Energy

ByYeungChungKuen(05996130)(12/03/2019)RevisedbyMak1WhatisEnergy?BasicDefinitions.FormsofEnergy.AShortHistoryofEnergy.DangerousnessofEnergy.RenewableEnergy.ResourcesRelatedtoEnergy.Outline2Whatisenergy?Energymakeschange;itdoesthingsforus.Itmovescarsalongtheroadandboatsoverthewater.Itbakesacakeintheovenandkeepsicefrozeninthefreezer.Itplaysourfavoritesongsontheradioandlightsourhomes.Itmakesourbodiesgrowandallowsourmindstothink.…….3BasicDefinitionsAverygooddefinitionofenergyis:Energyistheabilitytodowork.Incommonsense,workisgetthingsdone.Inphysics,‘work’isforcexdisplacement,W=Fs.4FormsofEnergyMechanical(Kineticandpotential)機械能(動能和位能)Chemical化學能Heat熱能Electric電能Light光能Sound聲能Nuclear核能

Peoplehavelearnedhowtochangeenergyfromoneformtoanothersothatwecandoworkmoreeasilyandlivemorecomfortably.5PotentialEnergy Kineticenergy6MechanicalEnergy(槓鈴)Aweightlifterexertsaforcetoliftabarbell.Thekineticenergyofthebarbellchangestothepotentialenergyofthebarbell.7Workdonebymachine=changesinmechanicalenergyoftheload.8ChemicalEnergy9ChemicalHeat+LightEnergy1011Light/HeatEnergy12Electric/Light/SoundEnergy13LightEnergy14Sound/Light/Heat/MechanicalEnergy15NuclearEnergybyFissionNuclearpowerplantsNuclearfission:Alargenucleussplitsintoseveralsmallnucleiwhenbumpedbyaneutronandenergyisreleasedinthisprocess.

Sources:atomicarchive/Fission/Fission1.shtml16Nuclearfusion1718AShortHistoryofEnergyTheOldDaysBeforetheindustrialrevolution(工業(yè)革命),ourenergyneedsweremodest(適度的).

19ExamplesForheat,wereliedonthesun--andburnedwood,straw,anddrieddung(糞肥)whenthesunfailedus.Fortransportation,themuscleofhorsesandthepowerofthewindinoursailstookustoeverycorneroftheworld.Forwork,weusedanimalstodojobsthatwecouldn'tdowithourownlabor.Waterandwinddrovethesimplemachinesthatgroundourgrainandpumpedourwater.20B.C.500,000-300,000UseoffireManstartedtousefireahalfmillionyearsago.Ancientpeopleknewthefirethroughlightning,forest-fire,explosionofvolcanoandsoon.Firecanprotectthemfromdangerousanimals,warmtheminacoldnight,lightenthedarknessandhardenearthenware(陶器).Theywantedtomaintainconvenientfiretouseitanytime.Atfirsttheykeptthefirewhichwasoccurredbyforestfirebytransferringtowoodpieces.21ForestFire22Butitwasdifficulttocontrolfirebythismethod.Awisemanthought."Producingfirebyourselvesisthebetterway!“"Luxuryisthemotherofinvention"Manhasinventedthemethodstoproduceandcontrolfiremoreeasily.Useoffire23B.C.5000?

Inventionofcart

withwheels.Maninventedanddevelopedtoolscontinuously.But,tocarrytoolsandthematerialswastoughjob.Maninventedcartwithwheelsinordertocarryloadseasily.Thiswasthefirststepto"mechanicalenergy“whichdevelopedcivilization(文明)rapidly.24B.C.-3000Traditionalboatwasimprovedtosailboatinordertoutilizewindanddriveboatfaster.Thiswasagreatturningpointinthemeaningthatmanutilizedwindasmotionenergy,aswellaswindmill(風車)whichisusedinsomeareanowadays.25B.C.2000?-WarusingarmsAftermanestablishedcivilizationandmade"city",eachcityhadtheirownarmytoguardtheirpeoplefromenemies.Inthewar,theyusearmssuchasastonebow(弓).Manbegantouseenergyfordestroying.26B.C.600DiscoveryofelectricityMandiscoveredelectricity2500yearsago.Amber(琥珀)whichwasrubbedgeneratedstaticelectricitywhichattractedlightmaterials."Electricenergy“whichismostfamiliartousinthehistoryofenergywasdiscoveredatthattime.Howevermoderntechnologyforcontrollingelectricenergywasestablishedatamuchlatertime,sayuntilVoltainventedtheVoltaiccellat1799.Butmancontinuedtodevelopthetechniquesofutilizingenergynotbeingsatisfied.27

7thCentury

Inventionofwindmill(風車

)WindmillisoneofveryimportantinventionsintheMedievalAges(中世紀).Windmillbroughttheimprovementinefficiencyofjobandthespreadoftechnologytooperatesomemachinesatthesametimebyusingcranksandgears.(曲柄)(齒輪)Thedevelopmentof"mechanicalenergy“wasacceleratedhereinafter.2816thcentury-TheIndustrialRevolutionandfurtherdevelopment1.Steamengine(蒸汽機)29Thedevelopmentofutilizingtechnologyofmechanicalenergywasacceleratedatthespeedwhichmankindhadneverexperiencedbytheinventionofsteamengine.Steamenginebroughtpeoplerailways,powerplant(發(fā)電廠),modernmanufacturingplantsandsoon.Steamengine30Thedevelopmentofshipbuildingtechnology,telegraphiccommunication(電報Marconi1874-1937),railwaytechnology,andtheinventionofairplaneinthefirsthalfof19thcenturymadepeopletocommunicateworldwide2.Birthofinternationalnetwork31Endof19thcentury:BirthofpowerplantInventionofelectriclightbulb(Edison1847-1931)isamilestoneofmodernizationin19thcentury.Electriclightwasrapidlyspreadintheindustrialcountriesaroundtheworldwithincreasingnumberofpowerplants,andtheageofelectricenergyhadcome.32A.D.1914-1918WorldWar1TheFirstWorldWarinwhich32countriesparticipatedwasawarusingtechnologicalarmamentsuchassubmarine,aircraft,carrier,poisongas,machinegun.Manylivesweresacrificedinthewar,showingthedarksideofenergyandtechnology.33A.D.1939-1945WorldWar2TheWorldWar2isaveryimportantmilestoneintheutilizataionofenergy,becausenucleararmswereusedforthefirsttimeinthewar.Itshowsthatenergyandtechnologycandestroythecivilization,iftheyareusedinwrongway.34NuclearExplosion35A.D.1986AccidentatChernobyl'snuclearpowerplantThisaccidentteachusthatweshouldconsideralsodangerousnessinthinkingtheuseofenergy.Wecannotsay"absolutelysafety“inthefieldofnuclearenergy.36A.D.2019＆2019RushofnuclearexplosiontestsNorthKorea,India,Pakistanarethecountrieswhichmadenuclearexplosiontestsinrecentyears.Nucleararmamentshouldnotbeappreciatedevenifitisforself-defense.The20thcenturyisthematurationperiodofhigh-technologyandthebeginningagesofnewenergy.However,wemustalwaysconsidertheadverseeffectofusingenergy.37Allofourmainenergytechnologieshaveseriousenvironmentalconsequences:Airpollution:healthproblems,acidrain,(酸雨)etc.CO2production:climatechangeWastedisposal:healthhazards……Cantheybecontrolled?Musttheybereplaced?Cantheybereplaced?38RenewableEnergyWIND39Wind40SolarEnergyTheSunSolarCell(photoelectricCell)4142GeothermalEnergy434445Geothermalpowerplant46Deliveryofelectricpower47TidalEnergy4849(港灣)50Hydro-electricEnergy5152ResourcesRelatedtoEnergyRollercoasterAnimation:

glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/energy/ce.htmlMouseTrapanimationcommunities.msn/VickisClipArtandAnimationStorage/mimichar.msnw?action=ShowPhoto&PhotoID=4571Chevyanimationcommunities.msn/VickisClipArtandAnimationStorage/angelfirepics.msnw?action=ShowPhoto&PhotoID=4601Picsglenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1e.htmlglenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1b.htmlglenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1d.html/20331/types//kids/history/index.html/css_doc/Energy.ppt/22278/data/shouhei-j/02.htm/story/chapter11.html//iga.iggr.it/geo/geoenergy.phpdarvill.clara/altenerg/geothermal.htm53Resources/20331/history/timeline1600.html/20331/history/timeline1900.html/2745/data/loops.htm/~eet_dept/POWERPIX.html/~lstinson/webpages/kinpot.htmrz.uni-frankfurt.de/~schauder//OK1/meteorology/HeatTransfer.htmlhrast.pef.uni-lj.si/docs/en/web-based_education/infodist/tutorial/simulate/off.htm/2000/15/index.html/guidry/violence/remnan