1、. .PAGE15 / NUMPAGES15第一講 句子成分與分析句子成分英語的句子成分主要有六種：即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。（可以熟記為：主謂賓，定狀補）除了這六種主要成分之外，還有“表語”和“同位語”的說法。但表語和系動詞一起作謂語，因此劃分成分時，劃分在謂語上。同位語分為主語同位語和賓語同位語，屬于主語或賓語的一部分。主語主語表示的是句子中說的是“什么人”或“什么事”，通常放在句首。充當主語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、從句等。Westudy in NO.1 Middle School（我們在一中學習）（講述“誰”）The classroom is very clea

2、n. （這間教室非常干凈（講述“什么”）Three were absent.（三個人缺席。）（數詞做主語）To teach them English is my job.（教他們英語是我的工作。）（不定式做主語）不定式作主語時，常用形式主語it引出的句型，因此上句可以變為：It is my job to teach them English.其真正的主語是to teach them English.操練1： 請指出下列句中的主語。1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.2. There is a

3、 bird flying in the sky.3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.謂語謂語用來說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須用動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數兩方面必須保持一致。它的位置一般在主語之后。 Heis a good student (他是一名好學生。) （系動詞和表語一起做謂語）His parents are doctors. (他的父母親都是醫生。) （系動詞和表語一起做謂語）She looks well (她看起來氣色很好。)（系動詞和表語一起做謂語）.We

4、study hard.（我們努力學習。）（實義動詞作謂語）Justin has been to China twice.(賈斯汀去過中國兩次。) （助動詞和be動詞一起做謂語）We have finished reading the book.(我們已經看完了這本書。) （助動詞和實義動詞一起作謂語）You must go to bed earlier.(你必須早一點兒睡覺。) （情態動詞和實義動詞一起作謂語）操練2： 請選出下列句中的謂語。1. I dont like the picture on the wall.2. Do you usually go to school by bus?

5、3. What I want to tell you is this. 賓語賓語是動作、行為的對象。它和與物動詞一起說明主語“做什么”，位于謂語之后。賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任。賓語也分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語。She is playing the piano now（她正在彈鋼琴。）（名詞作賓語）He often helps me(他經常幫助我)（代詞作賓語）He likes to sleep in the open air.（他喜歡在露天睡覺）（不定式作賓語）We enjoy living in China.（我們喜歡住在中國。）（動名詞作

6、賓語）操練3： 請挑出下列句中的賓語。1. My brother hasnt done his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3. How many new words did you learn last class?分析句子： The sun gives us light and warmth. （us為間接賓語，light and warmth為直接賓語） 1、間接賓語多指人，直接賓語多指物。可以帶兩個賓語的動詞有：bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語

7、的前面。2、如果強調直接賓語，可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面，但間接賓語前須加介詞 “to”或“for”。接to的動詞有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。Give your mother the letter. Give the letter（直接賓語） to your mother（間接賓語.） （接for的動詞有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。）Can you find me my bag? Can you find my bag （ 直接賓語） for me（間接賓語）?

8、(這正是：人前物后看清楚，換位要加for或to。)操練4： 請劃出下列句中的直接賓語和間接賓語。1. Please tell us a story.2. My father bought a new computer for me last week.3. Mr. Brown is going to teach us chemistry next term.定語定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用“的”表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。 He is a clever boy.（形容詞作定語）His father works in a steel work.（名詞作定語

9、）There are 54students in our class.（數詞）Do you known bettys sister?（名詞所有格）He bought some sleeping pills.（現代分詞）His spoken language is good.（過去分詞）操練5：請劃出下列句中的定語。1. What is your family name?2. The boy in blue is Tom.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. There are five boys who will play the game.

10、狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子, 說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫作狀語。一般表示行為發生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.(認真地寫，慢慢地走，修飾動詞用副詞，作狀語)This material is environmentally friendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）He runs very slowly.（修飾副詞slowly, 因此very是副詞，作狀語）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修飾整個句子用副詞，作狀語）操練6：請劃出下列句中的狀語

11、。1. Every night he practices playing the piano.2. We must work hard to pass the exam.3. She loves the library because she loves books.賓語補足語現在一般認為，賓語補足語是對賓語進行進一步的補充說明。賓語補足語主要與英語與物動詞有關。這個問題分兩點來說明。1、英語中有些與物動詞，不但會涉與到一個對象(賓語)，還會使賓語產生一種結果。動詞引發賓語的結果就是賓語補足語。例如：We call him Little Tom. (稱呼的對象是him, 稱呼的結果是Littl

12、e Tom. Little Tom 就是賓語補足語。) I find smoking bad for health. (find 的對象是smoking, 結論是bad for health.)2、英語中表示看、聽之類的動詞，不僅看到一個人(賓語)，還會看到他在做什么事。賓語所做的事也是賓語補足語。例如：I saw a bird in a cage. (看到小鳥在籠子里，“在籠子里”是賓語補足語。)We heard her singing a song. (聽到她在唱歌，“在唱歌”是賓語補足語。) （這一類帶賓語補足語動詞有：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, ob

13、serve 等。）操練7： 請找出下列句中的賓語補足語。1. We call her Lily sometimes.2. I saw Jerry get on the bus.表語表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式與相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔任。表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。Eg：I am a teacher. (系動詞am + 表語 a teacher)They are on the playground now. (系

14、動詞are + 表語 on the playground.)It sounds interesting. (sound為系動詞，interesting為表語)操練8：請劃出下列句中的表語。1.The leaves have turned yellow.2. She was the first to learn about it.3. The old man is feeling better now.4. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club.同位語同位語是在名詞或代詞之后,對其作進一步解釋或說明，在語法上處于同等地位

15、。名詞、代詞、數詞、和從句等均可作同位語。如：We students should study hard. (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批學生）We all are students. (all是we的同位語，都指同樣的我們）The news that were having a holiday tomorrow is true. （從句作同位語） 隨堂測驗 (一). 指出下列句子中主語的中心詞 The student with a book is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The

16、useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usual

17、ly go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My mother is doing housework.I like playing football with

18、 you. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?(四) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next

19、 term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(六)

20、 挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired.The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject.(七) 挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name?The man downstairs was trying to sleep.(八) 挑出下列句中的狀語 Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He be

21、gan to learn English when he was eleven.With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.（九）指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分： 1.Whether well go depend on the weather . 2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily . 3. That was how they were d

22、efeated. 4.The nursery takes good care of our children . 5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow . 6.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other . 7.There are many film that Id like to see. （十）單項填空1 _ six years since I began to study English.A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was 2 Its very

23、 noisy outside. _ is going on? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 3 There must be_ near the factory.A. a book store B. book store C. books store D. books stores4 The doctor as well as the nurses _ great concern for the patients.A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing 5 Your son must be a clever

24、boy, _ he?A. is B. isnt C. must D. mustnt 6 The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among students in this school.A. open B. opening C. opened D. being opened 7 I _ go to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home.A. mustnt B. had to C. cant D. neednt 8 This room _ every morning.A.

25、 is cleaning B. is cleaned C. cleans D. cleaning 9 Glad to meet you! _ is your full name?A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 10 He is _ to lift the heavy box.A. too weak B. weak tooC. enough weak D. weak enough11 The days are _ warmer and warmer in spring.A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going 12 His

26、job is_English.A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches13 We should get ready_ others.A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with 14 Let _ do it again.A. I B. me C. he D. she 15 I found _ difficult to work together with him.A. it B. its C. that D. those答案操練1： 請指出下列句中的主語。1. The teacher with two of he

27、r students is walking into the classroom.2. There is a bird flying in the sky.3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.操練2： 請選出下列句中的謂語。1. I dont like the picture on the wall.2. Do you usually go to school by bus?3. What I want to tell you is this.操練3： 請挑出下列句中的賓語。1.My mother is doing

28、 housework.2.I like playing football with you.3. How many new words did you learn last class?操練4： 請劃出下列句中的直接賓語和間接賓語。1. Please tell usa story.2. My father bought a new computer for me last week.3. Mr. Brown is going to teach uschemistry next term. 操練5：請劃出下列句中的定語。1. What is your family name?2. The boy

29、 in blue is Tom.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. There are five boys who will play the game. 操練6：請劃出下列句中的狀語。1. Every night he practices playing the piano.2. We must work hard to pass the exam.3. She loves the library because she loves books.操練7： 請找出下列句中的賓語補足語。1. We call her Lily sometime

30、s.2. I saw Jerry get on the bus.操練8：請劃出下列句中的表語。1.The leaves have turned yellow.2. She was the first to learn about it.3. The old man is feeling better now.4. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club.當堂檢測(一). 指出下列句子中主語的中心詞 The studentwith a book is walking into the classroom. There is

31、 an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞B A C A C (三) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pr

32、onunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?(四) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell usa story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach ushistory next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She like