2016年25.BagsofLoveLastyear',Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother'shouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly—wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.(25)(wonder) howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand(26)happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in(27)shedistributedittochildren.Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—shywouldshemotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe(28)(do)?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop(29)(buy)thegroceriesifIfoundout?Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmydiscovery.(30)shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn'tneedtokeepitasecret(31)me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby(32)selflessshewas.33.(8分)(2016?上海)Stress：GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress(33)rregard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36)numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37),andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientof(38)(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?Tftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39)(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40)(get)ill.41.A.accountB.adjustableC.appliancesD.captureE.decorationsF.directG.experimentH.intendedI.operatedJ.soullessK.squeezeGoldenRulesofGoodDesignWhatmakesgooddesign?Overtheyears,designersandartistshavebeentryingto(41)theessentialsofgooddesign.Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign.Therearefourasfollows.Lessismore.ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman—bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe.InhisModernistview,beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance,andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.Designshouldavoidunnecessary(42)Moreisnotabore.TheAmerican—bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultis(43)design.Post-Modernistdesignersbeganto(44)withdecorationandcoloragain.Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen (45)suchasovensandkettles.Fitnessforpurpose.Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproduct'sfunction,purpose,shape,form,color,andsoon.Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis(46).Forexample,thinkofa(n) (47)desklamp.Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.Italsoneedstobestable.Mostimportantly,itneedsto(48)lightwhereitisneeded.Fromfollowsemotion.ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger.Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto(49)thesensorysideofournature—sight,smell,touchandtaste.Theseareasimportantasrational(理性的)thinking.Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacool—lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily(50).thetoothpasteontoourbrush.51.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively(51)workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe(52),manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,(53),thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom(54)withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(專制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof(55)people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision—making—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto(56)tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral(57).Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional(58)managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout(59)managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授權)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:(60)thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde—layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe(61)withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front—linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation (委托) muchfurtherthanhas(62)beenthecaseEmpowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto(63)thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff—siteor(64)management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye—mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe(65) oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike52.A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme53.A.viceversaB.forexampleC.howeverD.otherwise54.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above55.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging56.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply57.A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression58.A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male59.A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing60.A.doublingB.maintainingC.reducingD.estimating61.A.honouredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared62.A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequatelyD.occasionally63.A.denyB.admitC.assumeD.ensure64.A.virtualB.ineffectiveC.day—to—dayD.on-the-scene65.A.opinionB.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness.66.Oneearlymorning,IwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathickbookcalledBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain.MyinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthatthewordPoems“appearedinbig,hotpinkletters.Isitgood?”Iaskedher.Yeah,“sheanswered.There'soneIreallylikeandyou'lllikeit,too."Ileanedforward.'PattyPoem,'shereadthetitle.WhoisPatty?Iwondered.Thepoembegan：Sheneverputshertoysaway,Justleavesthemscattered^wheretheylay,…①散亂的Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections.Thefinalonecamequickly:Whenshegrowsandgatherspoise②,②穩重I'llmissherharum—scarum③noise,③莽撞的Andlookinvain④forscatteredtoys.④徒勞地AndI'llbesad.Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme.WhoeverPattywas,shewasameangirl.Then,theshock.It'syou,honey,“Mymothersaidsadly.Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent;saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,theshe“inthepoemwashorror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying.What'swrong?”mymotherasked.OhMama,“Icried,「don'twanttogrowupever!"Shesmiled.Honey,it'sokay.You'renotgrowingupanytimesoon.Andwhenyoudo,I'llstillloveyou,okay?”Okay,“Iwasstillweeping.Mypanichasgone.ButIcouldnothelpthinkingaboutthatsillypoem.Afterwhatseemedlikeasafeamountoftime,Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused.Itallfitsowelltogether,likeapuzzle.Thelanguagewassimple,sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning,yetitwasstillbeautiful.Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson'sworld.Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,butPattyPoem“remainsmypoem.Afterall,PattyPoem“gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.WhywasthewriterattractedbythebookBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?A.Itwasathickenoughbook.Somethingonitscovercaughthereye.Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest.Ithasameaningfultitle.Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher,thewriterfeltatfirst.A.sadB.excitedC.horrifiedD.confusedThewriter'smotherlikedtoreadPattyPoem“probablybecause.A.itreflectedherownchildhoodB.itwaswritteninsimplelanguageC.itwascomposedbyafamouspoetD.itgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappenItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatPattyPoem“leadsthewriterto.A.discoverthepowerofpoetryB.recognizeherloveforpuzzlesC.findhereagernesstogrowupD.experiencegreathomesickness.Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth'schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions（NE放）from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.

「fTCThisishowmudi"inipenEuresirouldnseby21OOevenifnations]jveliptotheinitialPirisprumisi*￡toreducecaibuiiemifsiQiiithkrisecouldslillputcoaxialchici；uudet科就cijuddnvco\crhMtofflllspct;cs1口cxbnchnn-2X：TomoeTrhkmminiimgcwl.theAgrecmenrrequiresconntiks10tightenemissconswgerseveryfiveyears.Even；hisincreasecculdsink5omcislands,worsc由優喧A”干旱)anddiiveadeclineofupto\ithirdintbenuinbviofspeciei.LfCJhcia1hemostaiiibiliousgoa]iin(cnipeia^uietisembythePaisAgieemetn.aftei'&pushby1ou-ly：iiLis.^j.dnationslikeKinh^ii.whiilis^iylicrjlinottnipcralurcrisetoIC□“】】《"丫士Them方0mlinking.[LM1CThisishowmuchtempennuresii^verisensincecheindustrialipebepaii.puttingufofth^v-aylo2Tpoinl.OVIliebn^eliiieheieisavci^geglobalretr.ptianLrebeforethemtoftlieindu>fri<iiq駁Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriestheParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolhumanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarmingIfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.TheAgreement'sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe.A.0.8CB.1.5CC.2C D.3.5CEnoughmeaninglessdrivelThat'sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUKgovernmentwhohavebeenexamininghowsocialmediafirmslikeLinkedIngatherandusesocialmediadata.TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee'sreport,releasedlastweek,hasblamedfirmsformakingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontractsandcallsforaninternationalstandardorkitemark （認證標t己） toidentifysitesthathavecleartermsandconditions.Thetermandconditionsstatementthatweallcarelesslyagreetoismeaninglessdriveltoanyone,“saysAndrewMiller,thechairofthecommittee.Instead,hesays,firmsshouldprovideaplain—Englishversionoftheirterms.Thesimplifiedversionwouldbecheckedbyathirdpartyandawardedakitemarkifitisanaccuratereflectionoftheoriginal.Itisnotyetclearwhowouldadministerthescheme,buttheUKgovernmentislookingatintroducingitonavoluntarybasis.weneedtothinkthroughhowwemakethatworkinpractice,“saysMiller.Wouldwepayanymoreattentiontoakitemark?Ithinkifyouwentanddidthesurvey,peoplewouldliketothinktheywould,“saysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,whostudiesopendata.Wedoknowpeopleworryalotabouttheinappropriateuseoftheirinformation."Butwhatwouldhappeninpracticeisanothermatter,hesays.Otherorganisationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand,butMillerbelievessocialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew.Westilldon'tknowhowsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years'time,“hesays.Shadbolt,whogaveevidencetothecommittee,saystheproblemisthatwedon'tknowhowcompanieswilluseourdatabecausetheirbusinessmodelsandusesofdataarestillevolving.Largecollectionsofpersonalinformationhavebecomevaluableonlyrecently,hesays.Theshockandangerwhenasocialmediafirmdoessomethingwithdatathatpeopledon'texpect,evenifusershaveapparentlypermission,showthatthecurrentsituationisn'tworking.Ifproperlyadministered,akitemarkontermsandconditionscouldhelppeopleknowwhatexactlytheyaresigningupto.Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthem.Whatdoesthephrasemeaninglessdrivel"inparagraphs1and3referto?Legalcontractsthatsocialmediafirmsmakepeoplesignupto.WarningsfromtheUKgovernmentagainstunsafewebsites.Guidelinesonhowtousesocialmediawebsitesproperly.Insignificantdatacollectedbysocialmediafirms.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatNigelShadboltdoubtswhether.socialmediafirmswouldconductasurveyonthekitemarkschemepeoplewouldpayasmuchattentiontoakitemarkastheythinkakitemarkschemewouldbeworkableonanationwidescalethekitemarkwouldhelpcompaniesdeveloptheirbusinessmodelsAndrewMillerthinkssocialmedianeedsmoreattentionthanbanksmainlybecause .A.theirusersconsistlargelyofkidsunder20yearsoldthelanguageintheircontractsisusuallyhardertounderstandtheinformationtheycollectedcouldbecomemorevaluableinfutureitremainsunknownhowusers'datawillbetakenadvantageofThewriteradvisesusersofsocialmediatoA.thinkcarefullybeforepostinganythingontosuchwebsitesB.readthetermsandconditionsevenifthereisakitemarkC.takenofurtheractioniftheycanfindakitemarkD.avoidprovidingtoomuchpersonalinformation77.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Saynotosocialmedia?Newsecurityrulesinoperation?Acceptwithoutreading?D.Administrationmatters!SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.（8分）（2016?上海）Walkingwillbebannedonescalatorsaspartofatraildesignedtoreducecongestion（擁堵）atsomeofthecountry'sbusieststations.Inthefirstmoveofitskind,alltravelerswillbeforcedtostandonbothsidesofescalatorsontheLondonUndergroundaspartofaplantoincreasecapacity（容量）attheheightoftherushhour.Asix—monthtrialwillbeintroducedatHolbornstationfrommid—April,eliminatingtheruleofstandingontherightandwalkingontheleft.Themove,imitatingasimilarstructureinFarEasterncitiessuchasHongKong,isdesignedtoincreasethenumberofpeopleusinglongescalatorsatthebusiesttimes,itcouldbeexpandedacrosstheTubenetworkincomingyears.AccordingtoLondonUnderground,only40percentoftravelerswalkthefulllengthoflongescalators,leavingthemajorityatthebottomastheywaittogetontothestandingside.Athree—weektrialatHolbornlastyearfoundthatthenumberofpeopleusingescalatorsatanyonetimeofcouldberaisedbyalmostathird.PeterMcNaught,operationsdirectoratLondonUnderground,said:Itmaynotseemrightthatyoucangoquickerbystandingstill,butourexperimentsatHolbornhaveprovedthatitcanbetrue.Thisnewsix—monthtrialwillhelpusfindoutifwecaninfluencecustomerstostandonbothsidesinthelongterm.”HolbornhasoneofthelongestsetsofescalatorsontheUndergroundnetworkat4high.Tubebossesclaimthatcapacitywaslimitedbecausesofewpeoplewantedtowalkup一meaningonlyonesidewasusedatalltimes.Researchhasshownthatitismoreeffectiveuseofescalatorsover18.5tobanwalking.Theprevioustrialfoundthatescalatorsatthestationnormallycarried2,500peoplebetween8:30amand9:30amonatypicalday,risingto3,250duringtheresearchingperiod.Inthenewtrial,whichwillbelaunchedfromApril18,oneofthreeup“escalatorswillbestandingonly,withasecondbanningwalkingatpeaktimes.Athirdwillremainamixofwalkingandstanding.（Note:AnsweringthequestionsthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.）Whatistheexistingproblemwithstandingontherightandwalkingontheleft?Whatdidlastyear'sthree-weektrialatHolbornstationprove?Theresearchsuggeststhatwalkingshouldbeforbiddenonescalatorsthatareatleastinheight.Inthenewtrail,inadditiontooneescalatorbanningwalkinginrushhours,theotherup"escalatorswillbeusedfor.「TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.（3分）（2016?上海）我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能見報. （hope）.（3分）（2016?上海）二十世紀末中國經濟迅速發展. （witness）（3分）（2016?上海）為買一雙運動鞋而通宵排隊有意義嗎？（point）（3分）（2016?上海）雖然當時我年幼，不理解這部電影的含義，但我記得我的家人都感動得落淚了. （too-to…）.（3分）（2016?上海）我阿姨苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分. （Themoment…）.【分析】 文章講述了一個感人的故事． 作者因為工作的原因， 和母親在一起住了一個月． 期間，作者幫助干些家務和購買一些日常用品． 很快作者發現了一件奇怪的事： 家里的東西好像用的特別快． 為了找到原因， 作者開始留意母親的行蹤．結果很意外，原來母親每天都會帶著滿滿一包聽裝食品去難民營， 把食物分發給那的孩子． 知道真相后， 作者為母親那無私的愛而感動不已．【解答】 答案：Wondering后面一句是 Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks．中間是逗號分隔的，沒有連詞，說明這是一個簡單句，空格上要填非謂語動詞修飾，而且動詞 wonder與后面句子的主語 I之間構成主動關系，要用現在分詞形式，作原因狀語．故填 Wondering．what前面的句子是Idecidedtofollowher,中間有并列連詞and,說明這是并列句；而空格后面是 happenedtrulyamazedme．發生的事情讓我驚呆了． 句子的謂語動詞是 amazed，前面是一個主語從句，并且從句缺少主語，要用連接代詞 what（指事情）.故填what.which前面的句子是 Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp，后面的句子是 shedistributedittochildren．中間用逗號分隔， 說明這是一個主從復合句， 要用連接詞． inwhich相當于where,引導定語從句修飾前面的先行詞 therefugeecamp.故填which.haddone文章講述的是一件過去的事，題干中說 whywouldshemotwanttotellme她為什么不告訴我 （她做的事） ，可以知道母親做的事發生在作者發現以前， 所以是過去的過去，要用過去完成時態．故填 haddone．buying固定搭配． stopdoingsth停止做某事．Before題干中是 shecouldreact，Igaveherabighug兩個簡單句不能用逗號分隔，說明前面要填連詞.before連接時間狀語從句，表示 來不及??就….”句意：在母親還沒來得及反應，我就緊緊地抱住了她．故填 Before．．from固定搭配． keepfrom隱瞞．題干中keepitasecretfromme的意思是對我保守秘密． 故填from．how題干中shewas是一個主謂結構，放在介詞 by后，說明是作賓語從句，要用連詞；而selfless（無私的）是一個形容詞，要用how來修飾.故填how.【點評】 語法填空題是考查學生對語篇的理解能力和語言知識的應用能力． 解題時， 要在理解文章的基礎上，充分考慮語境和上下文的聯系．【考點】 語法填空．【分析】 文章講的是壓力在人的生活中究竟是好還是壞． 過去人們對壓力很陌生， 然而現在壓力總是掛在人們嘴邊． 近些年來， 壓力給人們的生活帶來很多問題， 高血壓，精神疾病都是生活壓力導致的． 和許多事物一樣， 壓力也有正反兩個方面： 太大的壓力會導致身體傷害，沒有壓力也會讓人碌碌無聞．在某種程度上說，壓力越大，成就也就越大； 當如果超出了自己的承受能力，壓力就百害而無一益了．所以，我們要學會控制生活中的壓力．【解答】33.hasbeenregarded短語搭配.regard。?as??認為，把??看作. 題干中regard的賓語是stress,要用變動；前面有時間狀語 Inrecentyears近些年來，表示從過去到現在，是完成時態的時間狀語．所以要用現在完成時態的變動語態．故填 hasbeenregarded．that強調句型.itis??that??用來對主語onlytoomuchstress進行強調，只有太多的壓力才會帶來傷害．故填 that．better固定句型.the+比較級…，the+比較級??表示越怎樣，就越怎樣.故填 better.a固定短語． anumberof大量，許多的意思．故填 a．you邏輯推理．前面句子說的是 askingyourselfanumberofquestions問你自己問題；后面說Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof（you）例如你有沒有覺得對自己的期待過高．故填 you．annoyed短語搭配.前面說gettingimpatient對什么不耐煩，后面用or（或者）表示并列結構（ getting） annoyedwith對什么厭煩．故填 annoyed．control情態動詞.hadbetter最好，是一個特殊的情態動詞，后面要用動詞原形.故填control．toget短語搭配.belikelytodosth很可能怎樣，后接動詞不等式.故填toget.．【分析】 本文是一篇說明文，主要講述的是好的設計應該包括四個黃金定律．【解答】 41．Dcapture是動詞，意思是 “獲得，捕獲 ”，本句中該次構成的是不定式短語 “tocapture…柞動詞try的賓語.句意：多年以來，設計師和藝術家一直都在努力搞清楚好的設計的本質．E名詞 decorations，意思是“裝飾”，該詞在句中作動詞 avoid的賓語．本段的主題句是 “Lessismore”，倡導裝修設計的簡單化.句意：設計應該避免不必要的裝飾物.J形容詞soulless,意思是沒有靈魂的”，該詞在本句中作定語，修飾名詞 design.根據前半句TheAmerican—bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly”可知：美國建筑家RobertVenturi總結說——如果簡約沒有做好，那么這樣的設計就是沒有靈魂的．G動詞短語experimentwith,意思是試用，用??做實驗”，句意：后現代主義設計師們再一次開始試驗裝飾和顏色．C名詞 appliance，意思是“電器，電氣工具 ”，該詞可由后面列舉的例子 “ovensandkettles”推理得知，指的是廚房電器等物品．H形容詞intended,意思是預期的“，本句中該詞和系動詞is構成系表結構.句意：對用戶來說最重要的是產品到達了預期的效果．B形容詞adjustable,意思是可調節的”，本句中該詞做定語修飾名詞 desklamp,意思是何調節的臺燈”，與后句中的regularadjustmentsbytheuser”形成前后呼應.F動詞direct,意思是對準，指揮”，本句中該詞與名詞light構成動賓關系.句意：最重要的是，它需要對準需要光線的地方．A動詞短語take-intoaccount把??考慮在內句意：他認為設計必須要把自然的直覺考慮在內，如：視覺，嗅覺，觸覺和味覺．K動詞 squeeze，意思是“擠壓”，本句中該詞和名詞 thetoothpaste構成動賓關系． 句意：我們很喜歡一個看起來很酷的裝置，能讓我們很容易地把牙膏擠到我們的牙刷上．（15分）【考點】 社會文化．【分析】本篇主要介紹了美國著名管理大師以及行為科學家麥格雷戈的 X理論-Y理論”--消極的X理論，即人性本惡，在工作中人本能地不喜歡工作；積極的Y理論，即人性本善，在工作中人都有在工作中獲得滿足感的潛能．【解答】51—55DABDC56—60BADAC61—65BBDACDdesire需求，欲望； seek尋找；lose失去，丟失； dislike不喜歡．本句簡單介紹了X理論，由后半句 andwilldoanythingtoavoidit可以推知，人們本能地 工作，這里應該是 dislike．AmanymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX（管理者們仍然同意 X理論），由despite。still關鍵詞可知，即使有很多關于 Y理論的有力證據，管理者仍然堅持 X理論，因而，空格處代表的是 “Y理論”，即是X理論的相反，故選 contrary．Bviceversa反之亦然；forexample,比如；however然而；otherwise否則.根據整句內容，這里是順勢舉例，沒有轉折的意思，因此為 forexample．D根據前后句的解釋，X理論是一種贊同專制的理論，因此此處為 above（上頭，上面的階級），表示決定impose（強加）自上頭，在沒有任何協商的情況下（withoutanyconsultation）．C由后文內容可知，不同的文化，有不同的管理人的辦法，在這一點上，西方開始效仿東方國家．這里為 managing．B根據文化常識，東方國家要求他人服從 /奉獻，因此 allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto（56）tothisprocess.止匕處為contributeto…，選項為B.A根據文化常識推理，東方國家是在普遍的認可下做出決定，因此此處西方國家效仿東方國家，所作的決定是基于普遍的認同下的， ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings，whicharebasedongeneral（57） ．此處為agreement．DSomeexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional （58） managerscannot.止匕處指出女性能夠成為效率更高的管理者， 因為她們有讓人達到共同目標的手段， 這里存在男性和女性的對比，that引導定語從句，表示男性沒有的一種力量”，因而為male.A由前一句可知 toencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative（鼓勵員工的主動性） ，因此后一句表達 “不需要征詢管理者的同意 ”，征詢， asking．C此句關鍵字為 downsizing（精簡，裁員），因而冒號后為解釋前句的意思， 因此為reducing（減少）．B后一句為Afterde-layeringinthisway的結果，可知結果是 只剩下了最高的高級管理者，最前沿的管理者以及直接接觸公眾的雇員（atoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic），答案 B．BEmpowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托） muchfurtherthanhas（62）___beenthecase.比起傳統中自己處理事情，授權更多地采用委托他人來解決事情.根據句意，應為traditionally．Ddeny否定，admit承認，assume奪取，假定， ensure確保；此處提到授權的好處，TOC\o"1-5"\h\z應該是“確保”，答案為 D．Avirtual虛擬的，ineffective無效的，day-to-day日復一日的，on-the-scene現場的,根據后文內容，teamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses,可知是虛擬的.Copinion意見，risk風險，performance表現，attractiveness吸引力，本句句意是 “管理者對員工的表現的考核是根據他們為項目作出的貢獻，而不是他們在上面所花的時間 “，因而答案為 C．【點評】作答此題， 考生需根據前后文對句子表達的意思進行推導， 理清前后文的邏輯關系，注意抓住關鍵詞和關鍵句所透露出的信息． 在平時，考生需注意詞匯的積累， 避免因為詞匯而造成對文章理解的困難．66?【分析】本文是一篇記敘文.敘述了作者通過閱讀詩歌 pattypoem”感受到了詩歌的美，從而愛上詩歌的故事．一天清晨，我走進起居室， 發現媽媽在讀一首詩，我的興趣被激發起來了，主要是因為這本書封面上的字 Poems”是用很大的，艷麗的粉紅色書寫的.這首詩揭示的是當她的孩子長大和離開她時的父母的感情． 對我來說， 因為我長大之后也要離開媽媽，這會讓我的媽媽非常難受．因為這首詩歌，作者感受到了詩歌的美，讓作者愛上了詩歌．【解答】 66．B細節理解題．根據第一段最后一句話 “Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword“Poems”appearedinbig，hotpinkletters．”可知：我的興趣被激發起來了，主要是因為這本書封面上的字 Poems”是用很大的，艷麗的粉紅色書寫的，故答案選 B.A細節理解題． 根據文中的 “Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme．WhoeverPattywas，shewasameangirl．”可知：當我讀完這首詩的時候，我很難過．故答案選 A．D推理判斷題． 根據文中的 “Tomymother，thepoemrevealedaparent’saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves．Tome，the“she”inthepoemwashorror．Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad．”可知：對媽媽來說，這首詩揭示的是當她的孩子長大和離開她時的父母的感情．對我來說，詩歌中的那個 “她”是可怕的，這會讓我的媽媽非常難受． 所以作者的母親喜歡讀這首pattypoem”是因為這首詩歌讓她和未來可能發生的事情聯系起來了，故答案選 D.A推理判斷題．根段據文章的最后一段 “Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems，but“PattyPoem”remainsmypoem．Afterall，“PattyPoem”gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits，butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost．”可知：這首詩歌讓作者感受到了詩歌的美， 讓作者愛上了詩歌， 不是因為這首詩提起了我的精神，而是因為它是讓我感觸最深的一首詩．因此是這首詩歌引領作者發現了詩歌的力量，故答案選 A．【分析】 本文介紹了人們一直努力減少溫室氣體的排放， 并設立了到 2100年我們應該達成的目標以及達成目標要符合的條件．【解答】 70．D71．D72．BD推理判斷題． 根據文章第一段三至六句 “Sincethen，manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyoto??stuckbynearly200countries;alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.”可知自從20世紀早期開始人類就一直在努力減少溫室氣體的排故，希望能減緩全球變暖的趨勢．故 D項正確．．D推理判斷題． 根據文章第二段 “Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialPanspromisestoreducecarbonemissions；”可知如果各國的氣體排故能夠符合巴黎協議的要求，到 2100年氣溫會比現在高三度．而根據第三段 “Tomeetthisminimumgoal”可知最小的目標是上升兩度．也就是說即使各國的氣體排砍能夠符合巴黎協議的要求，也達不到最小的目標．故 D正確．B細節理解題．根據第四段 “1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow—lyingislandnationslikeKir