書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南京藝術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

問題1選項

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項perceive“察覺，感知”；B選項deceive“欺騙”；C選項conceive“設想，構思，認為”；D選項receive“接收”。根據句意“我察覺到他的腿有點跛，所以我放慢了腳步。”選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

（

）Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathetoforce.

問題1選項

A.resolved

B.recurred

C.exerted

D.resorted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:自那次試驗失敗后，他訴諸武力。

resolve:決心，分解;recur:復發，重視，再發生;exert:運用，發揮。resort:求助，訴諸。此句是個強調句型，強調是狀語。Resortto訴諸,求助于。故D項符合句意。

3.單選題

Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(輟學者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.Attrition(縮/減員，磨損)atthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’

“Theresultsofourresearch,”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”

1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.

3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

31.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat___.

32.Researchhasshownthat___.

33.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.___.

34.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat___.

35.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin___.

問題1選項

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropoutD.thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

問題2選項

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.sinfinancialattainment

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies

C.D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.

D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsoutD.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree

問題3選項

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programsD.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities

問題4選項

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropoutsD.Ph.D.sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions

問題5選項

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow.

B.academicrequirementtoohigh.

C.D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.

D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.salaryfordropoutstoohigh.D.1000positions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據原文定位到第一段開頭Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(輟學者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.（教育工作者非常關注哲學博士候選人的高輟學率，以及一個需要博士生的國家隨之而來的人才流失）以及第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.（一些人認為，通過說服輟學者回到研究生院攻讀博士學位，可以減少受過良好訓練的專家和大學教師的短缺）可知一些人希望采取措施說服輟學者重回校園，選A選項“應該采取措施讓輟學者重返校園”；B選項“那些輟學的學生應該回到質量較低的學校繼續他們的學業”，C選項“擁有博士學位的人通常比輟學的人更能適應環境”以及D選項“高輟學率很大程度上是由于教員缺乏激勵”和原文不符合。因此A選項正確。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干定位到原文第二段開頭Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent（調查發現，輟學率為31%）可知輟學人數占據三分之一，D選項“大約三分之一開始攻讀博士學位的人沒有完成學業獲得學位”符合原文；第二段結尾Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（他們不僅經濟狀況良好，而且，根據這份報告，他們的收入水平并不比那些繼續攻讀博士學位的人低多少）可知A選項“在經濟成就方面，輟學者大大低于博士”和原文相悖；原文1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.（1.缺乏動力是退學的主要原因）可知B選項“激勵因素是攻讀博士學位的次要因素”和原文相悖；原文3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.（3.大多數輟學者現在從事與他們的教育和動機相一致的工作）可知C選項“如果博士候選人輟學，他很可能改變他的專業領域”和原文相悖。因此D選項正確。

33.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵字“foreignlanguagerequirements”定位到原文倒數第三段butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.（但那些提到學術原因的人以未能通過資格考試、未完成研究和未能通過語言考試為由）可推測出外語要求是博士生課程的基本組成部分，選C選項“是許多博士項目的重要組成部分”；倒數第三段Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision（近75%的退學者表示，他們的決定沒有學術原因）可知學術原因不是導致退學的主要原因，A選項“是退學最常見的原因”不符合原文；B選項“對理科考生來說比人文學科考生來說更難”以及D選項“不同的大學在難度上沒有太大的差別”原文未涉及。因此C選項正確。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干定位到原文最后一段開頭Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.（至于讓輟學學生重返校園的可能性，前景不容樂觀）可知無法得出A選項“在讓從博士學位輟學的人重新攻讀學位的問題上，樂觀主義占據了主導地位”這一結論；B選項“一個從博士學位退學的人，總的來說，沒有獲得學位所需要的條件”以及C選項“學院和大學雇傭了許多退學學生”文章無提及，因此也沒有能從文章得出這個結論這一說，排除；根據倒數第二段最后一句Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.s.tendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.（這也可能表明這樣一個事實：在博士能掙到最高工資的學術領域中，高工資仍然落后于其他領域）可以推測出D選項“博士們在非學術崗位上掙的錢比不上他們應得的”，排除。因此A選項符合題意。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據原文倒數第二段最后一句Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.s.tendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.（這也可能表明這樣一個事實：在博士能掙到最高工資的學術領域中，高工資仍然落后于其它領域）以及最后一段Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.（至于返回校園的可能性，前景不樂觀。至少有25%的退學生可能考慮返回研究生院就讀，條件是保證他們保留現有的收入水平，有些還要保留他們目前的工作）推測出高輟學率主要在于博士的薪水太低，選A選項“博士的薪水太低”；倒數第三段Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision（近75%的退學者表示，他們的決定沒有學術原因）可知學術要求太高不是導致退學的主要原因，B選項“學術要求太高”錯誤；根據第二段Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（他們不僅經濟狀況良好，而且，根據這份報告，他們的收入水平并不比那些繼續攻讀博士學位的人低多少）可知C選項“輟學者的薪水太高”屬于過度推斷；D選項“1000個職位”和原文不符。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Theseleathershoesareallmade（）.

問題1選項

A.athand

B.inhand

C.onhand

D.byband

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。A選項athand“在手邊，即將到來”，B選項inhand“在手頭，在進行中”，C選項onhand“在手邊，在場，即將發生”，D選項byhand“用手，手工的，定做的”，句意：這些皮鞋都是定做的。因此，D選項符合句意。

5.單選題

Sincetheearlynineties,the

trendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's（

）ratherthanthecompanys.

問題1選項

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:九十年代早期開始，大多數公司就傾向于經營隨需應變、隨時可用的產品和服務。這樣為顧客提供了，而不是為公司提供便利。

Suitone’sconvenience對…便利。

6.單選題

Outsidetheoffice（

）probablyinherlate60s,wearingfashionableT-shirt.

問題1選項

A.stoodablondlady

B.sawablondlady

C.ablondladystood

D.foundablondlady

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。當句子以介詞短語開頭，需要完全倒裝，也就是介詞短語+動詞+主語+剩余修飾成分，這里outsidetheoffice是介詞短語，空格部分應根據句意是“站著一位金發碧眼的老婦人”，所以這里選項A“stoodablondlady”符合題意。

7.單選題

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

問題1選項

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補足”；B:implement“實施”；C:;compliment“恭維”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通過調整你的心理狀態，你能在更短的時間里完成更多任務。結合句意，故D為正確答案。

8.單選題

AssoonasHenryfoundthegemtobe（）,hewentbacktotheshopandhadhismoneyback.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.synthetic

C.identical

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】scattered分散的,散亂的；synthetic人造的,合成的；identical同一的；conspicuous顯著的。句意：Henry一發現這個鉆石是人造的,他立馬返回商店退款。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.

Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,

thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife.

Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsaspartoftheequipmentforsurvival.

Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup.

Wearestillincontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.

Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon.

1.WhatdoyousupposewastheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?

2.Today,computersarestillinferiortomanintermsof（

）.

3.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththe

computerbecause（

）.

4.Thoughhethinkshighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?

問題1選項

A.Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthanmen.

B.Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldpreach,thoughnotaswellasmen.

C.Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.

D.Heencouragedladiestopreach

問題2選項

A.decisionmaking

B.drivesandfeelings

C.growthofreasoningpower

D.informationabsorption

問題3選項

A.inthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthehumanbrain.

B.thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotion

C.thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituation

D.computersimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindoesnotimitatecomputers/

問題4選項

A.computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife.

B.humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers.

C.theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpassthatofhumanbeings.

D.theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains.

問題5選項

A.Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.

B.Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.

C.Thereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofman

D.Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句asDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall提到關于電腦最讓人驚訝的不是它們沒有人類擅長思考，而是它們竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士對于女人布道的看法一樣，他認為讓人驚訝的是女人能布道。選項B符合題意，他為女人能布道感到開心，雖然沒有男人好。

2.文章第三段theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures提到電腦缺乏人類的動力和情感。選項B符合題意。

3.文章第四段havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefect提到在生活節奏緩慢的情況下，人類的大腦有一個固有的缺點，選項A符合題意。

4.文章倒數第二段thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain提到由硅做出來的人工智能的推理能力將會追上人腦，由此可知計算機最終會擁有和人一樣的推理能力，成為新的智能生命形式，選項A排除；作者在最后一段中提及計算機將超越人類的成就（anewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievements），并且提到智力的進化不會停止，因為人類將創造出一個新的智力物種（newspecies）選項C、D排除。所以選項B符合題意。

5.文章最后一段最后一句話thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon提到這種新的智能生命體更可能由硅組成，可知不是必須由有機物構成這個說法是對的，選項D符合題意。

10.不定項選擇題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficientconditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries________.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.Sworkforcesisthat________.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged________.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation________.

問題1選項

A.isconventionallydowngraded

B.issubjectedtogroundlessdoubts

C.hasbeenoverestimated

D.fallenvictimofbias

問題2選項

A.theU.Sworkforcehasabettereducation

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theU.Sworkforceismoreorganized

D.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

問題3選項

A.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

B.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

C.asaresultofpressureongovernment

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

問題4選項

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

D.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:作者意圖題。題干：在第一段中作者認為在貧窮國家教育的重要性____？A選項“通常受到質疑”；B選項“遭受無端質疑”；C選項“被高估了”；D選項“是偏見的受害者”。根據題干定位到第一段第一、二、三句“在貧窮國家，正規教育與經濟增長之間的關系被經濟學家和政治家廣泛誤解。毫無疑問，這兩個領域的進步對于這些社會和所有其他社會的社會、政治和智力發展是必要的；然而，傳統觀點認為，教育應該是促進窮國經濟快速發展的最高優先事項之一，這是錯誤的?！睆倪@里可以推測，作者認為教育在貧窮國家中重要，但是并不是促進窮國經濟快速發展的最高優先事項之一，即認為教育的重要性被高估了。答案選A。

第2題:事實細節題。題干：日本和美國的勞動者最大的區別是什么。A選項“美國勞動力受教育程度更高”；B選項“日本勞動力更有紀律”；C選項“美國勞動者更有組織”；D選項“日本勞動力生產效率更高”。根據題干定位到第二段最后一句話YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts（然而，研究顯示，本田、尼桑和豐田在美國的工廠達到了日本同行的約95%的生產率）從這里可以知，雖然達到了95%，但是日本的生產率更高，答案選D。選項A錯誤；B、C選項文章沒有提及。

第3題:事實細節題。題干：作者舉出我們的祖先的例子是為了顯示教育出現？選項A“人們解決溫飽之后”；B選項“人們有時間以后”；C選項“是政府部門施壓的結果”；D選項“在找到更好的食物之前”。根據題干定位到第四段最后一句話Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.（只有當人類開始以更富有成效的方式獲取食物時，才有時間做其他事情。）從這里可知，D錯誤，答案選A。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干：根據最后一段，教育的發展？A選項“隨著提高的生產率而來”；B選項“直接來自競爭環境的結果”；C選項“無法承受政治變革”；D選項“不依賴于經濟表現”。根據題干定位到最后一段第二句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficientconditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（對于先進的經濟表現所要求的復雜的政治制度來說，這種日益提高的教育水平可能是一個必要的，但不是一個充分的條件。）說明缺乏正規的教育并不能限制可以極大提高產量的世界勞動力的發展，而反之，對提高產量的限制能夠解釋為什么教育發展得沒有那么快。由此可知，提高產量優先于發展教育，答案選A。

11.單選題

Thisnewlyestablishedfundhasarangeofmedicalprogramsundertakenbyuniversities,industriallabs,oruniversity-industrycollaborativeprojects.

問題1選項

A.cooperative

B.innovative

C.lucrative

D.representative

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.cooperative合作的B.innovative發明的；創造性的

C.lucrative獲利多的；有利可圖的D.representative典型的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】這個新成立的基金的醫學項目有一系列由大學、工業實驗室或校企……項目承擔的醫學項目。由本句中的“university-industry（校企）”可知是合作項目，所以A選項“合作的”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】這個新成立的基金有一系列由大學、工業實驗室或校企合作項目承擔的醫學項目。

12.單選題

Herfamilycomplainedthatshewasoveractiveandspending______amountsofmoney.

問題1選項

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項extinct“絕種的”，B項excluding“將……排除在外”，C項excessive“過度的”，D項exclusive“獨有的，排外的”。根據overactive“過于活躍的”和amountsofmoney“一定金額的錢”可推測，空格部分表示“過多的，過度的”；只有C項符合。句意：她的家人抱怨她過于活躍，花錢大手大腳。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

13.單選題

Theyignoredhim,despitehisrepeated（）thathewasnotonthesceneofmurderthatevening.

問題1選項

A.assumptions

B.suppositions

C.affirmations

D.confirmations

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。assumption"假定,設想";supposition"猜測,推測";affirmation"斷言,認定";confirmation"證實,確認"。句意：盡管他一再申明那天晚上他不在謀殺現場，他們對他還是置之不理。選項C符合句意。

14.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問題1選項

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項deny表示“否定，否認；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒有食物可吃，那么我們會認為他發瘋了。故A項deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

15.單選題

Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedanti-intellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvain,butalsosomehowuntrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythisfeelingthereislittleuseinarguing,eitherforhistoryorliterature,orforpoetryormusic,orfortheartsingeneral.

Withothers,thereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbegroundedinaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthissoughtthroughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonlyworthwhile;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.

Thestudyandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyone;alltheartsandsciencesaresuchapproaches.Allhavetheirplaces;allaregood;andeachtouchestheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutions,afflictedbymentalarteriosclerosis,thateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionareattributedentirelytothehistorians,thesocialscientists,orthephysicalscientists.IsPepys’Diary(aliterarywork)historyorsociologyorliterature?Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistoriansfoundthatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabin,