揚州中學2014屆高三英語試第二部分：知識運用（共兩節，45分（15115分A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項Onaccountoffuelsbeingfiniteandmanypeoplebeingwasteful,wewillhavetoinstall solarheatingdeviceinourA.sometypeofaB.sometypesof C.sometype D.sometypesThepriestmadethe ofthecrosswhenheenteredtheA. B. C. D.Thecouple theiroldhouseandsolditforavastA.did B.did C.did D.didIwenttherein1984,andthatwasthemerelyoccasionwhenI thejourneyinexactlytwoA.must B.musthave C.wasableto D.couldTherearestillmanyproblemsaheadofus,butbythistimenextyearwecanseelightattheendof A. B. C. D.Iknowhefailedhislasttest,butreallyhe’s A.something B.anything C.nothing D.not ,Mr.WellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingAlthoughheisa B.EvenifheisaC.Beinga D.SinceheisaTraditionally,localmidwiveswould allthebabiesintheA. B. C. D.What’sthechanceof ageneralelectionthisA.there B.thereto C.there D.theregoingtoThousandsofpeopleturnedoutintothestreetsto againstthelocal’decisiontobuildahighwayacrossthefield.A. B. C. D.Mr.Brown’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill A.pull B.pull C.pull D.pullHisremarkswere enrageeverybodyattheA.soas B.suchas C.such D.asmuchas—Joe,don’tforgettobringyourlaptopwithyoutomorrow,—Oh,thankyou.Iwouldn’tbringitifyou A.wouldn’t B.haven’tC.hadn’t D.shouldn’thave moreeffectivelywithothers,moreandmorepeopleequipthemselveswith higherA. B.Being C.To D.Healthexpertsbelievethatevenalittleexerciseisfarbetterthan atA. B. C. D.（201.530分Thankstoacombinationofyoungbusinessmen,largenumbersofuniversitystudentsandrevitalization(新生)effortsbythelocalandnationalernments,today’sNanjinghasan 36ofyouthfulexuberance(繁茂)thatwouldhavebeen37onlyafewdecadesago.38,thecity,aboomingcityof6.5milliononthebanksoftheYangtzeRiversome185westofShanghai,bears39resemblancetotheformercapitalofthatsufferedtheworstcrueltyandofWorldWarII. years,thecityhas itstragicpast eavitalengineof’seconomicgrowth, toitspositioninthemiddleof’sprosperouseasternseaboard.Growthhas toimprovedgroundtransportation:AnewbullettrainlinkingNanjingandShanghaistartedservicelast44traveltimebetweenthecitiesfromseveralhourstojust75minutes,andaBeijing-Shanghaihigh-speedlineis45toopenlaterthisyear,withastopinNanjing.Withinthecity,twometrolineswerebuiltinthelastfewyears;15morearennedtobeginserviceby2030.SignsofNanjing’s46wealthandoptimismcanbeseeneverywhere.IntheheartoftheXinjiekoudistrict,abronzestatueofSunYat-sen,47thefatherofmodern,looks48overabusy49area.Thereisperhapsnomore50symbolofthecity’stransformationthantheZifengTower,a1,480-footskyscraperthatopeneditsdoorslastMay.51offices,restaurantsandanInterContinentalho,thetoweristhesecond-tallestbuildinginandbilledastheseventh-tallestintheworld.Underlyingallthisdevelopmentisalargeand52studentpopulation—thereareseveralmajoruniversities,plusabranchofJohnsHopkins’sinternationalstudiesschool.Infact,artandmusicinallsortsofOnalarger54,localernmentofficialsandprivateinvestorsarepushingthecityasarisingcenterforcontemporaryartandarchitecture,hotoattract55fromtheneon-bathedstreetsofitsneighborShanghai.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.in B.in C.in D.inA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.well- C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.KeeB. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.spring B.stand C.set D.keepA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節，40分第一節（15230分A、B、C、DAInthe19thcentury,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagood.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It'smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you'reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingofwill.Today,weknowthatwillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehavior,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakeareernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.Youcanchangeyourownalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that'llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.Tobeaneffective,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconsciousEveryrelationship esslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You'retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimntingcertaincues.Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstrengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don’tjustlookforaclevercue.Committosomelargerglobalbelief.Whichofthefollowingisthefirst-to-noneelementinthe19th-centurycharacterA.Action.B.Capacity.C.Resolution.D.TheresearchatDukeUniversityindicatedthat One’sbehavioristoughtoHabithasanunidentifiedHabitysavitalroleinone'sBothhabitandwillpowerareofAccordingtothenewcharactermodel,albehaviorcouldbealteredtechniquestobreakoldtechniquestoprovidedifferentphysicalcuestochangealltheformerunconsciouscuestomanipulatethehabitualneural1234PENS1234PENSisyourNo.1sourceforpromotionalpens,advertisingpens,andlogopens.Wehavebeeninbusinesssince1976,soyoucanbeconfidentthatyou’redealingwithatrustednameintheindustry.Everyonelovesapen,andbyprovidingyourcustomerswithapenfeaturingname,logo,ormessage,youcanbesurethatyour namewillalwaysbeontheirmind!Ourcustomimprintingservicecomesatnoextracharge,sothepriceyouseeisthepriceyoupayforalized★Doyouneedpensfast?InaRUSHfortradeshowsoracorporateevents?Tryour48hourpromotionalpensrushserviceofcharge.Wepresentyouwithmanystylesandtypesofprintedpen.Letusknowwhichpromotionalpenyoulikeandwithin48hoursyouwillhavethepens.★Wanttousethetraditionalmethodofpromotionalpenstoreachouttocustomers,butdon’twanttocausemoredamagetotheenvironment?1234PENSnowofferseco-friendlyadvertisingpenstosuitany ’spromotionalneeds.1234PENScanconfidentlyofferproductswhicharemadefromeco-friendlymaterials,includingpaper,cardboard,cornstarch,pine,bambooandevenrecycledsticwaterbottles.1234PENSoffersaselectionofeco-friendlyretractableandstick-typeballpointpens,mechanicalpencilsandhighlighters,allforlessthan$2.00each.Imprintingoflogosandcorporateinformationisavailableinsixteendifferentcolors.Eachpenhastherecyclingsymbolprintedonit,showings ’scommitmenttothetocallusifyouhaveanyWhatdoweknowabout1234Ithasahistoryofover30IthasbuiltupalargepenIthasitsnameprintedoneachItchargesalowpriceforextraWhatismainlydiscussedinParagraphThedifferenttypesofthe B.ThehighqualityoftheC.Thequickserviceof1234 D.Thetradeshowsof1234Whatisspecialaboutthepensproducedin1234Theyaredesignedin16Theycomein48differentTheirmaterialislessharmfultotheTheirpriceismuchlowerinthepenThemainpurposeofthepassageisto persuadepeopletoordertheexintheprocessofmakinglogoshowpeoplehowtochoosedifferentintroducethedifferentservicesof1234CTheextraordinaryEastgateBuildinginHarare,Zimbabwe’scapitalcity,issaidtobetheonlyoneintheworldtousethesamecoolingandheatingprinciplesasthetermitemound(白蟻堆).ArchitectMickPearceusedpreciselythesamestrategywhendesigningtheEastgateBuilding,whichhasnoair-conditioningandalmostnoheating.Thebuilding—thecountry’slargestcommercialandshopcomplex—useslessthan10%oftheenergyofaconventionalbuildingofitssize.TheEastgate’sownerssaved$3.5millionona$36millionbuildingbecauseanair-conditioningntdidn’thavetobeThecomplexisactuallytwobuildingslinkedbybridgesacrossashadyglass-roofedatrium(天井opentotheairFanssuckfreshairinfromtheatrium,blowitupstairsthroughhollowspacesunderthefloorsandfromthereintoeachofficethroughbasvents(通風口).Asitrisesandwarms,itisdrawnoutviaceilingventsandfinallyexiststhroughforty-eightbrickchimneys.Duringsummer’scoolnights,bigfansblowairthroughthebuildingseventimesanhourtocooltheemptyfloors.Byday,smallerfansblowtwochangesofairanhourthroughthebuilding,tocirculatetheairwhichhasbeenincontactwiththecoolfloors.Forwinterdays,therearesmallheatersinthevents.ThisisallpossibleonlybecauseHarareis1600feetabovesealevel,hascloudlessskies,littledampnessandrapidtemperatureswings—daysaswarmas31℃commonlydropto14℃atnight.“Youcouldn’tdothisinNewYork,withitsfantasticallyhotsummersandfantasticallycoldwinters,”Pearcesaid.TheengineeringfirmofOveArup&Partnersmonitorsdailytemperatures.Itisfoundthatthetemperatureofthebuildinghasgenerallystayedbetween23℃and25℃,withtheexceptionoftheannualhotperiodjustbeforethesummerrainsinOctoberandthreedaysinNovember,whenadoorkeeperaccidentallyswitchedoffthefansatnight.Andtheairisfresh—farmoresothaninair-conditionedbuildings,whereupto30%oftheairisrecycled.WhywasEastgatecheapertobebuiltthanaconventionalItwasdesignedinasmallerNoairconditionerswerefixedItsheatingsystemwaslessItusedratherdifferentbuildingWhatdoes“it”refertoinParagraphFreshairfrom B.HeatintheC.Hollow D.BasWhywouldabuildinglikeEastgateNotworkefficientlyinNewNewYorkhaslessclearskiesasItsdampnessaffectsthecirculationofNewYorkcoversalargerareathanItstemperaturechangesseasonallyratherthanThedatainthelastparagraphsuggestsEastgate’stemperaturecontrol allowsawiderangeoffunctionswellformostofthecanrecycleupto30%oftheworksbetterinhotDIsthe‘GotoCollege’MessageEveninaweakjobmarket,theoldcollegetryisn’ttheanswerforeveryone.AbriefingpaperfromtheBrookingsInstitutionwarnsthat“wemayhaveoverdonethemessage”oncollege,seniorfellowIsabelSawhill“We’vebeenlingstudentsandtheirfamiliesforyearsthatcollegeistheonlywaytosucceedintheeconomyandofcoursethere’salotoftruthtothat,”Ms.Sawhillsaid.“Onaverageitdoespayoff…Butifyouloaduponawholelotofstudentdebtandthenyoudon’tgraduate,thatisaverybadsituation.”Onecommentthatpeopleoftenrepeatamongtheyearsofslowjobgrowthhasbeenthevalueofeducationforlandingajobandadvancinginacareer.April’snationalunemploymentratestoodat7.5%,accordingtotheLaborDepartment.Theunemploymentrateforhigh-schoolgraduatesover25yearsoldwhohadn’tattendedcollegewas7.4%,comparedwith3.9%forthosewithabachelor’sdegreeormoreeducation.Thedifferenceisevenbiggeramongthoseaged16-24.Thejoblessrateforthosewithonlyahighschooldiplomainthatagegroupisabout20%.Atthesametime,recentresearchbyCanadianeconomistscautionsthatacollegedegreeisnoguaranteeofpromisingemployment.Ms.Sawhillpointedoutthatamongtheaspectsthataffectthevalueofacollegeeducationisthefieldofone’smajor:Studentsinengineeringorothersciencesendupearningmorethanoneswhomajorintheartsoreducation.Thecostoftuitionandtheavailabilityoffinancialaidareotherconsiderations,withpublicinstitutionsgenerallyabetterfinancialbargainthanprivateones.Shesuggestedtwoavenuesforimprovingthesituation:increasingvocational(職業的)-technicaltrainingprogramsandtakingapagefromEurope’sfocusonearlyeducationratherthanpost-secondarylearning.TheEuropeancountriesputalittlemoreattentiontogettingpeoplepreparedintheprimarygrades,”shesaidThentheyhaveahigherbarforwhoevergoestocollege—butonceyougetintocollege,you’remorelikelytobehighlysubsidized(資助).”Shealsoisasupporteroftechnicaltraining—toteachstudentshowtobeplumbers,weldersandprogrammers—because“employersaredesperate”forworkerswiththesePeopleusuallythinkthat thecostoftechnicalschoolingisaonewillnotsucceedwithoutacollegetechnicalskillsaremostimportantforlandingathereisanincreasedcompetitioningettingintoaWhatdoestheunderlinedpart“takingapagefrom”Hearing B.ChangingC.Differing D.LearningWhatcanweinferfromthePublicinstitutionschargemoreforEuropeanuniversitiesarestricterwithStudentswithcertainskillsareingreatCanadianstudentsprefertomajorinMs.Sawhillmayprobablyagreethat toomuchstresshasbeenputonthevalueofcollegetechnicaltrainingismoreimportantthancollegeacollegedegreewillensurepromisingit’seasierforartstudentstofindfavorite第四部分：任務型閱讀(10小題，每小1分，滿10分Imaginelivinginacountrytornbywar.Ormaybeyouliveinacewheretherearefewjobsandlittlechancetoearnaliving.Yourfamilydecidestomove—nottoanothertown,buttoanothercountry.Youandyourfamilyhave eimmigrants.Peoplearecalledimmigrantswhentheymovetoaforeigncountrytomaketheirhomes. eimmigrantsformanyreasons.Themostcommononeiseconomicopportunities.Mostimmigrantsareattractedtoothercountriesbythepromiseofjobs,farmland,orbusinessopportunities.Otherpeople eimmigrantsinordertogetawayfrommistreatmentornaturaldisasters.Theyarerefugees.Somerefugeesmovetoavoidwarsandpoliticalunrest.Othersareseekingdomtoexpresstheirreligiousviews.Stillothersareuprootedbydisasters,suchasterriblefloodingordrought.Somepeoplehave eimmigrantsagainsttheirwill.CapturedinAfrica,shippedtoforeignlandsanddtoworkasslaves,manyearlyAfricanimmigrantstoNorthandSouthAmericacameinchains.ExceptforNativeAmericans,allpeoplecametotheUnitedStatesfromsomeceelse.Fornearlyyears,immigrantshavelandedonAmerica’sshoresseekingabetterlife.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,immigrantsoftenworkedlow-paying,dangerousjobsthatotherpeoplerefusedtodo.ImmigrantsfromaroundtheworldhelpedshapeAmericanlife.ManyimmigrantsabsorbedthecustomsandlanguagecommontomostAmericans.Theyalsobroughttheirowntraditions,includingmusicandfoods.Overtime,manyofthesetraditionshave epartofAmericanlife.ThefirstEuropeanimmigrantstoAmericahopedtocolonizenewlands.Bythemid-1500s,SpaniardshadventuredintoFlorida,California,andtheAmericanSouthwest.Frenchimmigrantsarrivedintheearly1600sandbuilttheirfirstcolonyinCanada.TheEnglishalsoarrivedintheearly1600s.Theyestablished13coloniesalongAmerica’sAtlanticCoast.Inthe1700s,EnglandbecamethemajorpowerincolonialNorthAmerica.ButmanyEuropeanimmigrantscametoliveintheEnglishcolonies.TheyincludedpeoplefromSweden,Holland,Germany,Scotland,andImmigrantsstillcometotheUnitedStatesseekingdomandeconomicopportunities.MostnewimmigrantsnolongercomefromEurope.TheycomemainlyfromCentralandSouthAmerica,theCaribbean,andAsia.Today,theU.S.ernmentlimitsthenumberofimmigrantsintothecountryeachyear.PeoplewhosneakillegallyintotheUnitedStatesarecalledillegalimmigrants,who,ifcaught,wouldbesentbacktotheirhomecountries.KeyDetailed ImmigrantsarethosewhomovetoaforeigncountrytomaketheirMostpeoplecomefor(72) ▲opportunities,suchasgoodjobs,farmlands,orbusinessopportunities.SomemovetotheUSto ▲awayfromwarsorSomepeopleimmigrate ▲forreligiousSomepeople eimmigrants ▲,likemanyAfricanFrenchimmigrants(76) ▲Canadaintheearly1600sandbuilttheirfirstcolonythere.TheEnglishalsocametotheearly1600sand(77) ▲thirteencoloniesalongAmerica’sAtlanticCoast.Inthe1700s,Europeanimmigrantscametoliveinthecolonies,peoplefromSweden,Hollandandetc.are (79)▲fromthepast,theoriginsofmostnewimmigrantsaremainlyCentralandSouthAmerica,theCaribbean,andAsia,insteadofEurope.TheUSernmenterectsdamsto(80)▲thenumberofimmigrantsintothecountryeachyearincheck.Illegalimmigrants,ifcaught,wouldbesentbacktotheirhome第四部分：表150Asweallknow,the“(passenger)transportduringtheSpringFestivalperiod”hasbeenahotphraseallthroughtheland.Thevolumeofpassengertraffic(客運量reachesitsclimaxbeforeandaftertheSpringFestival.thenumberofthosewhodecidetogobacktotheirhometownbytrainisincreasingrapidly,soitpromotestheshortoftheticketsofpassengertrain.Luckily,theMinistryofRailways(鐵道部)hascomeupwithsolutions.Forinstance,itarrangesextratrainsduringthepeaktimeforpassengertransportaswellasopens24-hourticketsaleswindowsforpassengersinordertoeasethetrafficpressure.Moreover,ithelpstodelivertrainticketstothedoorsteps,providingconvenienceforpass