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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-桂林理工大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題
Accordingtoaprominentphilosopherintoleranceisa/an()tounderstanding.
問題1選項
A.barrier
B.improvement
C.foundation
D.approach
【答案】A
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。barrier障礙,界限;improvement改進,改善;foundation基礎,創立;approach方法,途徑。句意:據一位著名的哲學家說,不寬容是理解的障礙。根據句意可推測選項A符合語境。
2.單選題
()bothsidesaccepttheagreement()alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.
問題1選項
A.Onlyif,will
B.Ifonly,would
C.Should,will
D.Unless,would
【答案】A
【解析】語法題——onlyif的用法。當onlyif位于句首時,其主句的謂語動詞要部分倒裝,根據四個選項,其謂語動詞都提前了,而只有onlyif在句首,才部分倒裝。句意:只有雙方都接受這項協議,才能在這個地區建立持久的和平。因此A選項正確。
3.單選題
Advanceinsciencemoreoftenthannotencounterspowerfulopposition,()Darwin’sTheoryofEvolution.
問題1選項
A.aswasthecasewith
B.suchasthecaseof
C.asitdidwith
D.asinthecaseof
【答案】A
【解析】考查as的用法。as在句中是關系代詞,引導非限定性定語從句,經常用于asis/wasthecasewith結構中,用具體事例說明主句的概括和結論。句意:科學的進步往往遭到強烈的反對,達爾文的進化論便是如此。因此A選項正確。
4.單選題
Sanchoremaineda______friendwhostoodbyhisfriendDonnomatterhowdifficultthehardshipsthattheyencountered.
問題1選項
A.steadfast
B.craven
C.vacuous
D.sagacious
【答案】A
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.steadfast堅定的,不變的B.craven畏縮的,怯懦的
C.vacuous空虛的,空洞的D.sagacious睿智的,聰慧的
【答案】A
【考查點】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據定語從句的句意“無論他們遇到什么困難,他支持他的朋友”可知,空格處應該表示“堅定的”的意思。因此該題選擇A項符合句意。
【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。
【句意】無論他們遇到什么困難,桑喬一直堅定地支持他的朋友。
5.單選題
Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.
Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.
Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.
Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.
Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.
Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.
Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.
1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans().
2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?
3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat().
4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture().
5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause().
6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage().
7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe()..
問題1選項
A.abandon
B.desert
C.escape
D.mummify
問題2選項
A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.
B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.
C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.
D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.
問題3選項
A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences
B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun
C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons
D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs
問題4選項
A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood
B.civilizationbegan
C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment
D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals
問題5選項
A.helivedanomadiclife
B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly
C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted
D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting
問題6選項
A.explainsindetails
B.providessomeguesses
C.doesn'tmentionitatall
D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists
問題7選項
A.stoppedhuntinganimals
B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting
C.traineddogstoaidinhunting
D.discoveredagriculture
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:D
【解析】1.根據下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”獵人和他的家人經常幾天吃不到肉,說明這些動物都躲著獵人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避;選項C正確。
2.根據第三段的內容可知,飼養植物和馴養動物的啟示是人類文明的重要步驟之一,并沒有說明人類進入了文明社會,所以選項D不正確;農業本身并沒有創造文明,但是如果沒有農業,人類不可能在一個地方定居足夠長的時間來建立一個永久的家園。也就是說,有了農業,人不必再過游牧生活。選項A正確。
3.根據原文可知,選項B在文中沒有提及;選項C和D是文中已知的信息;根據第五段的內容可知,人們從他們的經驗中掌握了種植農作物的方法。所以選項A正確。
4.根據最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農業的發現,人類停止了動物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎。選項B符合原文。
5.根據第二段的倒數第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”當某一地區的野味和植物供應被耗盡時,整個部落被迫遷移到一個新的、有希望成為更好的地區。選項C符合原文。
6.根據第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人類學家不確定人類何時或如何學會耕種。他們認為這可能是偶然觀察的結果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜測,所以選項B正確。
7.根據最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農業的發現,人類停止了動物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎。選項D符合原文。
6.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.
當我們進入數碼物件的電子時代時,最重要的是要意識到新技術已經給我們這個社會帶來了很多挑戰,其中之一就是如何在這個電子時代保存好歷史檔案記錄。更重要的是我們要知道,我們正在步入這樣一個時代:即我們今天所熟知的很多東西以及用電子方式編碼和寫入的很多東西將會永久丟失。其中一個例子就是遍布世界各地政府和大學的很多數據集由于技術的變化而被淘汰了,而且這些數據將來要么丟失,要么需要采取髙昂的“營救”措施來挽救它們。在我看來,我們正生活在一個數碼黑暗時代。因此,圖書和檔案管理員肩挑的責任就是要恪守我們這個時代崇尚歷史和出版遺產的傳統。
【答案】Asweentertheelectronicageofdigitalobjects,themostsignificantthingistorecognizethatnewtechnologieshavebroughtmanychallengestooursociety.Oneofthemishowtopreservehistoricalrecordsinthiselectronicage.Moreimportantly,wearemovingintoanerainwhichmuchofwhatweknowtoday,andmuchofwhatisencodedandwrittenelectronically,willbelostforever.Oneexampleisthatmanydatasetsfromgovernmentsanduniversitiesaroundtheworldareobsoletedduetochangesintechnology,andthatdatawilleitherbelostinthefutureorwillrequirecostly“rescue”measurestosaveit.Inmyopinion,wearelivinginadigitaldarkage.Therefore,theresponsibilityoflibrariansandarchivistsistoscrupulouslyabidebythehistoricalandpublishingheritageweupholdinourtime.
7.單選題
[A]Althoughpearlsmaybeformedbyanyshelledmollusk,themostvaluablepearlsareobtainedfrom[B]theoysters.Exceptfor[C]imitationpearls,whichareentirelyman-made,allpearlsareformedasecretionaroundanirritatingbodythatentersthesofttissueofamollusk.[D]Iftheirritatingbodyentersthemolluskbyaccident,anaturalpearlforms.
問題1選項
A.Although
B.theoysters
C.imitationpearls
D.Iftheirritatingbody
【答案】B
【解析】考查冠詞用法。B選項處oysters是復數形式,表示泛指,前面不應加定冠詞the。
8.填空題
Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate(靈長類)todisappearinmorethan100years.
Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.
Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.
Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持續的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.
Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.
____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.
____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.
____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.
____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.
____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.
【答案】F
F
T
F
T
【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.(當我們的人口在2000年開始時超過了60億,仍然遍布各大洲,每天都有幾十種動物和植物滅絕,包括100多年來第一個滅絕的靈長類動物。)可以看得出動植物物種都在減少,因此題干錯誤。
2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.(沒有特定的事件可以直接歸咎于全球變暖,洪水和干旱將會更頻繁和嚴重。)可以看出目前并沒有證據證明是人口增多引起的,因此題干錯誤。
3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.(在過去的一個世紀里,人類盡其所能控制自然。我們在河流上筑壩,砍伐森林,耗盡土壤。)通過這句話可以得出題干是正確的。
4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.(新世紀的目標是“可持續發展”。這有可能嗎?這取決于我們對人類是自然的一部分,而不是主人的理解程度。)因此可以看出,可持續發展指的并不是題干所說的“經濟發展將充分利用自然資源”,而是人類要意識到自己要和大自然共同發展,因此題干錯誤。
5.根據全文來看,作者一直都是在說明現在環境的惡劣,以及人類的責任重大,需要和自然好好相處,因此作者的意圖就是希望大家重視環境保護問題。題干表達正確。
9.單選題
TheyweretheBoyScouts()tohelpelderlypeoplecrossthestreet.
問題1選項
A.whosewasthetask
B.towhomitwasthetask
C.itwaswhosetask
D.whosetaskitwas
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句辨析。結合選項與題干可知本題考查的是定語從句。句意:他們是童子軍……幫助老人過馬路。定語從句中的it為形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式部分,故答案為C項。
10.不定項選擇題
Theweightofplasticwastecloggingtheworld’soceansthreatenstoexceedallfishby2050iftheworld’sseeminglyinsatiableappetiteforthematerialcontinuesatthecurrentexplosiverate,warnedanewreportpresentedonTuesday.
Infact,accordingtothestudybytheEllenMeaArthurFoundationalongwiththeWorldEconomicForum,“plasticsproductionhassurgedoverthepast50years,from15milliontonnesin1964to311milliontonnesin2014,andisexpectedtodoubleagainoverthenext20years.”
Thestudy—TheNewPlasticsEconomy:RethinkingTheFutureofPlastics—introducedattheopeningdayoftheWEF’sannualsummitinDavos,Switzerlandisthefirstofitskindtocomprehensivelyassessglobalplasticpackagingflows.Thereportmakesaneconomiccaseforwhatitcallsthe“NewPlasticsEconomy”,describedas“anewapproachbasedoncreatingeffectiveafter-usepathwaysforplastics;drasticallyreducingleakageofplasticsintonaturalsystems,inparticularoceans;anddecouplingplasticsfromfossilfeedstocks”.
Amongthefindings,whicharebasedoninterviewswithover180expertsandonanalysisofover200reports,thestudyestimatesthatroughly8milliontonnesofplasticsleakintotheoceaneachyear—“whichisequivalenttodumpingthecontentsofonegarbagetruckintooceaneveryminute”,Thisamountisexpectedtodoubleby2030.
“Inabusiness-as-usualscenario,theoceanisexpectedtocontain/tonneofplasticforevery3tonnesoffishby2025,andby2050,moreplasticsthanfish(byweight)”thereportcontinues.
What’smore,thereportestimatesthatonly14percentofplasticpackagingiscollectedforrecyclingandevenlessforplasticsingeneral.Aftersorting,only5percentisultimatelyretainedforsubsequentuse,whichisfarbelowglobalrecyclingratesforpaper(58percent)andironandsteel(70-90percent).
Further,thereportexaminesthecarbonimpactofplasticsproduction,giventhatover90percentarederivedfrom“virginfossilfeedstocks”.Plasticsproductionrepresentsroughly6percentofglobaloilconsumptionand“Ifthecurrentstronggrowthofplasticsusagecontinuesasexpected,theplasticssectorwillaccountfor20%oftotaloilconsumptionand15%oftheglobalannualcarbonbudgetby2050.”
Thereportarguesthatsingle-useplastics,andplasticpackagingspecifically,representsanetlossfortheeconomy,asitslimitedvalueisoutweighedbythesenegativeimpacts.Itstates:
Afterashortfirst-usecycle,95%ofplasticpackagingmaterialvalue,orUSD80-120billionannually,islosttotheeconomy.Astaggering32%ofplasticpackagingescapescollectionsystems,generatingsignificanteconomiccostsbyreducingurbaninfrastructure.Thecostofsuchafter-useexternalitiesforplasticpackaging,plusthecostassociatedwithgreenhousegasemissionsfromitsproduction,isexceedingtheplasticpackagingindustry’sprofitpool.
“Linearmodelsofproductionandconsumptionareincreasinglychallengedbythecontextwithinwhichtheyoperate,andthisisparticularlytrueforhigh-volume,low-valuematerialssuchasplasticpackaging,”saidEllenMacArthur,anaccomplishedBritishyachtswomanturnedfoundationchair.
Theresearchersconcludethatinordertogetclosertothegoalofa“circulareconomy”—where“consumptionhappensonlyineffectivebio-cycles;elsewhereusereplacesconsumption”—boththepublicandprivatesectormustworktowardsthegoalofcreatingplasticsthatcanbebothrecycledandcomposted.
1.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutNewPlasticsEconomyaccordingtothepassage?
2.AllEXCEPT()canbefoundfromthefindingsofTheNewPlasticsEconomy.
3.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?
4.Howtogetclosertothegoalofcirculareconomyaccordingtotheresearchers?
問題1選項
A.Itisanapproachbasedoncreatingevasiveafter-usepathwaysforplastics.
B.Itisanapproachreducingleakageofplasticsintonaturalsystems,inparticularlands.
C.Itisanapproachdecouplingplasticsfromironfeedstocks.
D.ItcomesfromastudyintroducedattheopeningdayoftheWEF'sannualsummitinDavos,Switzerland.
問題2選項
A.Itisestimatedthatabout8milliontonnesofplasticsleakintotheoceaneachyear.
B.Plasticsproductionrepresentsroughly6percentofglobaloilconsumption.
C.Plasticsproductionwillbe311milliontonnesandaccountfor20%oftotaloilconsumptionby2050.
D.Theoceanisexpectedtocontain/tonneofplasticforevery3tonnesoffishby2025inabusiness-as-usualscenario.
問題3選項
A.Only14percentoftheplasticpackagingisultimatelyretainedforsubsequentuseaftersorting.
B.Theglobalrecyclingratesforpaperare58%.
C.32%ofplasticpackaginggetsawayfromcollectionsystems,generatingsignificanteconomiccosts.
D.95%ofplasticpackagingmaterialvalueislosttotheeconomyafterashortfirst-usecycle.
問題4選項
A.Tomakealinearmodelofproductionandconsumptionofhigh-volume,low-valueplasticpackaging.
B.Tomakethepublicandprivatesectorworktogethertocreateplasticsthatcanbebothrecycledandcomposted.
C.Tomakeusereplaceconsumptionwhenrequired.
D.Tomakeconsumptionhappeninsustainablebio-cycles.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】
1.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutNewPlasticsEconomyaccordingtothepassage?1.根據文章,關于《新塑料經濟》,下列哪個選項是正確的?
A.Itisanapproachbasedoncreatingevasiveafter-usepathwaysforplastics.A.這是一種基于為塑料創造回避使用后路徑的方法。
B.Itisanapproachreducingleakageofplasticsintonaturalsystems,inparticularlands.B.這是一種減少塑料泄漏到自然系統,特別是土地的方法。
C.Itisanapproachdecouplingplasticsfromironfeedstocks.C.這是一種從鐵原料中分離塑料的方法。
D.ItcomesfromastudyintroducedattheopeningdayoftheWEF’sannualsummitinDavos,Switzerland.D.它來自于在瑞士達沃斯舉行的世界經濟論壇年度峰會開幕日推出的一項研究。
【考查點】事實細節題。
【解題思路】根據第三段第一句“這項名為《新塑料經濟:重新思考塑料的未來》的研究報告是在瑞士達沃斯世界經濟論壇年度峰會開幕日推出的,這是首個全面評估全球塑料包裝流動的此類研究”,理解可知,《新塑料經濟》來自于在瑞士達沃斯舉行的世界經濟論壇年度峰會開幕日推出的一項研究,D項正確。
【干擾項排除】A選項“這是一種基于為塑料創造回避使用后路徑的方法”、B選項“這是一種減少塑料泄漏到自然系統,特別是土地的方法”和C選項“這是一種從鐵原料中分離塑料的方法”定位至第三段第二句“該報告為其所謂的《新塑料經濟》提出了經濟理由,稱其為‘一種基于為塑料創造有效的使用后路徑的新方法;大幅減少塑料泄漏到自然系統,特別是海洋;以及將塑料與化石原料分離’。”可知,都與原文不符,曲解原文。
第2題:2.【選項釋義】
2.AllEXCEPT______canbefoundfromthefindingsofTheNewPlasticsEconomy.2.除了______,其他都可以在《新塑料經濟》的調查結果中找到。
A.Itisestimatedthatabout8milliontonnesofplasticsleakintotheoceaneachyear.A.據估計,每年約有800萬噸塑料泄漏到海洋中。
B.Plasticsproductionrepresentsroughly6percentofglobaloilconsumption.B.塑料生產約占全球石油消耗的6%。
C.Plasticsproductionwillbe311milliontonnesandaccountfor20%oftotaloilconsumptionby2050.C.到2050年,塑料產量將達到3.11億噸,占石油總消費量的20%。
D.Theoceanisexpectedtocontain/tonneofplasticforevery3tonnesoffishby2025inabusiness-as-usualscenario.D.在一切照舊的情況下,到2025年,海洋中每3噸魚將含有1噸塑料。
【考查點】事實細節題。
【解題思路】根據第七段最后一句“……到2050年,塑料行業將占石油消費總量的20%,占全球年度碳預算的15%”可知,C選項“到2050年,塑料產量將達到3.11億噸,占石油總消費量的20%”中的“3.11億噸”并沒有提到;而在第二段最后一句有提到“塑料產量在過去50年里激增,從1964年的1500萬噸增至2014年的3.11億噸,預計未來20年還將翻番”,可知,3.11億噸是2014年的塑料產量,C項屬于張冠李戴,不符合原文但符合題意。該題選擇C項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“據估計,每年約有800萬噸塑料泄漏到海洋中”定位至第四段第一句“……大約每年800萬噸塑料泄漏到海洋中……”,可知A項正確,屬于反向干擾;
B選項“塑料生產約占全球石油消耗的6%”定位至第六段第二句“塑料生產約占全球石油消費的6%……”,可知B項正確,屬于反向干擾;
D選項“在一切照舊的情況下,到2025年,海洋中每3噸魚將含有1噸塑料”定位至第五段第一句“在一切照舊的情況下,到2025年,海洋中每3噸魚將含有1噸塑料……”,可知D項正確,屬于反向干擾。
第3題:3.【選項釋義】
3.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?3.根據文章,下列哪個選項是錯誤的?
A.Only14percentoftheplasticpackagingisultimatelyretainedforsubsequentuseaftersorting.A.經過分類后,只有14%的塑料包裝最終保留下來供后續使用。
B.Theglobalrecyclingratesforpaperare58%.B.全球紙張回收率為58%。
C.32%ofplasticpackaginggetsawayfromcollectionsystems,generatingsignificanteconomiccosts.C.32%的塑料包裝從回收系統中流失,產生了巨大的經濟成本。
D.95%ofplasticpackagingmaterialvalueislosttotheeconomyafterashortfirst-usecycle.D.在短暫的首次使用周期后,塑料包裝材料的價值在經濟上損失了95%。
【考查點】事實細節題。
【解題思路】根據第六段第二句“在分類后,只有5%最終被保留用于后續使用,這遠遠低于紙張(58%)和鋼鐵(70%-90%)的全球回收率”,可知,經過分類后,只有5%的塑料包裝最終保留下來供后續使用,而A項“經過分類后,只有14%的塑料包裝最終保留下來供后續使用”與原文不符。故該題選擇A項正確。
【干擾項排除】
B選項“全球紙張回收率為58%”根據解題思路可知,該項正確,屬于反向干擾;
C選項“32%的塑料包裝從回收系統中流失,產生了巨大的經濟成本”定位倒數第三段第二句“令人震驚的是,32%的塑料包裝逃過了回收系統,減少了城市基礎設施,產生了巨大的經濟成本”可知,該項符合原文,屬于反向干擾;
D選項“在短暫的首次使用周期后,塑料包裝材料的價值在經濟上損失了95%”定位倒數第三段第一句“在短暫的首次使用周期后,95%的塑料包裝材料價值,即每年800億-1200億美元,被浪費在經濟上”可知,該項符合原文,屬于反向干擾。
第4題:4.【選項釋義】
4.Howtogetclosertothegoalofcirculareconomyaccordingtotheresearchers?4.如何更接近循環經濟的目標?
A.Tomakealinearmodelofproductionandconsumptionofhigh-volume,low-valueplasticpackaging.A.建立一個大容量、低價值的塑料包裝的生產和消費的線性模型。
B.Tomakethepublicandprivatesectorworktogethertocreateplasticsthatcanbebothrecycledandcomposted.B.讓公共和私營部門共同努力,生產既可回收又可堆肥的塑料。
C.Tomakeusereplaceconsumptionwhenrequired.C.在需要時以使用代替消耗。
D.Tomakeconsumptionhappeninsustainablebio-cycles.D.使消費在可持續的生物循環中發生。
【答案】B
【考查點】事實細節題。
【解題思路】根據關鍵詞circulareconomy定位至最后一段“為了更接近循環經濟的目標,即消費只發生在有效的生物循環中(consumptionhappensonlyineffectivebio-cycles),或其他使用代替消費的地方(elsewhereusereplacesconsumption);公共和私營部門都必須努力實現制造既可回收又可堆肥的塑料的目標”,可知,要更接近循環經濟的目標,就要要求公眾和個人要齊心協力共同生產出既能循環利用又能降解的塑料制品,B項“讓公共和私營部門共同努力,生產既可回收又可堆肥的塑料”符合原文。該題選擇B項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“建立一個大容量、低價值的塑料包裝的生產和消費的線性模型”定位倒數第二段“線性生產和消費模式正日益受到它們所處環境的挑戰,對于塑料包裝等大批量、低價值材料來說尤其如此”,從中可知,建立一個大容量、低價值的塑料包裝的生產和消費的線性模型日益受到挑戰,所以不是一個更接近循環經濟的目標的好辦法,該項屬于反向干擾;
C選項“在需要時以使用代替消耗”根據解題思路可知,C選項中的“whenrequired”并不符合原文的elsewhere,屬于曲解原文;
D選項“使消費在可持續的生物循環中發生”根據解題思路可知,D選項中的“sustainable”并不符合原文的effective,屬于曲解原文。
11.單選題
Creamisayellowishoil-in-water()whichformsWhenmilkisallowedtostand.
問題1選項
A.emulsion
B.albumen
C.embrocation
D.yolk
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。emulsion“乳劑”;albumen“蛋白”;embrocation“擦劑”;yolk“蛋黃”。句意:奶油是一種淡黃色的水包油乳劑,牛奶凝固就可形成奶油。選項A符合題意。
12.單選題
Everyoneknowsaboutstraight-Astudent.Theygethighgrades,allright,butonlybybecomingdullanddiligentstudents,theirnosesalwaysstuckinabook.How,then,doweaccountforPaulMelendres?Melendres,nowafreshmanattheUniversityofNewMexico,wasstudent-bodypresidentatValleyHighSchoolinAlbuquerque.Hejoinedthesoccerandbasketballteamofhisschool,exhibitedatthesciencefair,waschosenfortheNationalHonorSocietyandheachievedstraightA’sinallhisclasses.
Howdosuper-achieverslikeMelendresdoit?Brainsaren’ttheonlyanswer.“Topgradesdon’talwaysgotothebrighteststudents,”declaresHerbertWalberg,aprofessorofeducationattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago,whohasconductedmajorstudiesonsuper-achievingstudents.“Knowinghowtomakethemostofyourinnateabilitiescountsformore.Infinitelymore.”
Hardworkisn’tthewholestory,either.“It’snothowlongyousittherewiththebooksopen,”saidoneofthemany-Astudentsweinterviewed.“It’swhatyoudowhileyou’resitting.”Indeed,someofthesestudentsactuallyputinfewerhoursofhomeworktimethantheirlower-scoringclassmates.
Thekidsatthetopoftheclassgettherebymasteringafewbasictechniquesthat
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