1、 英語簡單句五種基本句型英語簡單句五種基本句型 基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主謂）（主謂） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主謂（主謂/系表）系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主謂賓）（主謂賓） 基本句型四基本句型四: + +InO +D(主謂間賓直賓）主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五基本句型五: + + +O（主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補）組成句子的各個組成部分叫組成句子的各個組成部分叫句子成分：1. 主語主語:是一個句子的主干部分之一是一個句子的主干部分之一,主語表明主語表明是是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名詞名詞,代詞代詞,動詞不定式動詞不定式,動名詞動

2、名詞來充當來充當.1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主主謂謂賓賓 定定狀狀補補表表2.謂語謂語:說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常由。通常由動詞充當充當.1.they 1.they workwork very hard. very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now. much better now. (

3、(系動詞系動詞: :表示狀態表示狀態, ,后面往往接形容詞或名詞。后面往往接形容詞或名詞。常見的系動詞：常見的系動詞：is ,am, are , is ,am, are , become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,gbecome,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem)row,get,go,turn,seem)注意：情態動詞注意：情態動詞和和助動詞助動詞不能單獨充當單獨充當謂語謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語成謂語.動詞常分為動詞常分為實義動詞實義動

4、詞,連系動詞連系動詞,情態動詞情態動詞和和助動詞助動詞.3. 表語表語：跟在：跟在連系動詞連系動詞后面的詞語或后面的詞語或從句從句,用來說明主語的身份用來說明主語的身份,特征特征,狀態狀態. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe .The reason why her absence is that he is ill 4.賓語賓語：動作行為的：動作行為的對象對象，說明主語做什么，說明主語做什么。一般放在。一般放在及物動詞或介詞及物動詞或介詞后面后面.

5、由由名詞名詞,代代詞詞,數詞數詞,動詞不定式動詞不定式,動名詞動名詞和和賓語從句賓語從句構成構成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.注意：注意：雙賓語雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.5.5.定語定語: :用來用來修飾修飾名詞或代詞的詞名詞或代詞的詞. .形容

6、詞形容詞, ,形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞, ,名詞名詞, ,不定式不定式, ,介詞短語介詞短語, ,不定代詞不定代詞, ,從句從句等等. . 1 1、This is a This is a redred car.car. 2 2、The building is The building is theirtheir teaching teaching building.building. 3 3、The The womanwoman doctor is my wife. doctor is my wife. 4 4、I have something I have something to

7、tell youto tell you. . 5 5、The man The man in front of the gatein front of the gate is Mr. is Mr. Li.Li. 6 6、EveryEvery student has an English book. student has an English book. 7 7、I know the boy I know the boy who is playing who is playing basketball on the playgroundbasketball on the playground.

8、.6.狀語狀語:說明動作或狀態特征說明動作或狀態特征修飾修飾用來修飾用來修飾動動詞詞,形容詞形容詞,副詞或整個句子副詞或整個句子.副詞副詞,介詞短語介詞短語,動動詞不定式詞不定式,以及以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的從句等引起的從句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.7. 賓補賓補：補充說明賓語補充說明

9、賓語。(賓語和賓補賓語和賓補之間有邏輯上的主謂關系）之間有邏輯上的主謂關系）賓語賓語+ 賓補叫賓補叫復合賓語復合賓語，復合賓語有以，復合賓語有以下幾種類型下幾種類型： 1 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 不定式不定式 2 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 分分 詞詞 3 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 名名 詞詞 4 名詞名詞 （代詞）（代詞）+ 形容詞形容詞 l1)帶to的不定式作賓補；l 例如：She asked me to call him again.l很多動詞后面都可以有這種賓補，這類動詞有：ask，tell，want，wish，would，like，like，hate等。2)不帶to的不定式作賓

10、補；l例如：We often hear the girl sing the song.l能帶這種復合賓語的動詞為感官動詞、短語動詞和使役動詞如let，feel，notice，help，make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe.l注：如果這種結構變為被動語態，不定式就必然帶to.help后的不定式可以帶to也可不帶to.3)分詞作賓補；l例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window.l現在分詞作賓補表示主動，且動作正在進行，過去分詞作賓補表示被動，或動作已完成，也可以表示請別人做某事。能帶分詞作

11、賓補的常見動詞為感官動詞：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(這三個動詞為使役動詞)等。4)名詞作賓補；l例如：We must keep it a secret.l這類復合賓語只有在有限的一些動詞后使用，常見的動詞有：name，call，make，elect，think，find，leave等lWhat he have done made him a successful man.5)形容詞作賓補。l例如：You should keep the room clean.l常見的能跟這種復合賓語的動詞有：make，keep，find，want，wish

12、，like，see，think，believe，leave等。lThe interesting story made me happy.lleave me alonelWe saw him out.l基本句型基本句型 一一l 特點特點:句子的句子的謂語動詞謂語動詞都能表達都能表達完整完整的意思。的意思。l 這類動詞叫做這類動詞叫做不及物動詞不及物動詞，后面可以，后面可以 l 跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。l 1.He came.l 2.She dances.l 3.His words works.l 4.You should work hard.l 5.Her g

13、randpa died last night.l 6.My uncle gets up early every morning.l基本句型基本句型 二二l 系動詞可分四類：系動詞可分四類：l 1）be 本身沒有什么意義本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和只起連系主語和表語的表語的 l 作用作用,后可接動詞外的任何詞；后可接動詞外的任何詞；l 2）感官動詞類）感官動詞類 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等等 l 3）表示變化：）表示變化：get, grow, become, turn, go等等l 4）表示狀態延續：）表示狀態延續：stay, keep, prove,

14、remain, stand等。等。 1.Everything looks different.2.The weather becomes cooler.3.This is an English dictionary.4.The soup smells good.5.The girl looks beautiful.6.The music sounds great. 7.The trees turn green.8.To see is to believe.9.My brother is a doctor. 基本句型基本句型 三三 特點：謂語動詞都是特點：謂語動詞都是實義動詞實義動詞，但不能表，

15、但不能表 達完整的意思，必須跟賓語，即動達完整的意思，必須跟賓語，即動 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 這類動詞叫做這類動詞叫做及物動詞及物動詞。 e.g. We like the movie. S Vo 1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. You must finish readi

16、ng these books in two weeks.6. I saw her.7. They like watching TV. 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +InO +D 特點：謂語動詞必須跟有特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個兩個賓語賓語 才能表達才能表達 完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的 直接承受者直接承受者，另一個是動作的，另一個是動作的間接承受間接承受 者。者。She gave me a book=She gave a book to me. l常常跟跟雙賓語雙賓語的動詞的動詞有：有：l（需借助（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend,

17、hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。等。l（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。等。 S V (Vt.) InO DO1.She passed him a new dress.2. John told me his idea.3.She showed her friends all the pictures4. He send m

18、e a birthdays present. S V (Vt.) O OC1.We keep the table clean.2.I saw them getting on the bus.3. 他讓我馬上回來。他讓我馬上回來。 He asked me to come back soon. 4. I asked Mary to help me.5.We call our headmaster a wise man . 基本句型基本句型 五五特點：動詞雖然是特點：動詞雖然是及物動詞及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓，但是只跟一個賓 語還語還不能表達完整的意思不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一，必須加上一 個個

19、補充成分補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。 判斷原則：能表達成判斷原則：能表達成賓語賓語 是是/做做 e.g. We made him the manager. SVOOC 按結構英語句子主要可以分成三種：按結構英語句子主要可以分成三種： 簡單句，簡單句， 并列句，復合句并列句，復合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. - 4)

20、He is Smith and he likes going hiking. 5) Hurry up, or youll be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.簡單句簡單句并列句并列句復合句復合句并列句并列句并列句并列句 復合句復合句 復合句復合句 I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.SV_O_A