課下能力提升(十八)Ⅰ.根據提示寫出單詞的正確形式1．Astheeconomydevelops,thenaturalincomegoesupwithaleap(飛躍)．2．Theseforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajoint(聯合的)venture.3．Theword“explode”means“toburst(爆炸)withalotofforceandloudnoise”．4．Willyouactaswitness(見證人)totheagreementbetweenus?5．Over3millionviewerstune(收看)intoourshowdaily.6．Heisfamiliarwithalltheimportanthistoric(history)events.7．TheancientEgyptianshadadvanced(advance)civilizations.8．Afterwaitingforanhour,Iwasbeginningtorunoutofpatience(patient)．9．Notaccustomed(accustom)toassociatingwithbusinesspeople,shedecidedtobeateacheraftergraduation.10．Howcouldyoumakeanassumption(assume)aboutherwithoutmeetingher?Ⅱ.選詞填空attheverybeginningof，setfooton，beaccustomedto，eversince，inshock，beawareof，inspiteof，makeit1．Ihaven'theardfromhimever_sincelastyear.2．Everybodyis_aware_oftheimportanceoftheskill.3．Theyelectedhimmonitorat_the_very_beginning_oftheterm.4．Heremainsexcellentinhisstudiesatschoolin_spite_ofhavingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.5．Sinceentryintohighschoolthestudentshavebeen_accustomed_tostayinguplateintheeveningandgettingupearlyinthemorning.6．Workhard,andyou'llmake_iteventually.7．Hewasstillin_shockfromwhathadhappenedearlierintheafternoon.8．Nobodyhaseverset_foot_onthatisland.Ⅲ.完成句子1．她一聽到這個悲傷的消息，就失聲痛哭起來。Scarcelyhadsheheardthesadnewswhensheburst_out_crying/burst_into_tears.2．兩個故事我都不喜歡，因為這個故事并不比那個故事有趣。Ilikeneitherofthetwostories.Forthisstoryisno_more_interesting_thanthatone.3．我習慣于在睡覺前聽一些輕音樂。Iam_accustomed_to_listening_tosomelightmusic.4．他夾著一大本書，走出了圖書館。Hecameoutofthelibrary,a_large_book_under_his_arm.5．你的作業下周一必須上交。Yourhomeworkis_to_be_handed_innextMonday.Ⅳ.閱讀理解ASaturn'sicymoonEnceladuscouldtheoreticallybehometomethane-producing(產甲烷的)alienlife,NASAsaid.Researchersmadetheannouncementbasedondatafrom2015,whenthespacecraftCassinidetectedthepresenceofhydrogenduringaflightthroughacloudofgasandiceeruptingfromEnceladus'southpole.Thehydrogencouldbeasignofmethanogenesis,aformofbreathinwhichmicrobes(微生物)producemethane.ThisisaverysignificantfindingbecausethehydrogencouldbeapotentialsourceofchemicalenergyforanymicrobesthatmightbeinEnceladus'ocean，”LindaSpilker,ascientistatNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory,saidatapressconference.“WenowknowthatEnceladushasalmostalloftheingredientsyouwouldneedtosupportlifeasweknowitonEarth.”ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalScience.“Thisistheclosestwe'vecome,sofar,toidentifyingaplacewithsomeoftheingredientsneededforahabitableenvironment，”ThomasZurbuchen,associateadministratorforNASA'sScienceMissionDirectorate,saidinastatement.“TheseresultsdemonstratethenatureofNASA'ssciencemissionsthataregettingusclosertoansweringwhetherweareindeedaloneornot.”NASAalsoannouncedthattheHubbleSpaceTelescopeobservedwhatmayhavebeenwatervaporemergingfromthesurfaceofJupiter'smoonEuropain2014,andagainaroundthesameareain2016.ConfirmingtheexistenceofEuropa'sgaswouldallowresearcherstostudythatmoon'schemicalmakeupwithouthavingtodigthroughmilesoficycrust(表面).TheCassiniandHubblediscoveriesrelatedtothese“oceanworlds”willhelpscientistsplanNASA'sEuropaClippermission,settolaunchinthe2020s.TheplanisfortheunmannedspacecrafttoorbitJupiterandperformadetailedinvestigationofEuropa.“Thesediscoveriesarecomingjustattheperfecttime，”JimGreen,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision,said.“Itenablesustomaketherightsetofobservationsthatcantellusmuchmoreabouttheseoceanworlds,Europainparticular.”eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是說明文。飛船探測到氣體，表明土衛二可能存在外星生命。)1．Thenewdiscoverymadethescientistsfeelmore________.A．confident B．doubtfulC．worried D．confused解析：選A細節理解題。由第二段中的“Thisisaverysignificantfinding”，第三段中的“Thisistheclosestwe'vecome”及最后一段中的“Thesediscoveriesarecomingjustattheperfecttime”可知，新的發現讓科學家們對探測外星生命的任務更加有信心。2．Accordingtothetext,NASA'ssciencemissionsaimto________.A．makespacetravelarealityB．analyzeJupiter'schemicalmakeupC．findoutwhetherlifeexistsoutsideEarthD．exploretheresourcesonSaturn'sicymoon解析：選C細節理解題。由第三段中的“TheseresultsdemonstratethenatureofNASA'ssciencemissionsthataregettingusclosertoansweringwhetherweareindeedaloneornot”可知，NASA科學任務的本質是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。3．Whichwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ThereislifeoutsideEarthB．EnceladuscouldharboralienlifeC．AnewstudyaboutSaturnbeginsD．NASAisplanningalandingonJupiter解析：選B標題歸納題。本文重點在于告訴我們最近發現土衛二南極有氫氣，這個跡象可能是外星生命存在的證明。故B項最適合作文章標題。BTheoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexamples.Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinsideoroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyourarmsout,theyfloatfreeinzerogravity,oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunnyballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I'maninsideguy，”MikeHopkinssays,whoreturnedfromasix-monthtourontheInternationalSpaceStation.“Iliketobewrappedup.”Onthestation,theordinarybecomesstrange.TheexercisebikefortheAmericanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity,it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyoupedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravitytohelpcirculateair,thecarbon-dioxideyouexhale(呼氣)hasatendencytoformaninvisible(隱形的)cloudaroundyourhead.Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon-dioxideheadache.LeroyChiao,54,anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights,describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourseat.“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”Withinacoupleofdays—trulyterribledaysforsome—astronauts'brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinnerear,andspacesicknessdisappears.Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.Forinstance,astronautslosebonemass.That'swhyexerciseisconsideredsovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)putsitrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:recoverytimeonceastronautsreturnhome,and,moreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearound-triptoMars.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘？這可能是你想象不到的。本文從不同角度介紹了在太空中生活時你要面對的各種挑戰。4．Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?A．Decidingonapropersleepposition.B．Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag.C．Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly.D．Findingarighttimetogotosleep.解析：選A細節理解題。根據第二段第二句“Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.”可知合適的睡覺姿勢對于太空中的宇航員是主要的挑戰。5．Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbon-dioxideheadachewhen________.A．theycirclearoundontheirbikesB．theyusemicrocomputerswithoutastopC．theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtimeD．theywatchamoviewhilepedaling解析：選C細節理解題。根據文章第三段最后三句可知在一個地方時間太長就會引起頭疼。6．Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdaysbecause________.A．theirsensesstopworkingB．theyhavetostandupstraightC．theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedlyD．theirbrainsreceivecontradictorymessages解析：選D推理判斷題。根據第四段的“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”可以推知由于他們的大腦接受到相反的信息而引起了他們的惡心。7．OneofNASA'smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis________.A．howmuchexercisetheydoonthestationB．howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspaceC．whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghomeD．whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation解析：選B細節理解題。根據文章最后一句可知NASA關心他們如何在太空中長時間保持健康。Ⅴ.閱讀七選五FivesimplethingsthatareactuallycomplexTheprooffor“1＋1＝2”is300pageslong__1__Intheearly20thcentury,BertrandRussellwantedtoprovethatmathematicsworked,sohedecidedtostartwiththesimplestconceptandprove1＋1＝2.However,ittookthemathematicianandphilosopher372pagesofcomplexsums.Definingtheword“the”isreallydifficultTheword“the”isoneofthemostcommonwordsinEnglish.__2__Forexample,whydowesay,“Ihavetheflu，”butnot“Ihavetheheadache？”IntheOxfordEnglishDictionary,therearealmosttwodozendifferentwaysthewordcanbeusedinasentencecorrectly.YawningSomepeoplesayweyawntokeepusalert(警覺的)bytakinginoxygen.However,variousexperimentshaveshownthatyawningactuallycoolsdownthebrain.__3__Asforwhyyawningiscontagious(感染性的),nooneknowsthateither.LeftandrighthavebeenconfusingphilosophersforyearsWouldyouexplaintheconceptofleftandrightintermsofyourrelativepositiontoawell-knownlandmark(地標性建筑)?__4__It'saquestionthathasbeenpuzzlingphilosophersforyearsbecause,withoutapointofreference,it'sdifficulttodefinewhatleftandrightactuallyare.__5__You'dthinkthatthereasonweenjoythingsisbecauseitfeelsgoodinsomeway,butit'sonlyhalfthestory.There'safamousexperimentwherewineexpertswerefooledintothinkingacheapbottleofwinewasanoutstandingonejustbyswitchingthelabels.Theirenjoymentoftheproductwasn'tbasedonappreciationofwine—itwasbasedonthefactthattheyweretolditwasgoodwine.A．WhatyoufeelmaynotbethetruthB．WeenjoythingsforreasonsotherthanenjoymentC．Butwhatifyouweretalkingtoonewhocouldn'tsee?D．Weallknowthatoneplusoneequalstwo,butdoyouknowwhy?E．Infact,thereisnouniversallyagreedtheoryforwhyweactuallyyawn.F．Maybeyou'drefertothemoveoftheEarthorsomethingcomparablyhuge.G．Mostofushaveprobablyneverstoppedtothinkabouthowstrangeaword