新譯林：必修三第一單元小結單元派生詞第一組1．(vt.&

n．)傷害→

(adj.)有害的→

(adj.)無害的；不會引起損傷的2.

(n.)(同一事物)不同種類；多種樣式→(adj.)各種各樣的；多方面的→

(v.)變化；改變3.(vi.&

vt.)生存；挺過(難關)→(n.)生存；幸存4.

(vi.)消失，失蹤→

(vi.)出現→

(n.)外貌；出現5.____________（adj.）農業的→___________（n．）農業6.________（n．）長度

→________（adj.）

長的7.

(n.)重要性，意義→

(adj.)有重大意義的；顯著的8.

(vi.&

vt.)呼吸→(n.)呼吸9.

(n.)死亡→(vi.)死→(adj.)死的→(adj.)致命的(adv.)非常10.

(adj.)非常壞(或非常好、非常極端)的，令人難以置信的→(adj.)可信的→v．相信→(n.)看法；信念11.

(n.)增加，增長；成長，生長→(v.)長大，生長答案1.harm;harmful;harmless

2.

variety;various;vary

3.

survive;survival

4.

disappear;appear;appearance

5.agricultural；agriculture

6.length；long

7.

significance;significant

8.

breathe;breath

9.

death;die;dead;deadly

10.

unbelievable;believable;believe；belief

11.

growth;grow第二組：1.

(n.)世界，全球；地球儀；球體

→(adj.)全球的→(adv.)全球地2.

(vi.&

vt.)申請；使用，應用→(n.)申請→(n.)申請者3.

(vt.)組織，籌備；安排，處理→

(n.)組織→

(n.)組織者4.

(n.)保護→(vt.)保護→(adj.)保護的；防衛的5.

(n.&

v．)安慰；舒適→(adj.)舒適的→(adv.)舒適地6.

(adj.)環境的

→(n.)環境

7.

(vt.)推薦；建議，勸告；介紹

→(n.)推薦；建議(vi.)做出反應，回應→(n.)響應，反應；回答，答復答案：globe;global;globally

2.

apply;application;applicant

3.

organize;organization;organizer

4.protection;protect;protective

5.

comfort;comfortable;comfortably

6.environmental;environment

7.

recommend;recommendation

8.

respond;response第三組：1.

(n.)防御；保護→(v.)防守；防護；辯護→(adj.)防衛的；防御的；辯護的2.

(adj)官方的，正式的→(adv.)官方地→(n.)辦公室3.

_____adj.貧窮的；可憐的；貧乏的；卑鄙的→_______n．貧困；困難；缺少；低劣4.

(n.)毒藥，毒物(vt)．毒害，下毒→(adj.)有毒的5.

(n.)藥劑師，藥商；化學家→

(n.)化學→

(adj.)化學的6.

(n.)結果，后果→(adj.)隨之發生的→(adv.)因此，所以7.

________

(v.)

發展；培養；開發

→__________

(n.)

發展；培養；開發

→________

(n.

)開發者，開發商

→________

(adj.

)發達的

→___________(

adj.

)發展中的8.

(n.)責任，職責→

(adj.)負責的；盡責的→

(adj.)不負責任的(n.)要求，規定→(vt.)要求答案：1.

defence;defend;defensive

2.

official;officially;office

3.poor;poverty

4.

poison;poisonous

5.

chemist;chemistry;chemical

6.

consequence;consequent;consequently

7.develop;development;developer;developed;developing

8.

responsibility;responsible;irresponsible

9.

requirement;require重要句式：1.

Welcometothejungle,

____________________(這是一片綠色的海洋)

withthesoundsofanimals.2.

Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,it

____________________(發揮著重要作用)

maintainingthefinebalanceoftheEarth’secosystem.3.

Theforest’sdifferentlevels

____________________(提供了食物和棲息之地給)

an

unbelievablevarietyofwildlife.4.

________________________(上面是大量的落葉)litteronthedarkforestfloor.5.

Eachleveloftheforestformsitsownlittleworld,

____________________(是各種生物的家園).6.

Although

____________________(瀕臨滅絕)

inotherareas,jaguarscanstillsurvivehere.7.

Whenajaguardies,atinyarmyofmicroorganisms

____________________(幫助分解它的尸體)andreturnthenutrientstotheearth.

8.

TheAmazonrainforest

____________________(使得地球生生不息)

byfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth’soxygen.9.

Thus,itisoften

____________________(被稱為)

the“lungsoftheplanet”.10.

Moreover,theAmazonrainforestis

____________________(一個物種寶庫)

thatcanbeusedforfoodormedicine.11.

Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspecies

____________________(瀕臨滅絕的危險)

becomeslonger,weareleftwithaquestion:canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”?

12.

Allofthem

____________________(提出了創造性的想法)

howtosolvetheseproblems.13.

Some

____________________(呼吁應用)

ofmoderntechnology,andothersachangeoflifestyle.14.Weuseellipsis

____________________(來避免重復)

whosemeaningsareclear.15.

ItwasorganizedbyGreenHope,anorganization

____________________(致力于保護森林的).16.

AtfirstIdidn’twanttotakepartintheforestclean-upactivity,butthenIthought,“____________________(如果沒人去怎么辦？)?”17.

Joe

____________________(把我們分成兩組):onegroupcleanedupthenorthsideoftheforest,andtheothergroupcleanedupthesouthsideoftheforest.18.

YoucansignupwithJoeifyou____________________(愿意幫忙).19.

Whenyouthinkofafearsomehunter,imagesoflionsandsharksmay

____________________(立刻躍入腦海).20.

Recentresearchbyenvironmentalscientists,however,showsthatinfact,humanbeings

____________________(對......的影響最大)

animalpopulations.21.

Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,

____________________(我們對......的影響也在不斷增加)

onanimals.22.____________________(今晚和我們一起來到演播室的)

areJamesSmith,alocalresident;VincentBrown,seniormanagerofalocalfactory;andJulieArcher,headoftheNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionCommittee.23.

It’salsogivenmeacoughthatIcan’t

____________________(變好).24.

People

____________________(傾向于把工廠與......聯系起來)

picturesofcloudsofdirtysmokeandirresponsiblebusinessmeneagertomakehugeprofits.25.

____________________(為工廠說句公道話),however,I’dliketopointoutthattheyalsotrytocontroltheamountofpollutiontheyproduce.26.

IthinkIspeakforallfactorymanagerswhenIsaywe____________________(非常關心環境)

theenvironment.27.

We’vebeen

____________________(一直在采取各種措施),includingtheuseofnew

technologies,toreducepollutionintheproductionprocess,eventhoughthesemeasuresraiseour

productioncosts.28.____________________(隨著污染水平的上升),theNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionCommitteeissearchingforwaystofighttheproblem.

29.Forexample,inmanypartsoftheworld,thepoorqualityofthelocaldrinkingwater

____________________(使發生)

terriblediseases.

30.

____________________(我們有責任保護我們的環境)

whileaimingforeconomicdevelopment.31.

First,wemust

____________________(引起公眾對這個問題的關注)

theproblemandinspirepeopletomakechoicesthatcanhelpreducewaterpollution.32.

Third,wecan

____________________(自愿參加)

clean-upactivitiessuchaspickingrubbishoutofwatersources.【答案】1.

ahugeseaofgreenalive

2.playsasignificantrolein

3.providefoodandshelterfor

4.

Abovethatisthemassofleaf

5.hometoallkindsoflivingthings

6.closetoextinction

7.helpsbreakdownitsbody

8.

breatheslifeintotheplanet

9.knownas

10.

atreasurehouseofspecies

11.

indangerofextinction

12.

comeupwithcreativeideason

13.

callfortheapplication

14.toavoidrepeatingwordsorphrases

15.devotedtoprotectingforests

16.

Whatifnobodygoes

17.

dividedusintotwogroups

18.

arewillingtohelp

19.springtomind

20.

havethegreatestimpacton

21.

sodoestheeffectwehave22.

Joiningusinthestudiotonight

23.

getridof

24.

tendtoconnectfactorieswith

25.

Indefenceoffactories

26.aredeeplyconcernedabout

27.

takingvariousmeasures

28.

Withpollutionlevelsontherise

29.

givesriseto

30.

It’sourdutytoprotectourenvironment

31.

drawpublicattentionto

32.

volunteertotakepartinReading一、重點短語（reading部分）1.

aseaof

大量的，大片的/alivewith

充滿，到處都是（活的或動的東西）【教材原句】Welcometothejungle,ahugeseaofgreenalivewiththesoundsofanimals.

(P2)[譯文]歡迎來到亞馬孫雨林，這是一片綠色的海洋，到處都可以聽到動物發出的聲音。[功能注釋]這是一個簡單句。ahugeseaofgreenalivewiththesoundsofanimals是thejungle的同位語。【邊學邊練】選擇sea的相關短語填空(1)Hewas

whenhebeganhisnewjob.(2)Theshiphitanicebergandburied

.(3)LastSunday,thestudentsinclasstwo

.aseaof

大量的，大片的[常見搭配]atsea在茫茫大海上allatsea

茫然不知所措

bysea經海路

bythesea

在海邊gotothesea去海濱(度假或野餐)gotosea去當水手【經典例句】Helookeddownandsawaseaofsmilingfaces.他往下看，看到一片笑臉。I'mallatsea.Ican'tunderstandthatproble.我簡直是一片茫然,我無法理解這個問題?！具厡W邊練】從右欄中選擇適當填空(1)Hewastheonlyman

.(2)The

aremoreimportanttousthanthedead.(3)Mymotherboughta

fishthismorning.alivewith

充滿，到處都是（活的或動的東西）[易混辨析]alive/live/livingaive:活著的,活的,其反義詞為dead,指生命從奄奄一息到精力旺盛的各種狀態。live:活著的,活的,通常作定語,指活生生的,生氣勃勃的,還可表示現場直播的。living:活著的,活的,其反義詞為dead,指包括人和動植物的生命沒有消失、仍然存在的狀態?！窘浀淅洹縏hepondwasalivewithfrogs.池塘里滿是青蛙。Thecatwasplayingwithalivemouse.貓在玩一只活老鼠。IsMrs.Smithstillliving?史密斯太太還活著嗎？【答案】(1)allatsea

(2)atsea

(3)wenttothesea(4)alive

(5)living

(6)live2.

全部倒裝【教材原句】Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.

(P3)[譯文]上面是被大量的落葉覆蓋的深色的森林地面。[功能注釋]這是一個簡單句。句中出現了全部倒裝，

正常語序的句子為

Themassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor

is

abovethat.其中that指asystemofroots?！具厡W邊練】完成句子(1)在英格蘭一所大學的講堂里坐著一位教授。InalecturehallofauniversityinEngland

____________________.(2)山頂上聳立著一棵大松樹。Ontopofthehill

____________________.(3)有個老漁夫住在河的對岸。Beyondtheriver

____________________.【基本用法】一般來說，當表示地點的介詞短語位于句首,且主語為名詞時,為了避免頭重腳輕,常使用完全倒裝。[經典例句]Onthedeskweresomeflowers.桌上放著一些鮮花。Underthetreeweresomechildren.樹下有一些孩子。Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.河的南面坐落著一個小工廠?！敬鸢浮?1)sitsa

professor

(2)standsabigpinetree

(3)livesanold

fisherman3.

be

hometo

是...的家園【教材原句】Eachleveloftheforestformsitsownlittleworld,hometoallkindsoflivingthings.(P3)[譯文]森林的每一層都形成了自己的小世界，是各種生物的家園。[功能注釋]這是一個簡單句。句中hometoallkindsoflivingthings是itsownlittleworld的同位語，

句中living

是形容詞，意為“活的，活著的”。【邊學邊練】用home/

house/

family填空(1)My

________

havelivedinthevillageforovertenyears.(2)Thereisabigtreeinfrontofmy

________

.(3)Shedoesherhomeworkat

________everynight.【易混辨析】home/

house/

family“home”的意思是“家”，主要是指一個人出生或居住的地方，房屋只是其中的一部分，因而也有“家鄉、故鄉”

(

hometown)

的意思，強調歸屬感?！癶ouse”的意思是“住宅、房屋”，一般是指家人所居住的建筑物?！癴amily”的意思是“家庭、家庭成員”，與居住的房子無關。當“family”作為整體概念的“家庭”使用時是單數，指兩個或兩個以上家庭則用“families”；當作為“家庭成員”使用時是復數。[經典例句]EastorWest,homeisbest.金窩銀窩不如自己的草窩。Therearemanynowhouseinourvillage.我們村現在有許多房子。Myfamily

areverywell.我的家人很好?！敬鸢浮?1)

family

(2)house

(3)home

4.

inturn

相應地，轉而【教材原句】Thesefrogs,inturn,feedoninsectswhicheatleavesandseeds.(P3)[譯文]相應地，這些青蛙以昆蟲為食，而昆蟲則吃樹葉和種子。[功能注釋]這是一個主從復合句。Which引導限制性定語從句，先行詞為insects，先行詞代入定語從句后為：

Insectseatleavesandseeds.，先行詞在定語從句中做主語?！具厡W邊練】選用turn的短語填空①Everyonethoughtthepaintingwasofnovalue.Butit______tobeapieceofgreatwork.②Hisproposalwas____________atthemeeting.③I_________andsawJanewassittingdirectlybehindme.④WhenImeetwithproblemsIcannotworkoutonmyown,I'll_________myclassmatesorteachersforhelp.[常見搭配]turnaround轉身

turnaway拒絕(某人)入內turndown關小；拒絕

turnin上交o把……變成

turnon打開turnoff關掉

turnout證明是，結果是turnover翻身，翻轉

turnup出現，到達，調大byturns輪流；交替【寫作佳句Pleasedon’thesitatetoturntomeforhelpwheneveryouhavetrouble

in

yourstudy.任何時候學習上遇到困難，都可以毫不猶豫地向我求助。

與介詞in搭配的常用短語inaway在某種程度上innoway

沒門intheway

擋住道路invain

徒勞ingeneral

通常，大體上indetail

詳細地inturn

輪流inreturn

作為回報inneed

需要inshape

保持體形incase

以防(萬一)【答案】①turnedout

②turneddown

③)turnedaround

④turnto5.

breakdown

出毛病，損壞;失敗，破裂，失靈;分解;;感情失控;搗毀;拆除;消除【教材原句】Whenajaguardies,atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth.(P3)[譯文]當美洲豹死亡時，一小群微生物幫助分解它的尸體，并將營養物質返回到泥土中。[功能注釋]這是一個主從復合句。句中when引導時間狀語從句。【邊學邊練】用break短語的適當形式填空①Mycar______________onmywaytoschool.②Tomhadworkedundersomuchpressureforsolongatimeandhishealth______________intheend.③Athief_________lastnightandstolealotofjewelry.④Hishouse______________lastnight.⑤Thepickpocket________thepolicemanandrunaway.⑥Thefiresuddenly______________atmidnight.⑦Weattemptedto______________thelinesoftheenemy.⑧Shetoldthestory,______________nowandthentowipethetearsfromhereyes.⑨Aneighboraskedforthemusictobeturneddownandtheparty______________.[常見搭配]breakup破裂，解散；破碎；結束；放假breakin打斷；闖入breakinto闖入；破門而入breakoff折斷；突然停止

breakout

爆發；突發breakthrough

突破，突圍[經典例句]However,eventhoughtheBeatles

broke_up

in1970,nogroupsincehasevercomeclosetobeingaspopularorsellingasmanyrecords.然而，盡管甲殼蟲樂隊在1970年就解散了，至今也沒有哪個樂隊像他們一樣受歡迎、賣出那么多的唱片。【答案】①brokedown②brokedown③brokein④wasbrokeninto⑤brokeawayfrom⑥brokeout⑦breakthrough⑧breakingoff⑨brokeup6.

breathelifeinto

給……帶來起色，注入活力【教材原句】

TheAmazonrainforestbreatheslifeintotheplanetbyfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth’soxygen.

(P3)[譯文]亞馬孫雨林能固定碳，而且生成的氧氣超過全球總量的20%，從而使得地球生生不息。[功能注釋]這是一個簡單句，byfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth’soxygen為方式狀語。【邊學邊練】完成句子①Daniel

__________________

(深吸一口氣)

and

divedintothewater.

②Thedoctortoldme

to

__________________

(深深吸氣)

andthen

__________________

(慢慢呼氣).③Fredenteredwithoutknockingand

__________________

(上氣不接下氣)，

sankintoachair.【基本用法】breathe的基本意思是“呼吸”,引申可表示“吐露”,在書面語里breathe還可引出直接引語,作“說出”解。breathe可接同源賓語。loseone'sbreath與

beoutofbreath雖然含義相同，但是

loseone’sbreath表示動作，

beoutofbreath表示狀態。[常見搭配]breathein/out吸氣/呼氣breathedeeply深呼吸[衍生詞]breath

n.

呼吸out

ofbreath氣呼呼，上氣不接下氣holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸takeadeepbreath深吸一口氣loseone’sbreath不過氣來breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的，喘不過氣來的【經典例句】Weneedsomenewpeopletobreathelifeintothisproject.我們需要一些新人來為這個項目注入活力?！敬鸢浮竣賢ookadeepbreath

②breatheindeeply,

breatheoutslowly

③outofbreath7.

be

knownas被稱為【教材原句】Thus,itisoftenknownasthe“lungsoftheplanet”.

(P3)[譯文]因此，它通常被稱為“地球之肺”?！具厡W邊練】選用介詞填空(1)Hangzhouis

known

_______

WestLake.(2)LuXunis

known_________

awriter.(3)MoYanisknown

theliteraturecircle(文學界).[常見搭配]be

knownas被稱為……,后接身份、職業等;beknownfor以……聞名,后接原因beknownto為……所熟知,后接某些人,團體或地域。[經典例句]Asisknowntousall,theInternetplaysaveryimportantpartinourlifeandwork.眾所周知，互聯網在我們的生活和工作中起著非常重要的作用。Sheisknownasawriter.她作為作家而出名。Theregionisknownforitsfinewines這個地區以出產優質葡萄酒聞名?！敬鸢浮?1)

for

(2)as(3)to8.

indangerof處于…危險之中/affordto

do承擔得起做某事/damage

n.損壞;傷害v.損害;傷害;毀壞【教材原句】Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbecomeslonger,weareleftwithaquestion:canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”?

(P3)[譯文]隨著人類活動的影響不斷增加，瀕臨滅絕的物種名單越來越長，這留給我們一個問題：我們能承擔得起損害“地球之肺”的后果嗎？[功能注釋]這是一個主從復合句，as在句中意為“隨著”，引導狀語從句，在狀語從句中，and連接了兩個并列的句子，主句為weareleftwithaquestion，冒號后解釋了aquestion的內容?！具厡W邊練】從右欄中選擇合適的詞填空(1)

Heshowedgreatbraveryin

_________

ofdanger.(2)Heisin

_________

ofthestore.

(3)Heisfarin

_________ofhisclass.

(4)In

_________

offire,call119.

(5)Areyouin_________

ofhelp?indangerof處于…危險之中[常見搭配]“in+名詞

+of”類復合介詞歸納inadvanceof

在...

前面incaseof

一旦；以防；如果，假若inchargeof

負責，管理incontrolof

管理，掌握，控制infaceof

面對infavourof

贊成；以

...為受款人inhonourof

為了向...

表示敬意；為紀念；為祝賀inlightof

根據；鑒于；由于；考慮到inmemoryof

為紀念inneedof

需要inplaceof

代替[經典例句]Thesegoodsareindangerofrobbery.這些貨物有被盜的危險。Thereisapartytonightinhonorofournewpresident.為慶祝新總經理就任，今晚有個聚會。Whoishereinplaceofthemanager?誰在這里代理經理？(6)They

_________uswithabigsupperlastnight.(7)Withpricesgoingupsofast,wecan't_________luxuries.(8)Wearewell

_________

withfoods.affordv.買得起，承受得住，提供，抽得出時間affordto

do承擔得起做某事[易混辨析]

afford/provide/

supplyafford可以帶雙賓語,一般只能用于抽象事物,還可特指經濟能力,指“供給”,或能“付出”一定的時間,在這種意義上,只能接在can或be

able

to之后。provide“供給”,“提供”;特指供給需要或有用的東西。supply“供給”,“供應”;

supply和

provide意義相近,都表“供給”但牽涉到金錢時,

privide

往往含有“免費供給”的意味,

supply一般須付錢,且不可有雙賓語。I

think

I

can

afford

this.我認為我可以負擔得起。We

provided

them(with

)board

and

lodgin.我們給他們提供食宿。We

are

well

supplied

with

foods.我們的食品供給充足。【邊學邊練】單句語法填空(9)Manybuildings

___________

(damage)duringthewararebeingrepaired.用ruin,destroy,damage的適當形式填空

(10)Aftertheearthquake,manybuildings___________

,butthelocalpeoplestillrepairedthe___________

onesandrebuiltthenewonestokeeptheirhometownfromcomingto___________

.

damage

n.損壞;傷害v.損害;傷害;毀壞【基本用法】damage的基本意思是“損害,傷害”,一般是局部地、非徹底地、可修復地；主要用作及物動詞,可用于被動結構，偶爾用作不及物動詞,表示“受到損害;

被損害”；用作名詞表示“損壞,損失”解時,可指物質上的損害,也可指精神上的損害,是不可數名詞。[常見搭配]do/causedamageto..對…造成損害damageone’shealth損害某人的健康[詞匯辨析]

damage是程度較小的“破壞”“損壞”,一般指被破壞的物品可以修復；destroy指徹底的摧毀、毀壞;它也可用于損壞抽象的東西,如名譽、計劃等；(3)ruin指經過長時間的侵蝕而毀壞,通常暗指無可挽回的傷害,但并不一定指完全毀滅。它也可用來表示抽象概念?！敬鸢浮?1)face

(2)control

(3)advance

(4)case

(5)

need(6)provided

(7)afford

(8)supplied(9)damaged

(10)

weredestroyed；damaged；ruin9.

takeaway帶走/takein

吸收【教材原句】Whenthewatergoesaway,ittakesawaythenutrientsinthesoil.(P5)[譯文]當水分流失時，它帶走了土壤中的養分。[功能注釋]這是一個主從復合句，when引導時間狀語從句。【教材原句】Thenutrientsaresoontakeninbytreerootsdeepbeneaththeground.(P5)[譯文]養分很快就被深埋在地下的樹根吸收了?！具厡W邊練】選用take的短語填空(1)Iputthetelephonedownand

_________

myworkagain.(2)Itsuccessfully_________

skynews，apopularnewschannelrunningintheUKsince1989.(3)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins，thecity

_________

anewlook.(4)He_________

hisglassesandblinkedatthem.(5)Hedidn’t

_________

whatIreadbecausehismindwasonsomethingelse.(6)Therainhasstopped;youmay

_________

yourumbrella.[常見搭配]takeaway拿走，減去；奪去takeoffvt.脫去，除去；vi.起飛，起程，成功，成名takeout拿出，取出，去除，取得（專利權）takeback

收回，取消takein

吸收，接納，欺騙，輕信，領會takeon

呈現，雇傭，承擔，擔任takeover

接管，接任，接收takeplace

發生，舉行takeaway

帶走take…forexample

以……為例take…forgranted

認為……理所當然，想當然take…intoaccount/consideration

考慮，重視takeit/thingseasy別緊張，從容takemeasures/steps采取措施【高考佳句】[2016·四川卷]Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.

睡前攝入的脂肪越多，晚上你體內的負擔就越大。【答案】(1)tookup

(2)

tookover

(3)tookon

(4)

tookoff

(5)takein

(6)take

down【課后練習】I.

單詞拼寫1.

Peoplewhoareagainstsmokingsay

it

doesgreath

toourhealth.2.

Theyprovidedfoodand

(住所)forthepoor.

3.

Thereis

a

wide

v

of

patterns

tochoosefrom.4.

Ittakes

time

and

patience

to

photograph

(野生動物).

5.

TheUK,

uniquely,hasnothad

toface

the

problem

of

(大量地)

unemployment.

6.

The

society

was

setup

to

preserve

endangered

species

from

(滅絕).7.

All

of

us

will

strugglefairlyhardto

s

if

weareindanger.

8.

Aslongas

thereis

love

inthe

heart,the

fragrance

of

carnation

willnever

(消失).

9.

The

presence

or

absence

of

clouds

can

have

animportant

i

on

temperature.10.

Smoking

can

seriously

d

your

health.【答案】1.

harm

2.shelter

3.variety

4.

wildlife

5.

mass

6.

extinction

7.

survive

8.

disappear

9.

impact

10.damageII.

單句語法填空1.

Her

book

raised

awareness

of

the

(harm)

effects

of

chemicals

on

the

world's

lakes.2.

Thereare

(variety)

stores

and

restaurantsall

under

oneroof.3.

Global

warming

hasposed

a

serious

threat

to

the

(survive)

of

animals

suchas

polarbears.

4.

The

sudden

(appear)

ofa

security

guard

caused

them

to

drop

the

money

andrun.

5.

Thereare

many

ways

to

increase

(agriculture)

efficiency

inthe

poorer

areas

of

the

world.

6.

The

(long)

of

a

paragraph

dependson

the

information

it

conveys.

7.

The

newdrug

has

great

(significant)

for

the

treatment

of

the

disease.

8.

Humans

takeinoxygen

and

(breath)

out

carbondioxide.9.

If

a

mom

faces

(dead)

threats

on

her

child,

she

will

fightangrily

like

a

bear.10.

Itis

impossible

toseparate

(believe)

from

emotion.【答案】1.

harmful

2.

various

3.

survival

4.

appearance

5.agricultural

6.length

7.

significance

8.

breathe

9.

deadly

10.

beliefIII.

完成句子1.多吃健康食品，不然你的身體遲早會垮掉。Morehealthyfood，oryou'll

.2.可能需要幾個星期你才能恢復體力。Itmay

take

afew

weeksfor

you

to

again.

3.孩子們逐一自報姓名。Thechildren

called

outtheirnames

.

這部電話用于打外線。4.This

telephone

should

outgoing

calls.

這部電話用于打外線。

這項工程由于缺乏政府的資助而不得不放棄。5.Theproject

had

to

be

abandoned

a

lackof

government

funding.

【答案】1.breakdownearlyorlate

2.

build

up

yourstrength

3.

in

turn

4.

due

to

5.be

used

forIV.

課文語法填空WelcometotheAmazonrainforest,thelargestrainforestintheworld,whichmakes

1.

_______

importantdifferenceinmaintainingthefinebalanceoftheEarth'secosystem.2.

_______(name)

aftertheAmazonRiveritcrosses

3.

_______eightcountriesonthesouthAmericancontinent.Withthe

4.

_______(rich)

biodiversity,manyspeciescanbefoundthere.Eachleveloftheforest

5.

_______(be)

hometoallkindsoflivingthings.Besides.it'sashelterforwildlifewithfood

6.

_______(provide),

formingfoodchainsandpromotingthematerialcycle.

Inaddition,itcanfixcarbonandproduceoxygen.7.

_______,duetothehuman

8.

_______(activity),theimpacttotherainforestcontinuestogrow9.

_______(rapid)

andthe

10.

_______(endanger)

speciesaremoreandmore.Canweaffordtodamagethe"lungsoftheplanet"?【答案】1.

an

2.

Named

3.

into

4.

richest

5.

is

6.

provided

7.

However

8.activities

9.

rapidly

10.endangered

Grammarandusage&integratedskills1.

comeupwith

想出，提出（計劃、想法等）【教材原句】Allofthemcomeupwithcreativeideasonhowtosolvetheseproblems.

(P6)[譯文]他們都對如何解決這些問題提出了創造性的想法。[功能注釋]這是一個簡單句。on意為“關于”，相當于about，疑問詞how+不定式作介詞on的賓語。【邊學邊練】填寫適當的介詞(1)Ihopesomeonecomes

andpicksusup.(2)

Therainiscoming

.(3)Thenewmagazinejustcame

.(4)Wehaven'tcome

aconclusionyet.[常見搭配]comedown

下落，下來comeout

出現，出版comeon

開始，快點，開始工作comeoff

舉行，表現comeby

經過cometo

蘇醒，到達，共計，突然想起[經典例句]Icameupwithagoodideatothatquestion.對于那個問題我有一個好主意。【答案】(1)by

(2)down

(3)out

(4)to

2.

callfor接（人）;要求;呼吁;需要【教材原句】Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothersachangeoflifestyle.

.(P6)[譯文]有人呼吁應用現代科技，也有人呼吁改變生活方式。[功能注釋]這是一個并列句，some...others...一些人...另一些人...，others

后省略了callfor。【邊學邊練】單句語法填空(1)

Theboycalled

forhelptothepeopleontheshore.

(2)Wearecalling

youtohelpus.(3)Yourfatherisill;youshouldcall

adoctoratonce.

(4)Peoplearecalling

freedomofallslaves.[常見搭配]callon/uponsbtodosth

號召某人干某事;

懇求，請(叫)某人干某事

.callon/uponsb

拜訪;

看望某人;callatsomewhere

登門拜訪callout

大聲叫喊

,例如

:callin

找來

;請來

(有目的

,為了某一任務

)[經典例句]Theworkersarecallingforstrikeactioninthatcountry.那個國家的工人們正在號召起來罷工Theheadmastercalledonthestudentstoworkharder.校長號召學生們更努力地學習。IcalledontheSmithsyesterday.我昨天拜訪了史密斯一家人【答案】(1)

out

(2)upon

(3)in

(4)for3.

be

devotedto

獻身于【教材原句】ItwasorganizedbyGreenHope,anorganizationdevotedtoprotectingforests.(P7)[譯文]它是由綠色希望組織的，這是一個致力于保護森林的組織。[功能注釋]這是一個簡單句。anorganizationdevotedtoprotectingforests是GreenHope的同位語，devotedtoprotectingforests是anorganization的后置定語?！具厡W邊練】單句語法填空(1)Hedevoted

tohelpingthepoor.(2)Hedevotedallhisfreetimeto

(play)

thepiano.(3)Theydevotedagreatdealofmoneyto

the

(improve)

oftherailwaystation.(4)

There

wasa

time

when

somepeople'slives

were

(devote)

simplytothecultivationofthelandorthecareofcattle.devotev.奉獻[衍生詞]devotion:奉獻devoted:忠誠的[常見搭配]devotesthto(doing)sth

把時間

(錢，精力等

)獻給某事物。devoteoneselftosb(doingsth)

獻身于或致力于(做)某事bedevotedto

獻身于[經典例句]Afterhegraduatedhecontinuedtodevotehimselftoresearch.畢業之后他繼續致力于研究工作。Theprofessorsbelievethathewasadevotedreligiouspersonwhowashopingtobenefitfromthecuringpowersofthemonument.教授們相信他是一個忠實的希望能感受石碑治愈能力的教徒【答案】(1)himself(2)playing(3)improvement

(4)devoted4.

whatif

(用于疑問句句首，尤用于詢問不希望看到的事發生時的結果)如果…怎么辦【教材原句】

AtfirstIdidn’twanttotakepartintheforestclean-upactivity,butthenIthought,“Whatifnobodygoes?”(P7)[譯文]起初我不想參加森林清理活動，但后來我想，“如果沒人去怎么辦？”[功能注釋]這是一個并列句?！具厡W邊練】完成句子(1)我今天下午不來，明天來，怎么樣

?Whatif

insteadofthisafternoon?(2)同我們一起吃午飯怎么樣？Whatif

forlunch?(3)就算我們遲到一會兒那又怎樣？

we’realittlelate?[常見用法]whatif:提出假設時,“假若……怎么辦”,

“要是……將會怎么樣”whatif:

“表示邀請或建議時,

意為“如果……怎么樣？”“如果……如何？”whatif:表示不重要,通常與

so

連用，意為“就算……那又怎樣？”[經典例句]Butwhatifsomebodydecidestobreaktherules?但是如果有人決定打破這些規則呢？Whatifwemovedthesofaoverhere?Wouldthatlookbetter?要是我們把沙發挪到這邊來會怎么樣？看上去會不會好一些？Sowhatifhewaslate.Whocares?他就是遲到了那又怎樣。誰在乎？【答案】(1)

Icametomorrow

(2)youjoinus

(3)Sowhatif5.

divide

...

into

把...分成/cleanup

打掃【教材原句】Joedividedusintotwogroups:onegroupcleanedupthenorthsideoftheforest,andtheothergroupcleanedupthesouthsideoftheforest.

(P7)[譯文]喬把我們分成兩組：一組清理森林北側，另一組清理森林南側?！具厡W邊練】單句語法填空(1)Newsstoriesareroughlydivided

twoclasses.(2)Hedividedtheapples

them.(3)Shedividedtheyoungerchildren

theolderones.divide

...

into

把...分成[常見搭配]dividefrom把...分開divideinto分成

;

分為divide...with與...分享[經典例句]Theriverdividesintotwostreamsatthispoint.這條河在此分成兩條支流。Thecircleisdividedintosections,andeachsectionrepresentsafractionofthedate.圓被分成段，每段代表日期的幾分之幾?！具厡W邊練】翻譯句子(4)我把那件事忘得一干二凈。Itwent

ofmyhead.(5)學生們輪流打掃教室。Thestudenttookturnsto

.cleanup

打掃[易混辨析]

cleanup

/

cleanoutcleanup

:

“打掃干凈，整理好

”，是對某物進行整理和打掃，使其變得更加干凈。cleanout

:

“掃除，清除，打掃干凈

”，將某物掃除掉，將其扔掉，從而達到干凈的效果。[經典例句]Iwillcleanmyoldbooksup.我要把我的舊書整理干凈。Iwillcleanmyoldbooksout.我要把我的舊書都清理掉?！敬鸢浮?1)into

(2)with

(3)from(5)

cleanout

(5)cleanuptheclassroom6.

be

willingto

do愿意做某事【教材原句】YoucansignupwithJoeifyou’rewillingtohelp.

(P7)[譯文]如果你愿意幫忙，你可以和喬簽約。[功能注釋]這是一個主從復合句。If引導條件狀語從句?！具厡W邊練】單句語法填空(1)

Moreandmorekindheartedpeoplearewilling

(donate)

theirorgansaftertheirdeath.(2)Nothingisimpossibletoa

(will)mind.世上無難事，只怕有心人。(3)Theyarewilling

(take)manualjobs.他們愿意干體力活。

willing:

adj.樂意的，愿意的；自愿的，心甘情愿的[衍生詞]unwilling:

adj.不樂意的，不愿意的willingly:

adv.樂意地，愿意地unwillingly:

adv不樂意地，勉強地[經典例句]I'mquitewillingtoaccepttheimputation.我自愿接受你的指責。He'salwayswillingtohelpout.他總是樂于幫助人。Alwaysbewillingtotrysomethingnew.你要經常渴望嘗試新事物?！敬鸢浮?1)to

donate

(2)willing

(3)totake(6)

7.

have

an

impacton

對...有影響【教材原句】Recentresearchbyenvironmentalscientists,however,showsthatinfact,humanbeingshavethegreatestimpactonanimalpopulations.

(P8)[譯文]然而，環境科學家最近的研究表明，事實上，人類對動物種群的影響最大。[功能注釋]這是一個主從復合句。that引導賓語從句?！具厡W邊練】完成句子(1)藝術的經濟影響往往被忽視和嚴重的評判。

isoftenoverlookedandbadlyjudged.(2)我們選擇的課程將來會影響我們。Theclasseswechoosecan

inthefuture.[易混辨析]

affect/influence/impactaffect作主語通常是物而不是人，指一物對另一物產生的消極影響。influence側重在思想、性格、行為等方面所產生的潛移默化的影響，也可指自然力的影響。impact是不及物動詞，對某物有強烈影響[經典例句]Thedampnessbegantoaffectmyhealth.潮氣開始影響我的健康。Thelabourenthusiasmoftheworkersstronglyinfluencedus.工人們的勞動熱情強烈地感染了我們。Highinterestrateshaveimpactedonretailspending.高利率對零售消費產生了劇烈的影響?！敬鸢浮?1)Theeconomicimpactofthearts

(2)impactus8.

so+

助動詞

/

情態動詞

/

系動詞

+

主語

表示前者的情況同樣適用于后者【教材原句】Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,sodoestheeffectwehaveonanimals.

(P8)[譯文]隨著人口的不斷增長，我們對動物的影響也在不斷增加。[功能注釋]這是一個主從復合句，主句是so

引導的倒裝句，目的是強調人類對動物的影響在日益增加，相當于

theeffectwehaveonanimalscontinuestogrowaswell。句中

so

表示前者的情況同樣適用于后者，常用結構為“so+

助動詞

/

情態動詞

/

系動詞

+

主語”?！具厡W邊練】完成句子(1)如果你們不停下來休息，他們也不停下來。Ityoudon'tstoptorest,

.(2)

如果你去海邊度假，我也去。Ifyougototheseasideforyourholiday,

.[基本用法]這一句型是主謂倒裝結構，它表示另一主語和前面所陳述的情況有著相同的肯定概念。其中

so

代替上文中的動作或狀態，表示“也是這樣”、“也是如此”。so

引導的主句中的連系動詞、情態動詞或助動詞的時態一般要和前一句中謂語動詞的時態一致。句型

Neither/Nor+

連系動詞

/

情態動詞

/

助動詞

+主語，也表示另一主語與前