1、Lesson 62 After the fire【 New words and expressions 】 （ 15） control n. 控制in control 在控制之內(nèi)under control 在控制之下,被控制 out of control 失控control<v.> sth.I can control it. =I can manage it. 我能對付（口語）under arrest <n.> 被逮捕 smoke n. 煙（霧）smoke v. 吸煙smokey adj. 多煙的（名詞加-y, 變?yōu)樾稳菰~）smokey area 吸煙區(qū)nonsmoke

2、y area 禁煙區(qū)rain - rainy ; cloud - cloudy smoker n. 抽煙的人 heavy smoker 煙癮重的人nonsmoker 不抽煙的人Don't smoke! = No smoking! He smoked heavily. smoking area / smoking room 吸煙室 smoking apartment 火車上的吸煙車廂 cigarette = cigar n. 香煙 desolate adj. 荒涼的（與地方相連，表示無人居住, 荒無人煙的）；極度孤獨的（與人相連時）lonely adj. 孤獨的，荒涼的，偏僻的（與地方連

3、表示孤零零的，但并不表示無人居住） threaten v. 威脅的threaten to do sth.威脅著要做（與人相連）；有跡象表明It threatened to rain. 有跡象表明天要下雨了。threaten sb. with sth. 以來威脅/恐嚇某人The thief threatened him with a knife. surrounding adj. 周圍的surroundings n. 環(huán)境（在周邊的事物）atmosphere n. 大氣層 , 氛圍（在周邊的人文環(huán)境） destruction n. 破壞 , 毀滅destroy v. 破壞destructive

4、adj. 毀滅性的construct v.建設(shè)（為創(chuàng)造更好的條件）adj. 建設(shè)性的（意見）construction n. 建設(shè),建筑 construction bank 建設(shè)銀行constructivebuild v. 建設(shè)（具體的建某物） flood n. 洪水 , 水災(zāi)flood = floods 都對，都可以用，無區(qū)別 authority n. 當(dāng)局（常用復(fù)數(shù)authorities）authority n. 權(quán)威（單數(shù)） spray v.噴撒 spray sth. over/on 往上噴灑 quantity n. （數(shù)）量quantities of 大量的quality n. 質(zhì)量 r

5、oot n.根 What is the root cause?根本原因是什么？root of 的根take root 生根 come out 長出來shoot come out 發(fā)芽（ shoot n. 芽）flower come out 開花 get out 出去 patch n. 小片，顏色和周圍不同的部分patch n. （平面上的）一片, 補(bǔ)丁（本意）What is that yellow patch on the wall? 墻上那塊黃斑是什么？a patch of 一小片 ； patchesof 許多片a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of 一片, 一

6、塊 blacken v. 變黑，發(fā)暗-en后綴表示動詞，譯為 使變得”weak adj.虛弱的 一 weaken v.使變?nèi)酰魅鯊?fù)合詞（由兩個詞組合而成一個詞），如 fireman形容詞后綴派生詞（加前綴或后綴的詞）如-tion 名詞后綴；- less【課文講解】1、 Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.fight sth. 和作搏斗get it under control表示 使它得到控制“，get有 使處于某種狀態(tài)”的

7、含義，"get+語+介詞短語”作賓補(bǔ) : Get the room in order.2、 A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.a short time before 和 a short time ago 都可以與段時間相連a short time before 不久以前，從過去某一點時間算起，一段時間以前a short time ago 過去某段時間，從現(xiàn)在算起，一段時間以前for miles around 方圓幾英里（around 表示 “在周圍，向四周”）3、

8、 Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. rise up （from） 升上4、 Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.winter was coming on 冬季即將來臨（季節(jié)的

9、來臨的通用表達(dá)式）， come on 的過去進(jìn)行時形式表示的是過去將來時，它在這里表季節(jié)的“到來，來臨”：wash away 沖掉，沖走，洗掉5、 When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.put out 撲滅 order 定購type 強(qiáng)調(diào)與其他同類的東西有明顯不同的特征的種類，與kind 有區(qū)別6、 The seed was sprayed over t

10、he ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.quantity 單數(shù)時僅表示“數(shù)量 ”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：They drank a large/great /small quantity of beer last night. quantity 復(fù)數(shù)表 “大量 ”： He bought books in （large） quantities.7、 By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.take root 表示 “生根 ”，也可表某處思想/想法等“

11、扎根 ”： The idea has taken root in his mind.8、 In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.in place of 替代，取代（只能指代位置、空間，原來放的東西現(xiàn)在不在了）Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.instead of 替代+沒做的事Instead of staying home, I

12、 went to school. （此句就不能用 "in place of,而指地點空間時，既 可以用"in place of 也用以用“instead of。）”【 Summary writing 】9、 Now that all the great trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages.now that 既然 ； which 定語從句10、 To prevent thi

13、s the forest authorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.to prevent 為了預(yù)防11、 By the time it began to rain, the grass had taken root in the soil. by the time(that)至U 時候為止 (that 可以省略)，應(yīng)理解為“ before ”【 Key structures 】過去完成時和過去完成進(jìn)行時過去完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：had been +現(xiàn)在分

14、詞過去完成進(jìn)行時用于強(qiáng)調(diào)某動作在過去更早的某一段時間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，并對過去某一時刻產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，過去完成進(jìn)行時也可用來表示過去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動作，還可以表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)而得出結(jié)論。與它經(jīng)常連用的表示時間的詞有before， for， since， all day 等。在包含間接引語的句子中，如果引述詞是過去時態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時要改為過去完成進(jìn)行時。過去完成時與過去完成進(jìn)行時有時可以互換。但需要表示某個工作已經(jīng)完成時，只能用過去完成時。When I arrived, theyalre addy put the fire out.【 Special Difficulties 】Control a

15、nd Checkcontrol vt. 控制，指揮，支配，管理 n. 控制（能力），支配（能力）check vt. 檢查，核對，查看Great and Biggreat adj. 大的（強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性）， 偉大的，重大的， 重要的 Frank has just made a great decision.big adj. 大的（強(qiáng)調(diào)面積、體積、規(guī)模上的大）Soil and Groundsoil n. 泥土（能讓植物生長的），土，土地，土壤Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.ground n. 地表，地面（與土壤無關(guān)），場地，土地【 Multiple choice questions 】6 The planes c_nearly a month to plant the seed. a. did b. made c.took d.had花費時間：人作主語用 spend;用時間表達(dá)用take9 Large dof seed were used.a. weights b. measures c. tons d. amountsweight n. 重量 ； measur