負載或根據大小和部分特性/箱或抽屜零件箱。其他類型的貨架懸臂式貨架，流動架，以及任何其他專門設計的存儲結構。機架開口通常標準，作為成本不標準或定制的，開口比，可顯著為高標準的空缺。托盤托盤通常是奴隸，即他們不離開倉庫的客戶，包括制造業。其原因是使用的粗貨盤收到裝載/卸載，交通的原因。損壞的托盤用釘子或條子伸出能引起的的AS/RS經營嚴重的問題。另外，機架結構可以是自由站立，或建設可以機架支持。2。存儲/檢索機：存儲檢索（的S/R）的機器運轉在一個存儲通道。它的功能是存儲和檢索負荷。它是專為需要高升降機，速度快，控制功能和精確的定位，該框而不是在其他類型的材料處理設備提供的應用程序。通常，它由一組或單個或多個桅桿結構框架建設。在幀的下部有一個通常的單層或二軌運行軌道車輪。該框架的指導原則是支持從存儲結構在結構frame.The頂部的S結構框架/R機是用來指導準確的定位的運輸負荷，因為它是提高和降低。馬車進行的機制，攜帶，儲存和檢索的負荷。在存儲和檢索機制可以是用大頭針穿梭裝置或安排從事pushpull/脫開負載。的存儲和檢索機制還必須能夠從傳送帶轉移和負載，穿梭車，接送及存款性（P&D）的站..的S/R機通常是圈養在一個通道，與一個S/住宅每通道機。還有一些情況，但是，其中的S/R機可以在一個以上的通道。在這種情況下，轉讓汽車需要在年底的走道轉移從一個過道的S/R機到另一個。作者：相對于其他配置一個選擇取決于成本和吞吐量的要求。通常情況下，S/R型機服務雙方的過道，可以在非常狹窄的過道操作配置，那里的過道只能勉強大于負載。的S/住宅機器可以在船上的人，也可以完全無人。該人在船上制度允許負荷于一個完整的單元少從一個存儲位置挑選。3。策劃及發展部站（換乘站）：選擇與存款性（P&D）的車站是一個位置的負載是在進入或離開倉庫是支持的方式為通過的S/R機處理適當。這可能會是有一個叉車setdownsation，穿梭車，一節或一傳送帶自動導引車系統（AGV用簡單。通常，每次/RS已至少有一個回升sation和一站傳遞。策劃及發展部站通常設在存儲過道結束。有時候，策劃及發展局是一個不可或缺的一個在工廠或倉庫的運輸系統。

其他自動化：除了傳統的作為/遙感，有一個系統，不采用典型的過道，圈養存儲/檢索機的數量。這種形式的自動化部分將簡要回顧這里。1。自動導引車輛（AGV:從過道-S的俘虜離港一/R機是使用AGV勺，不只是制造或之間的交通運輸和存儲的負載，而且還和檢索以及存儲位置的負載。在這種情況下，電線路徑通常是用來使車輛的通道，并找到在適當的水平位置。電梯/低的機制，然后用于提高或降低加載和在機架上。有時，自動導引車采用的是無人駕駛叉車芬山。該自動導引車系統的主要限制是有限的高度，這可以提高負荷。2。旋轉木馬:另一種對移動車輛，或在船上沒有一個人，到負載，是將負載為P研發站。橫向和縱向的旋轉木馬，達到這個目的。垂直旋轉木馬提供了一個立方體更好地利用，而橫向輸送帶允許部分在傳統的方法，以及采摘。輸送帶接口與機器人可以自動武器的零件存儲和檢索過程。過去:在美國在1960年的自動化倉儲和1970年的就是說/遙感。造成這個現象的主要驅動力之一就是價值的商業庫存從1962年到1972年翻一番。該業務的存貨價值在1972年至1982年的三倍。