1、About Basic Theories of TCM （ 中醫基礎理論的主要內容）1. The basic theories of TCM deal primarily with basic theoretical knowledge such as physiology, pathology, and the treatment and prevention of disease. 中醫基礎理論主要闡 述人體的生理、病理及疾病的防治等基本理論知識。2.It includes yin and yang, the five elements, visceral manifestations,

2、qi, blood, body fluid, vitality, meridians, etiology, pathogenesis, and principles of disease prevention and treatment. 內容包括陰陽、五行、藏象、氣血津液精神、經絡、病因與發病、病機、防治原則等。Yin-Yang and Five Elements （陰陽五行）1 .These fall in the category of ancient Chinese philosophy with concept of materialism and dialectics. 陰陽五行本

3、屬中國古代哲學范疇，具有唯物主義和辯證法思想。2 .Yin-Yang and five elements were introduced in TCM to elucidate the structure, physiology and pathology of the body, and guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment.中醫運用陰陽學說來闡釋人體的結構、生理和病理，并用以指導臨床的診斷和治療。Explanation Of Five Elements Doctrinein TCM （五行）1. Five elements are indis

4、pensable material in human lifeinter-promotion and inter-restriction. 五要素是人類生活中不可缺少的物質，相互促進、相互制約。2. in TCM they can explain physiological and pathological changes in human body.在中醫概念中，它們可以解釋人體的生理和病理變化。Explanation Of Yin-Yang Theory in TCM （陰陽學說）1 .The structure of the body （Zang-viscera and fu-visce

5、ra） 體部結構 （臟腑、腑 ）2 .diagnosis of disease a relative imbalance between Yin and Yang （Yin syndrome or Yangsyndrome）treatment of disease.-regulatingYin and Yang to restore its relativebalance. 陰陽相對失衡的疾病診斷（陰證、陽證）治療疾病，調節陰陽恢復相對平衡Visceral Manifestation Theory （藏象學說）1. This theory deals with the physiologica

6、l functions, and pathological changes of the viscera, tissues and organs as well as their interrelationship. 研究人體各臟腑、組織器官的生理功能、病理變化及其相互關系。2. It also deal with the mutual relations between the viscera, tissues, organs and the external environment. 以及臟腑、組織器官與外界環境相互關系的學說。3.It is an important part of TC

7、M clinical diagnosis and treatment. 行辨證論治的理論基礎。 s theoretical system and serves as the theoretical basis for 是中醫學理論體系的重要組成部分，也是指導臨床各科進Qi, Blood, Body Fluid and Vitality （氣血津液精神）1.They deal primarily with the generation and actions of qi, blood, body fluid and vitality aswell as their interrelationsh

8、ip. 主要闡述氣、血、津液、精神的生成、作用及其相互關系2.It tells us that they are not only the products of zang -viscera and fu -viscera activity, but also the material basis on which both thezang -viscera and the fu-viscera function.說明氣、血、津液和精既是臟腑功能活動的產物，又是臟腑功能活動的物質基礎。Explanation （解釋）1. Qi the most essential substance maki

9、ng up the world and that everything in the universe was generated by the motion and change of Qi; the essential substance constituting the body and maintaining the life activities of the body.氣 - 構成世界最基本的物質，宇宙萬物都是由氣的運動和變化產生的，是構成身體和維持身體生命活動的基本物質。2.Body fluid a basic substance constituting the body an

10、d plays an important role in maintaining its normal life activities. It include all normal liquid in the body, such as gastric juice, intestinal juice, nasal discharges, tears. 體液是構成身體的一種基本物質，在維持其正常的生命活動中起著重要的作用。 它包括體內的所有正常液體， 如胃液、 腸液、 鼻分泌物、淚液。Meridian Theory （經絡學說）1 .This theory deals with the phys

11、iology and pathology of the meridian system as well as the interrelationship of viscera. 研究人體經絡系統的生理功能、病理變化及其與臟腑相互關系的學說。2 . It is an important part of TCM' s basic theo愚史醫基礎理論的重要組成部分。3 .The meridians and its collaterals form an organic system which links up the exterior, interior, upper and lowe

12、r parts of the body, connects the viscera, tissues and organs, and circulates qi and blood. 經絡是人體溝通表里上下、聯絡臟腑組織器官、通行氣血的一個有機體系。Etiology and Pathogenesis （病因與發病）1. The properties and characteristics of all types of pathogenic factors as well as the clinical manifestations of resulting diseases are expl

13、ained within this theory.主要闡述各種致病因素的性質、特點及所致病證的臨床表現，2.It tells us that disease occurs because of the imbalance of internal and external environment of the body. 說明疾病的發生是由于人體內外環境失調所致。Pathological Mechanism （病機）1. It elaborates the general law of pathological changes, including concepts of prosperity

14、and decline of pathogenic factors. 主要在于闡述病理變化的一般規律。2.1 t includes yin and yang, abnormalities of qi, blood and body fluid, five endogenous evils,and disturbance of the viscera and meridians.包括邪正盛衰、陰陽失調、氣血津液失常、內生五邪、臟腑經絡功能失常等方面。Principles of Treatment and Prevention （防治原則）1. It discusses the basic pri

15、nciples of treatment and prevention of diseases. 防病和治病的基本法則。2. The prevention principle is given top priority in TCM by upholding that prevention comes first.中醫學強調預防為主，主張品未病II3. It is of great significance in controlling the onset and development of illnesses.對控制疾病的發生與發展具有重要意義4. The treatment princi

16、ple incorporates a philosophy of finding and treating the root causeof an illness, increasing its own power of healing to resist and dispel pathogenic factors, and adjusting yin and yang to maintain their balance.治療法則主要包括治病求本、扶正祛邪、調整陰陽等內容。Chinese medicine （中醫）as well1. Traditional forms of medicine

17、have been used in China since the 3rd Century. Chinese medicine is very holistic and is mainly focused on the balance ofYin and Yang,as of body and mind. Chinese medicine mainly consists of natural and herbal remedies, as well as body/mind techniques. 第三世紀以來，我國開始使用傳統的醫學形式，中醫重視整體性，主要集中在 判陽平衡 以及身心平衡上，

18、中藥主要由天然和中草藥以及身心治療組成。Traditional Medicine （ 傳統醫學 ）2. Practitioners believe that every person has a life force known as-Qi從業者認為每個人都有一種被稱為氣的生命力量。3. The purpose of medicine is to establish a balance of the body s Qi.醫學的目的是建立身體的氣平衡。4. The first use of Chinese Medicine dates back to 200 B.C. 中醫的首次使用可追溯到公元

19、 前 200 年。5. The forms of Chinese Medicine include: Acupuncture/Pressure, Moxibustion, Herbal remedies, Nutritional Balance, Massage, Qi-Gong, Tai Chi and Meditation.中醫的形式有：針灸、艾灸、中草藥、營養平衡、按摩、氣功、太極和冥想。The essential Characteristics of TCM is Holistic view （the concept of wholism） and Treatment based on

20、 syndrome differentiation.中醫的本質特征是整體觀（整體觀 ）和辨證論治。Holistic View （整體感）1 .The unity and integrity of the body 身體的統一性和完整性2 .Every organ, viscera（ 內臟） and tissue has its own function and every function is a component of the general activity. E.g每個器官、內臟（內臟 ）和組織都有自己的功能，每一種功能都是一般活動的組成部分。3.1 nterrelation bet

21、ween the human body and nature 人體與自然的相互關系4.Changes in nature may directly or indirectly influence the body.自然的變化可能直接或間接地影響身體。Treatment based on syndrome differentiation （辨證論治）1. Syndrome - summary of the cause, place, and nature of a disease The essential principle in TCM in understanding and treati

22、ng disease.癥候群 -疾病的病因、部位和性質概述-中醫在認識和治療疾病中的基本原則2. Different syndrome in one disease - treated by different treatments; different diseases with the same syndrome- the same treatment.一種疾病中的不同綜合癥- 用不同的治療方法治療；不同的疾病有相同的綜合癥- 同樣的治療。Treatment Principles of TCM（中醫治療原則）The concept of wholism 整體觀辨證論治針對病源的治療增強活力

23、，驅除邪惡Treatment based on syndrome differentiationTreatment aimed at the source of diseaseStrengthening the vital and dispelling the evilRegulating Yin and Yang協調陰陽治療取決于季節、地點和個人。Treatment depend on the season, locality and individualMethods of Diagnosis（診斷方法）1.Inspection （observe）:It includes complexi

24、on and tongue （tongue coating, a layer of fur-like substance）望：包括膚色和舌頭（舌苔，一層皮毛樣物質）2.Auscultation and olfaction （Hear and smell）聞（聽覺和嗅覺）3.Inquiry （ask about background）問（詢問背景）4.Pulse-feeling and palpation （read the pulse）切（讀脈搏）Differentiation of the eight principal syndromes（八綱辯證）Yin、Yang、exterior、in

25、terior、cold、heat、deficiency、Excess陽、表、表、里、寒、熱、虛、實（內外證辨證論治）Differentiation of exterior and interior syndrome1 . It is used to describe the location and tendency of a disease.它用來描述疾病的位置和趨勢。2 .Exterior syndrome skin and hair 外部綜合癥-皮膚和頭發3.Interior syndrome disorders in the internal organ, blood and vess

26、el and bones.內部綜合癥-內臟、血管、血管和骨骼的紊亂。寒熱證辨證論治它有助于確定疾病的特殊性質。寒證-身體陽不足Differentiation of cold and heat syndromeIt helps to identify the specific nature of a disease.Cold syndrome insufficient Yang of the body熱證-陰虛陽亢其他六證辨證論治的一般原則外感、熱、虛之陽證Heat syndrome hyperfunction of Yang due to Yin deficiency陰陽辨證Different

27、iation of Yin and Yang syndromeGeneral principles of the other six syndrome differentiationYin - interior, cold and deficiency condition 陰內寒虛Yang syndromes of the exterior, heat, and excess conditionsMethods of treatment 治療方法Herbal medicine、Acupuncture、Moxibustion、Cupping、Massage、Diet therapy or foo

28、dtherapy、Guasha、Qigong Exercise中藥、針灸、艾灸、拔罐、按摩、飲食療法、食物療法、刮妙、氣功鍛煉Philosophy-Man and nature being inharmony哲學-人與自然和諧相處Man conquering nature人定勝天Holistic view a doctor treat all diseases; treating a country; human 整體觀點-醫生治療所有疾病； 治一個國家；人類Analytic view hospital is divided into small sections; look at disease locally 分析視角-醫院分為小部門；局部觀察疾病Treat the undiseased治療未患病的人Treat t