1、2019上海高考英語六選四試題適合中等程度偏上分題材 針對高考中等程度偏上One生活類(A)A. Of course, you don ' t always need to wear a suit.B. Besides, men care more about dress codes than women do.C. In short-remember to keep your whole style plain and simple.D. Companies have seen that the more relaxed attitude to dress not only prom

2、otes comfort, but also encourages younger workers to stay.E. All in all, not every company allows its staff to wear earrings.F. First, let ' s look at color.Getting dressed for the officeIt ' s clear that business wear has changed in the last few yeaos both men and women. Even traditional bu

3、siness such as law companies have altered their dress codes from “ smart ” to -casusmart.1. What is less clear, however, is what “smartasual actually means. I hope to give you a few basic tips here. There are many factors involved: for example, the particular industry you work in, how much contact y

4、ou have with the public and your position in the company. The seasons even have a part to play-what is acceptable in the summer might not be in the autumn or winter.So, does “smarfcasual mean you can come to work in tracksuit bottoms and isandaS, or does it just mean that you don' t have to wear

5、 a tie?2. Fashioncolors for suits for both men and women this season are still the traditional grey, dark blue and black. You see someone wearing grey and it indicates a conservative, professional image; dark blue says you ' re trustworthy; and black always looks smart and classy. These colors d

6、on ' t have to look boring, however. Try wearing a shirt or blouse with a splash of color. Pale blue, pink or lilac are better than loud colors like bright pink and dark red.3_. Men can go for a sports-type jacket, with a shirt or smart jumper. You can wear well-cut trousers made of wool, or a g

7、ood pair of chinos. Women can wear trouser suits or skirt suits. You can also wear more fashionable trousers and a blouse, or a skirt and top. But be careful; avoid wearing baggy, loose clothes, very short skirts and lots of logos and patterns. If in doubt, go back to the suit. You need a similar at

8、titude to jewelry, bags and other accessories; you should try to resist large earrings and huge, colorful bags.4.答案：DFAC(B)A. They take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right.C. Skirts are lengthened or shortened, neck-lines are lowered

9、 or raised, and so on.D. Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.ofAB. Consequently, clothes worn only a few times have to be put aside because9being out of fashion.AC. Though less changeable, men's clothes are of better qualOstanorethan women ' s.If women are me

10、rcilessly exploited （禾用）year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.1_ When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable

11、 of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford

12、 to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have.2_No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes any thing really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability.3_There can hardl

13、y be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high- heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the const

14、antly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? 4 Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities ofstability （穩(wěn)定）and reliability （可 靠）？ That is for you to decide.答案:AB, C, A, ACA. What accounts for this culture of gene

15、rosity?B. This belief is central to the national character.C. How can a sense of generosity be cultivated?D. Americans ' generosity is rooted in selfless behavior.AB. America ' s philanthropic nature is not rescted to the rich.AC. The formal practice of philanthropy traces its origin to a Fo

16、unding Father.CharityHumanity ' 3most kind and generous desire -is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthro py慈善 行為） as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From co

17、lonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.1 Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality （節(jié)儉）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. W

18、hen he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin ' s gifts lay in wait,

19、 the tradition hetablished evolved alongside theyoungnation.2 Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role inphilanthropy ' s evolution. One of msopel heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated (種族隔離) South and opened classroo

20、m doors to a generation of African-American students.3 The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one,encouragesthe rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, ar

21、e the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Jusbefore his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote,“Philanthipraise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Franklin ' s gifts repre

22、sent a broadecjprle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people.4 America ' s greatest strength is eofact of perfection, but rather the acto

23、f perfecting.答案：AC, AB, A, C(D)A. The evidence indicates that this hypothesis applies chiefly to males.B. These points of view are widely accepted by the U.S. lawmakers.C. Finally, the authors examined the possible causes for the sex difference in sports interest.D. For example, in every society, ma

24、les participate in sports at least twice as much as females in terms of frequency or duration.E. These points challenge the bedrock assumptions of many scholars and policy makers.F. However, how can we address the issue from a broad, evolutionary perspective?Sex difference in sports interest: What d

25、oes evolution say?Sports are enormously popular, and one striking pattern is that boys and men are typically much more involved than are girls and women. This sex difference has policy implications, and it raises fundamental questions about the nature of sex differences. A recent review article by D

26、eaner, Balish, and Lombardo （2016）, published in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences analyzes the relevant theoretical work.First, the authors demonstrated that females' under-representation in sport-both as participants and spectators-generally reflects their lesser sports interest, not merely few

27、er opportunities for involvement. Moreover, this sex difference occurs in all societies described thus far, from hunters and gatherers to large contemporary societies.1.Next, the authors explored adaptive, functionahypotheses 猜想）for sports. One hypothesis holds that individuals compete in sports to

28、gain status and that non-participants monitor sports performances so they can evaluate potential competitors andallies （同盟）.2. Another hypothesis is that sports serve as courtship displays that advertise participant quality to the opposite sex. This hypothesis effectively explains some aspects of fe

29、males' sports interest.3. Although it is often assumed that socialization practices entirely cause this sex difference, the evidence that socialization plays a role remains doubtful. In particular, no systematic historical comparison has ever shown a decrease in the sex difference. Moreover, sev

30、eral studies indicate that inborn hormones contribute to males' greater sports interest.The points from this review are that the sex difference in sports interest is widespread, partly due to evolutionary pressures that differentially affected males and females, and unlikely to be fully overturn

31、ed by socialization.4. Most notably, Title IX is a U.S. law that prohibits sexual discrimination in educational opportunities, including sports, and Title IX is generally implemented under the assumption that females' sports interest is inherently equal to that of males. The present research ind

32、icates that this implementation may require revision. 答案:DACETwo科技類(A)handleA. Unfortunately, there aren' t nearly enough trained genetics counselors tocoming upsurge in demand for this type of information.B. Adults cannot do much to alter their biological lot, but what if parents could examine

33、their unborn child ' s genome?C. Cancer has become the first killer these years. That ' vshy people tend to take overtreatment with the knowledge of family history.D. Another fear is that a customer without discussing with genetics counselor can receive information via the Internet about a m

34、ultifold greater risk of breast cancer.AB. Another problem arises whether it is moral to chose to stop pregnancy because of the genome problem.AC. Attitudes toward child rearing might change along with the new technology.In a few years you will be able to order a transcript of your entire genetic co

35、de for less than $1,000.1 Two different university laboratories have developed testthat will reveal the entirety of a baby' s genetic code using just aomood sampthe mother plus a drop of saliva（垂液）from the father.Prenatal（出 生 前的） whole-genome sequencing will provide volumes of information beyond

36、 the currently available tests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Down ssyndrome or Tay-Saches disease.The three billion units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf（使 相形見的）the relative trickle（零 散）of information provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMe, which cu

37、rrently look only at perhaps about one million locations in the genome.2 Without careful panning, the new prenatal genetics might rob a childof the chance to make decisions best left until adulthood-whether or not to learn, for instance, if a mutation（突變）predicts the inevitability of Huntington '

38、;dssease 20 years hence.3 . Similar laissez0faire（M 住）action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend（預示）tragedy.Ultimately certain agency will need to develop a comprehensive policy on prenatal whole genome testing. Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls onthe medical com

39、munity to develop a guide to the most relevant genomic data for future parents.4 Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise,the secrets of our offspring gersetic code will continue to remain an unnerving cipher-or worse.答案：B AC C A(B)A. Another function of scannablechips in clothing

40、could be the ability to find out more information about the product,B. High-tech clothes will be a bestseller of IT times.C. Through smart connected devices in our homes, our shopping needs will be anticipated and taken care of.E. But what if it could soon be our clothing itself that has Internet co

41、nnect ability?F. it isn't just a dream - internet-connected clothes are already being made but are to go mainstream.Wearable technology is nothing new - activity trackers and smart watches are now as ubiquitous as trainers and glasses.1 In the not too distant future,it's highly likely that o

42、ur clothes will be almost as smart as our phones.Given we ' ve survived just fine for millennia with the clothes we have now , you might wondering what the point of connected clothing would be. Well, imagine if when you put a jacket in the washing machine, a chip in the jacket automatically puts

43、 the machine on the right laundry setting, making life just that little biteasier. 2 For instance, how it was designed, its sustainability and even a playlist made by the brand.Whilst none of these functions are things we need, the hope is that they'll enhance our clothing and the experience tha

44、t goes with wearing it.3 Onecompany leading the way is clothing care label manufacturer Avery Dennison, who have teamed up with fashion label Rochambeau and Everything to create a bomber jacket with a personalized QR code. The code in the chip then gives the wearer a number of perks such as entry to

45、 exclusive clubs, special menus at certain restaurants and a ticket to Rochambeau's next runway show.But internet-connected clothing isn't the only way fashion is combining with technology - programmatic commerce, a concept developed by global ecommerce consultancy Salmon, is set to change t

46、he way we buy clothes.4 Forexample, before you've even realized you've run out of tights, your favorite online retailer has automatically re-ordered some new ones for you based on your repurchasing patterns and an estimation of the average life cycle of your tights.So with connected clothing

47、 and homes, it may soon be that when it comes to fashion, we barely have to think about anything at all.答案:E AFCThree研究類(A)A. Those are the risks you should jump to take.B. Being better at those things meant a greater0chance of survival.C. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were

48、the fittest.D Thie ie AAhon /m i ctorf mc/afrnm /m ir fomilw and intn tho hinnor AAnrldThe Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 1 Someof us enjoy activities that would surp

49、rise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 Asthe quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to t

50、he next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren ' t wel jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200, 000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans dev

51、eloped a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. It all depends on your character.No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 3To helpyou do th

52、at, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.4 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear b

53、ecomes active.As experts continue to study the science of riskseeking, we ' ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.答案:AB,B,D,AC(B)A. This means that it ' s not that math itself hurts; rather, the anticipation ofsmath painfulB. Researchers have developed a

54、mind-reading device that can retrieve images from the person's memory with the help of brain scans.C. For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain.D. Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from

55、GroupOne saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain.E. The higher a person ' s anxiety of a Maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain.F. Most students, especially girls, are

56、 extremely scared of math.Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam?1Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants f

57、ear math. Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.Based on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants

58、in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. 2It was like the pain they wouldfeel, for

59、example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “ When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is ra