職稱英語理工類C級模擬54

第1部分：詞匯選項

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定一個意義最為

接近的選項。

1>Ihavebeentryingtoquitsmoking.

A.giveupB.pickupC.buildupD.takeup

2、Reliefworkerswereshockedbywhattheysaw.

A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried

3、TheweatherisaconstantsubjectofconversationinBritain.

A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic

4、ThisisnottypicalofEnglish,butisafeatureoftheChineselanguage.

A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idio

matic

5、Itisvirtuallyimpossibletopersuadehimtoapplyforthejob.

A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD.completely

6、Thesearedefensivebehaviorpatternswhichderivefromourfears.

A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow

7、Onlyasmallminorityofthementallyillareliabletoharmthemselvesor

others.

A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult

8、Theyhavethecapabilitytodestroytheenemyinafewdays.

A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.proba

bility

9、Wehaveneverseensuchgorgeoushills.

A.beautifulB.stretchingC.spreadingD.rolling

10、Theleaveshavebeensweptintohugeheaps.

A.loadsB.layersC.pyramidsD.piles

11>Thenewswillhorrifyeveryone.

A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.e

xcite

12>Thearticlesketchedthemajoreventsofthedecade.

A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.pres

ented

13>Iwon11toleratethiskindofbehavior.

A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take

14>Theirstyleofplayingfootballisutterlydifferentz

A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally

15、Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.

A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句提供

的是正確的信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤的信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信

息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

Trees

1.Treesareplantsthatsurviveyearafteryearandhaveasinglemain

stemcomposedentirelyofwood.Somekindsgrowtoonlytenfeet.Othersattain

heightsofmorethan350feet.Thesegiantsalsohavestemsthatareasmuch

as100feetincircumference（圓周）.

2.Over25z000differentspeciesoftreegrowaroundthewood,exceptnear

theNorthandSouthPoles.Theyallbelongtooneoftwopossiblegroups.

Theyareeitherconiferous（松類的）ordeciduous（落葉的）.Coniferoustrees

areevergreens（常綠的），suchaspineorfir,whichbearneedlelikefoliage

（葉子）allyearlong.Manydeciduoustreeshavebroadleaves,whichtheyusually

shedeachyearatthebeginningofthecoldseason.

3.Treesprovidepeoplewithahostofoils,drugszglues,candy,clothsz

fuelszandwellover10z000woodenproducts.Somehaveuniquequalitiesthat

maketheirwoodvaluableforspecialpurposes.Oneparticulartypeoftree,

forexample,isusedtomakefishingrodsbecauseitisnotstrongbutunusually

flexible.QueenslandwalnutisusedbytheelectricalindustryinAustralia,

becauseitisalmostasgoodanelectricalinsulatorasrubber.Oneofthe

worldmostunusualtreesistheteak（柚木）.Itisoneoftheheaviestofall

woodszandithasthelargestleavesofanytree.Theseenormousleavesare

twofeetsquareandtheirsurfaceissotoughandcoarsethatcabinetmakers

inIndiausethemassandpaper.Teakwooditselfissoheavythatwhenateak

treeisfirstcutdownitwillnotfloatinwater.Ittakesthreeyearsfor

thetenorfifteen-tontrunktodryoutenoughsoitwillnotsink.

4.Ofalltheworld1sbillionsoflivingtrees,thetallestisagiant

redwoodinCalifornia.Ittowers368feet.Thisredwoodtreeisanchoredand

nourishedbyamassiverootsystem.Itextendsoverthreefullacres.

16>Treesgroweverycorneroftheworld.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Thetallesttreeintheworldis368feetinheight.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Teakistheheaviesttreeintheworld.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Queenslandwalnutcanconductelectricitywell.

A.RightB.WrongC.,Notmentioned

20、Coniferoustreesnevershedleaves.

A.RightB.WrongC.,Notmentioned

21>Shorttreesareoftendeciduous.

A.RightB.WrongC.,Notmentioned

22、RedwoodonlygrowsinCalifornia.

A.RightB.Wrongc.:Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2?5段每段

選擇1個最佳標題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選

項。

ScreenTest

1.EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsigns

ofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreated

successfully.Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear,21countrieshave

screeningprogrammes.Nineofthem,includingAustralia,Canada,theUSand

Spain,screenwomenunder50.

2.Butthemedicalbenefitofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial,

partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.Also,

youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissue

isdenser.

3.ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffect

ofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimating

thewomen1scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculate

thenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.

4.ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain*sNationalRadiological

ProtectionBoard(NRPB.predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause

36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.Themodelpreferredbythe

UNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalower

figureof20cancers.

5.Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis

"notverysignificantHcomparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatare

discoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramme,theysayzdetectsbetween

300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.

6.Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiation

couldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50instead

of45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheir

n

study,theysuggestzcouldhelp"optimizethetechniqueforbreastcancer

screening.

7.HThereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreening

anditsrisks,nadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthatthestudy

shouldbeinterpretedwithcaution."Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,for

every10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausing

onelaterinlife.That*swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimisedinany

screeningprogramme."

A.HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman

B.InvestigatingtheEffectofScreening

C.EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels

D.SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation

E.TreatmentofCancers

F.FactorsThatTriggerCancers

23、Paragraph2.

24、Paragraph3.

25、Paragraph4.

26、Paragraph5.

27、A.becostly

B.harmful

C.savealife

D.stillopentodebate

E.reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer

F.reducedtotheminimum

Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermay.

28、Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are.

29、Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay

30、Radiationexposureshouldbe.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇

WaterResource

Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yet

occurrencesofshortagesanddroughts（干旱）arecausingfamineanddistress

insomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwater

supplies.Sincetheworldspopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50

yearszmanyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.

Butthatdoesn11havetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothaveto

troubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.

Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,

todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.We

cannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhich

wecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.

Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governments

shouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafee

forthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.

Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmore

economicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapest

waytoprovideirrigation（灌溉）waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scale

projects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressions（凹地）andpumpingitto

nearbycropland.

Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,

theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Rather

thanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalandregional

agenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetup

centralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.

31>Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?

A.Onlyhalfoftheworldswatercanbeused.

B.Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.

C.Halfoftheworldswaterresourceshavebeenseriouslypolluted.

D.Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources.

32、Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem.

A.isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworld

B.hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpertsinthefield

C.posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirs

D.isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevels

33>Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould.

A.bereducedtotheminimum

B.stimulatedomesticdemand

C.correspondtoitsrealvalue

D.takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts

34、Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisadvisableto.

A.buildbiglakestostorewater

B.constructbigpumpingstations

C.buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystems

D.channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocropland

35、Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupply,measuresshould

betakento.

A.guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironment

B.centralizethemanagementofwaterresources

C.increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevels

D.encouragelocalandregionalcontrolofwaterresources

弟一^扁

TheAppearanceofWoman

Women,asallresearchsuggests,aremuchmorecriticaloftheirappearance

thanmen—muchlesslikelytoadmirewhattheyseeinthemirror.Upto8out

of10womenaredissatisfiedwiththeirreflection,andmorethanhalfmay

seeadistortedimage.

Menlookinginthemirroraremorelikelytobeeitherpleasedwithwhat

theyseeorindifferent.Researchshowsthatmengenerallyhaveamuchmore

positivebodyimagethanwomen—ifanything,theymaytendtoover-estimate

theirattractiveness.Somemenlookinginthemirrormayliterallynotsee

theflawsintheirappearance.

Whyarewomensomuchmoreself-criticalthanmen?Becausewomenarejudged

ontheirappearancemorethanmen,andstandardsoffemalebeautyare

considerablyhigherandmoreinflexible.Womenarecontinuallybombardedwith

imagesoftheHidealnface.Andconstantexposuretoidealizedimagesoffemale

beautyonTV,magazinesandbillboardsmakesexceptionalgoodlooksseemnormal

andanythingshortofperfectionseemabnormalandugly.Ithasbeenestimated

thatyoungwomennowseemoreimagesofoutstandinglybeautifulwomeninone

daythanourmotherssawthroughouttheirentireadolescence.

Also,mostwomentryingtoachievetheimpossiblestandardsoffemalebeauty

haveinfactbecomeprogressivelymoreunrealisticduringthelastcentury.

In1917zthephysicallyperfectwomanwasabout5feet4inchestallandweighed

nearly10stone(英石).Even25yearsago,topmodelsandbeautyqueensweighed

only8%lessthantheaveragewomenznowtheyweigh23%less.Thecurrent

mediaidealforwomenisachievablebylessthan5%ofthefemalepopulation—and

that1sjustintermsofweightandsize.Ifyouwanttheidealshape,face

etc.,it1sprobablymorelike1%.

36>Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.explainaphenomenonB.comparetwofacts

C.makeasuggestionD.strengthenacurrenttheory

37、Thedifferencebetweenmenandwomenwhentheylookintothemirroris

that.

A.womenstaylongerbeforethemirrorthanmen

B.womenfeelmorecomfortableabouttheirappearancethanmen

C.women,morethanmen,comeawayfromthemirrorfeelingunsatisfied

D.women1slooksbeforethemirrorappearmoredistortedthanmen

38、Thephrase"bombardedwith"(Para.3.)couldbestbereplacedby.

A.deniedB.doubtfulof

C.veryproudofD.influencedby

39、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutthephysicallyperfectwoman

in1917?

A.Shewasnotverymuchdifferentfromtheaveragewomen.

B.Shewashardlyachievablebythefemalepopulation.

C.Shelookedintothemirrormoreoftenthanwomentoday.

D.Shewasregardedperfectonlyintermsofherface.

40、Todayperfectwomanisachievable,intermsofeveryphysicalaspect,

bywhichofthefollowingpercentageofthefemalepopulation?

A.23%B.8%

C.5%D.l%

卯一

WingedRobotLearnstoFly-

Learninghowtoflytooknaturemillionsofyearsoftrialanderror—but

awingedrobothascrackeditinonlyafewhours,usingthesameevolutionary

principles.

KristerWolffandPeterNordinofChalmersUniversityofTechnology(CUT)

inGothenburg,Sweden,builtawingedrobotandsetabouttestingwhether

itcouldlearntoflybyitselfzwithoutanypre-programmeddataonwhatflapping

isorhowtodoit.

Tobeginwith,therobotjusttwitchedandjerkederratically.But,gradually,

itmademovementsthatgainedheight.Atfirst,itcheated—simplystanding

onitswingtipswasoneearlyshortcut.Afterthreehours,however,the

robotabandonedsuchmethodsinfavorofamoreeffectiveflappingtechnique

whereitrotateditswingsthrough90degreesandraisedthembeforetwisting

thembacktothehorizontalandpushingdown.

"Thistellsusthatthiskindofevolutioniscapableofcomingupwith

flyingmotion,nsaysPeterBentley,whoworksonevolutionarycomputingat

UniversityCollegeLondon.Butwhiletherobothadworkedouthowbestto

producelift,itwasnotabouttotakeoff."There1sonlysomuchthatevolution

cando,"Bentleysays."Thisthingisnevergoingtoflybecausethemotors

willneverhavethestrengthtodoit,nhesays.

Therobothadmetre-longwingsmadefrombalsawoodandcoveredwitha

lightplasticfilm.Smallmotorsontherobotletitmoveitswingsforwards

orbackwards,upordownortwistthemineitherdirection.

Theteamattachedtherobottotwoverticalrodszsoitcouldslideup

anddown.Atthestartofatestztherobotwassuspendedbyanelasticband.

Amovementdetectormeasuredhowmuchlift,ifany,therobotproducedfor

anygivenmovement.Acomputerprogramfedtherobotrandominstructions,

attherateof20persecond,totestitsflappingabilities.Eachinstruction

toldtheroboteithertodonothingortomovethewingsslightlyinthevarious

directions.

Feedbackfromthemovementdetectorlettheprogramworkoutwhichsets

ofinstructionswerebestatproducinglift.Themostsuccessfuloneswere

pairedupand"offspring11setsofinstructionsweregeneratedbyswapping

instructionsrandomlybetweensuccessfulpairs.Thesenext-generation

instructionswerethensenttotherobotandevaluatedbeforebreedinganew

generation,andtheprocesswasrepeated.

41、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofwhatismentionedaboutthewinged

robotinthesecondparagraph?

A.ThetwoprofessorsofCUTbuiltthewingedrobot.

B.ThetwoprofessorsofCUTtestedwhetherthewingedrobotcouldlearn

tofly.

C.ThetwoprofessorsofCUTprogrammedthedataonhowtherobotflapped

itswings.

D.ThetwoprofessorsofCUTtriedtofindoutiftherobotcouldfly

byitself.

42、Howdidtherobotbehaveatthebeginningofthetest?

A.Itrotateditswingsthrough90degrees.

B.Ittwitchedbutgraduallygainedheight.

C.Itwastwitchedandbrokedown.

D.Itlandednotlongafterthetest.

43、WhichofthefollowingisnearesttoPeterBentley1sviewonthewinged

robot?

A.Thewingedrobotcouldneverreallyfly.

B.Thewingedrobotdidnothaveamotor.

C.Thewingedrobotshouldgothroughfurtherevolutionbeforeitcould

fly.

D.Therobotcouldflyifitwerelighter.

44、Whatmeasuredhowmuchlifttherobotproduced?

A.Twoverticalrods.B.Amovementdetector.

C.Anelasticband.D.BothBandC.

45、Whatdoes"theprocess'*appearinginthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Pairingupsuccessfulinstructions.

B.Sendinginstructionstotherobot.

C.Generatingnewsetsofinstructionsforevaluation.

D.Alltheabove.

第5部分：補全短文

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分

別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

TheMagicofSound

Musicisoneofthemostbeautifulformsofartisticexpressionseverinvented.

Inmoviesandplayszmusichasanaddedfunction：itnotonlymovespeople

butalsocanshockpeople.Isittruethatanordinarymusicalinstrument

canbesopowerful?

Oureardrumscanwithstandsoundwithin20to80decibels.Oncesoundexceeds

thislimitzevenbeautifulmusicwillbecomeear-splittingnoiseandharm

health.Astrongblastofhighsoundcantwistandbreakasolidironsheet.46

Thenoisefromaplane*sengineisover140decibels.However,thesound

ofafluteisatmostafewdecibels.47Ithasbeenproventhatpeople

whohaveworkedinanenvironmentwithahighsoundintensityforalongtime

suffervaryingdegreesofheartdiseaseoralteredbrainwaves.

Inmovieszsometimestheherocanproduceasoundthatordinarypeople

can*thearandonlythosewhohavethesameabilitycanfeel.Innaturezthere

isactuallysoundthatisbeyondourhearing.Inphysics,thesoundthatexceeds

20,000Hziscalledultrasonic.48Itdoesnoharmtohealth.

Soundlessthan20Hziscalledinfrasonicwaves.Whenwemove,theair

willvibrate.49Asthefrequencyofinfrasonicwavesisclosetothatof

people1sinternalorgans,infrasonicwavemaycauseresonanceinhumanbodies.

Asaresult,people1svisionmayweakenandinternalorgansmayrupture.However,

whetheraninfrasonicwavecanbeusedasaweapondependsonitsintensity.

Ifitsintensityisverylow,itwon*tdamageinternalorgansoraperson*s

health.50Whenwindblowsataforceof3or4overthesea,itwillproduce

infrasonicwavesofseveraldecibels.Onlytyphoonscanproduceinfrasonic

wavesofover100decibels.Atpresent,scientistscanonlyproduceinfrasonic

wea