1、v1.0可編輯可修改動詞的語態語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主語是動作的發出者為主動語態；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。1)若賓語補足語是不帶to的不定式，變為被動語態時，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞。feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.-> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).We sa

2、w him play football on the playground.-> He was seen to play football on the playground.2)情態動詞+ be +過去分詞，構成被動語態。Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.let 的用法1)當let后只有一個單音節動詞，變被動語態時，可用不帶 to的不定式。They let the strange > The strange was let go.2) 若let后賓補較長時，let通常不用被動語

3、態，而用 allow或permit代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.-> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital短語動詞的被動語態短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a th

4、ing has never been heard of before.表示"據說"或"相信”的詞組believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understandIt is said that 據說It is reported that 據報道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that 大家認為It is suggeste

5、d that 據建議It is taken granted that 被視為當然It has been decided that 大家決定It must be remember that務必記住的是It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.不用被動語態的情況1）不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態：spread,appear, die disappear, end （vi.結束），fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit,standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, kee

6、p silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較：rise, fall, happen 是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。（錯）The price has been risen.（） The price has risen.（錯）The accident was happened last week.（） The accident happened last week.（錯）The price has raised.（） The price has been

7、raised.（錯）Please seat.（） Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動語態，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。2）不能用于被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in,shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belon

8、g toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3）系動詞無被動語態：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.4）帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last ni

9、ght.5）當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態。（卡寸）She likes to swim.（錯）To swim is liked by her.主動形式表示被動意義1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive The book sells well.這本書銷路好。This knife cuts easily.這刀子很好用。2）blame, let（ 出租），remain, keep, rent, buildI was to blame for the acciden

10、t.Much work remains.3）在need, require, want, worth （ 形容詞），deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。The door needs repairing尸 The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning.這房間應該打掃下。This book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。4）特殊結構：make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見/理解自己），have sth. done（要某人彳某事）。被動形式表示主動意義be determined, b

11、e pleased, be graduated （from）, be finished, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university.他畢業于一所有名的大學。注意：表示同某人結婚，用 marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.need/want/require/worth注意：當need, want, require, worth（

12、形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動。Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發該理了。The floor requires washing.地板需要沖洗。The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。典型例題The library needs, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned答案A. need （實意）+n /to do, need （情態）+ do,當為被動語態時，還可need + doing.本題考最

13、后一種用法，選A。如有to be clean則也為正確答案。典：done,"不可能已經"。must not do 不可以（用于一般現在時 ）。.句子的種類（一）按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。1) 陳述句(Declarative Sentences）:說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。Light travels faster than sound.光比聲速度快。（說明事實）The film is rather boring.這部電影很乏味。（說明看法）2)疑問句(Interrogative Sentences）:提出問題。有以下四種:a.般疑問句(General

14、QuestionsCan you finish the work in time你能按時完成工作嗎b.特殊疑問句(W Questions; H Questions ):Where do you live你住那兒How do you know that你怎么知道那件事c.選擇疑問句(Alternative Questions )Do you want tea or coffee你是要茶還是要咖啡d.反意疑問句（Tag-Questions）：He doesn't know her, does he他不認識她，對不對3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences）:提出請求，建議或發出

15、命令，例如:Sit down, please.請坐。6Don't be nervous! 別緊張!4)感嘆句(Exclamatory Sentences）：表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒，例如:What good news it is!多好的消息啊!（二）句子按其結構可以分為以下三類:她喜歡集郵。1） 簡單句（Simple Sentences ）:只包含一個主謂結構句子叫簡單句，例如:She is fond of collecting stamps.（主）（謂）2） 并列句（Compound Sentences ）:包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子叫并列句，句與 句之間通常用并列連詞或分號來連接，例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.（主）（謂）（主）（謂）食物很精美，但他卻沒什么胃口。3） 復合句（Complex Sentences ）:包含一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復合句， 從句由從屬連詞引導，例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我們到達電影院的時候，電影已經開演了。主句從句（三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns ）:英語中千變萬化的句子歸根