書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-吉首大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

He（）incourtthathehadseentheprisonerrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.

問題1選項

A.justified

B.witnessed

C.testified

D.identified

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項justify“證明合法，證明……是正當的”；B選項witness“目擊，證明，為……作證”；C選項testify“作證，證明”；D選項identify“確定，鑒定，識別”。四個選項都可以表示“作證，證明”，但testifyincourt是固定用法，表示“出庭作證”，所以選項C正確。

2.單選題

Inourcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingto（）povertyandbackwardness.

問題1選項

A.figureout

B.wipeout

C.carryout

D.takeout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項figureout“理解，算出”；B選項wipeout“消滅，消除”；C選項carryout“實行”；D選項takeout“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我們偉大的社會主義國家里，千百萬普通男女正在為消除貧窮落后而無私地工作著。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Yesterdayafternoonamultitudeofpeopleattendedthefundraisingpresentationinthemall

問題1選項

A.smallnumber

B.specialgroup

C.hugecrowd

D.youthfulteam

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。amultitudeof許多的，大批的。只有C項“hugecrowd大群人”正確。句意：昨天下午，許多人參加了在商場舉行的募捐活動。

4.單選題

Onemajorobstacle[A]toeconomicdevelopmentispopulationgrowth.[B]Thepopulationsofmostdevelopingcountriesgrowataratemuchfasterthan[C]thatofindustrializedcountries.Onereasonforthisgrowthisthehighcrudebirth-rate—thenumberof[D]livebirthsper1,000people.

問題1選項

A.to

B.Thepopulations

C.that

D.livebirths

【答案】C

【解析】考查代詞用法。B選項與C選項中間有比較標志than說明兩者之間有比較。C選項的that指代thepopulations，應與前面的復數形式保持一致，應把that改為those。

5.單選題

ChlorineisamainstayinmostswimmingpoolsintheUnitedStates,andisusedtoeradicatebacteria.Abacteria-freepoolwillusuallyensurethatswimmerswon'tcontractaseriousillnessiftheyspendtimein,andpossiblyingest,thewater.Whenchlorineisaddedtopoolwater,achemicalreactionoccurswherebythechlorinebreaksdownintoalegionchemicalsthatcombinetokillbacteriathatmaybeinthewater.Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.Thischemicalreactiondoesn’toccurimmediately-individualcomponentswithinchlorinetakevaryingamountsoftimetointeractwiththebacteria,creatinganalmosttime-release-typeofkillinthepoolwater.

Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.Astheyreact,thehypochlorousacidandhypochloriteioncombinetocreateaparticularacceptablepHlevelinthepoolwater.ApHisameasureofthealkalinityandaciditypresent;apHvalueof7representsaneutralvalue,and7.4isthepHvalueofthehumantear.ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.Asthechemicalsinchlorinecompletetheirreactions,theybreakdownandarenolongereffectiveinkeepingthepoolwaterneutralized.Additionalchlorinemustbeaddedtowateratspecifictimes.Outdoorpoolsthatareindirectsunlightneedtohavewateraddedmoreoftenbecausethechemicalreactiontimeforchlorineisincreasedanditseffectivenessisreducedintheseconditions.Sincethehypochloriteionisanespeciallypotentchemicalcapableoffadingfabricsandpaint,mostpeoplearemeticulousaboutrinsingchlorinefrompotentiallyaffectedareas.Althoughchlorineisinexpensiveandwidelyavailable,somepeoplefindthebleachsmelltoberepugnantandthedistinctaromapresentatmanyswimmingpoolstobeoverwhelming.Thesepeoplemaynotbeabletoenjoyaquaticpursuitsinthosepoolsthatemploychlorineasacleansingagent.Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.

1.Accordingtothepassage,astablepHvalueinpoolwaterisdependentuponwhichofthefollowing

（

）.

2.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto

（

）.

3.Basedonthepassage,whichstatementisprobablyNOTtrueofchlorine?

4.TheauthorincludestheinformationaboutthepHofhumantearsmainlyto（

）.

5.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutchlorineEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Ensuringthatthereisonlyaminimumamountofbacteriainthewater

B.Monitoringandaddingchlorinewhenwarranted

C.Payingcloseattentiontothereactionsofchemicalsinthepoolwater

D.Ensuringthatwaterisprotectedfromdirectsunlight

問題2選項

A.offeranunbiasedopinionofchlorine，sefficacy

B.provideanargumentforusingchlorine

C.discussthechemicalreactiontakingplacewithinapool

D.showhowchlorinecankeeppoolwatersafe

問題3選項

A.Itcanbeharmfulifswallowed.

B.Occasionalhighlevelsinpoolwaterareprobablynotharmful.

C.Itcankillmostcommontypesofpoolwaterbacteria.

D.Apool’ssizewilldictatetheamountneeded.

問題4選項

A.givethereaderabaseofreference

B.provideavisualimageforthereader

C.personalizethepassagetoenhanceinterest

D.answerthereader’santicipatedquestion

問題5選項

A.chlorine'sefficacyisaffectedbysunlight

B.chlorineismadeupoftwochemicals:hypochlorousacidandhypochlorineion

C.chlorineisusuallysaidtobemalodorous

D.chlorinelevelsmustberoutinelyassessedinpoolwater

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節事實題。定位到第二段“Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.氯必須定期補充”及“ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.必須定期監測pH值比，以確保一致的最佳速率-通常保持在一個可靠的pH值測量試劑盒測量的7至8的光譜范圍內。”可知B項“必要時監測并加氯”符合題意。

2.作者意圖題。由第一段“Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.這些化學物質，特別是次氯酸和次氯酸鹽離子，通過消滅和氧化可惡的細胞來消滅細菌。當這種化學反應發生時，細菌基本上是無害的。”可知作者主要是想介紹氯氣是如何確保泳池干凈和安全的。

3.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段“Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.其他人可能會發現，吸入一些泳池周圍高濃度的氯可能很難忍受。還有一些人在含有氯的游泳池游泳后可能會感到皮膚刺激。雖然有其他化學物質和化合物可以用來清潔游泳池，但它們可能昂貴得令人望而卻步，或者無法殺死水中存在的所有類型的細菌。”可知有些人吸入一些泳池周圍高濃度的氯可能很難忍受。故B項“偶爾泳池里的氯含量高可能是無害的。”表述錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。作者通過舉例直觀地解釋PH值的知識，讓讀者有一些了解

5.細節事實題。根據對本文第二段的理解，一旦氯氣在太陽光下，那么它的有效性就會降低，而第一段指出氯氣中發生反應的化學元素主要是次氯酸和次氯酸離子，但這無法推理出就僅僅只有這兩種物質，B項“氯由兩種化學物質組成：次氯酸和低氯離子”答案過于絕對。

6.單選題

Thefillingstation（）becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.

問題1選項

A.wentunder

B.wentthrough

C.fellout

D.fellthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項gounder“破產，屈服”；B選項gothrough“參加，經受，仔細檢查，通過”；C選項fellout“爭吵”；D選項fellthrough“未能實現”。句意：這個加油站破產了，因為街上還有很多其他的加油站。選項A符合語境。

7.單選題

Duringthelastwar,andeveninitsfinalstages,thelightsweredimmed,butnot____.

問題1選項

A.distinguished

B.disturbed

C.exhibit

D.extinguished

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.distinguished杰出的B.disturbed心煩意亂的

C.exhibit展出D.extinguished熄滅

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“燈光變暗了，但沒有____。”D選項extinguished“熄滅”與前文“燈光變暗”語義銜接最緊密。

【干擾項排除】

A選項distinguished“杰出的”，為extinguished的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接；

B選項disturbed“心煩意亂的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項exhibit“展出”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】在上次戰爭期間，甚至在戰爭的最后階段，燈光都變暗了，但并沒有熄滅。

8.單選題

Wewouldjustassoonstayathome（）goforawalk.

問題1選項

A.than

B.but

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。would(just)assoon...as意為“寧愿...也不...”。句意“我們寧愿待在家里也不愿出去散步。”所以選項C正確。

9.單選題

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter—Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍縱即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting”.Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststagewriting?

4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat（）.

5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

問題1選項

A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D.onecannotusethematthesametime

問題2選項

A.puttingtheirideasinrawform

B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

問題3選項

A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically

B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic

C.Togetone’sideasdown.

D.Tocollectrawmaterials

問題4選項

A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

問題5選項

A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape

B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim

D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第二段最后一句“Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.”如果你想讓寫作成為思考的工具，你必須先學會創作，然后再修改。所以作者說二者不能并行的意思是不能同時使用，選項D正確。

2.細節事實題。根據第二段第一句“Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter”在飛快的寫作過程中修改可能是我們大多數人遇到的最大障礙。選項B符合原文。

3.細節事實題。根據第三段最后一句“Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.”當文字開始流暢起來時，想法也會從陰影中浮現出來，并呈現于記事本或屏幕上。由此可知，第一步寫作的主要目的是將想法記錄下來，選項C符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句“Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.”很有可能，你會認為這比你實際擁有的時間要長，而且隨著最后期限的臨近，你最終會茫然地盯著這一頁。由此可推斷，對自由寫作的擔憂是寫作的人對自由寫作的擔憂是之后的編輯時間太長，選項B符合原文。

5.推理判斷題。根據第五段的內容，不要盯著空白的屏幕，用文字來填滿它，無論這些文字多么糟糕。在你可用的時間的一半，停下來，把你之前的寫作重寫成更接近成品的東西。反復修改，直到時間耗盡，最終的結果很可能比之前的練習要好得多。由此可知，批判性思維能夠幫助寫作更加完善。選項A正確。

10.單選題

Computersystemsemploymanytacticstothwartunauthorizedaccess.Manycomputersystemsrequireausertoenterasecretpasswordtogainaccess.

問題1選項

A.strengthen

B.prevent

C.supervise

D.restrict

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。thwart表示“挫敗，反對，阻礙”；A項strengthen“加強，鞏固”，B項prevent“預防，防止，阻止”，C項supervise“監督，管理，指導”，D項restrict“限制，約束，限定”。句意：計算機系統采用許多策略來阻止未經授權的訪問；許多計算機系統要求用戶輸入密碼才能進入。因此，根據句意可知B選項正確。

11.單選題

Marywassuretowintheprize.Herbeautyandintelligencemadeher（

）fromthecandidates.

問題1選項

A.showoff

B.standout

C.appearup

D.distinguishout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。showoff“炫耀”；standout“突出，脫穎而出”；appearup“出現”；distinguishout“分辨出”。句意：Mary肯定能獲獎。她的美麗和聰明將讓她從候選者中脫穎而出。由前半句以及Herbeautyandintelligence可知她的外貌和才智將使她從候選者中脫穎而出。答案B

12.單選題

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

問題1選項

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。prick意為“刺，扎，戳”；poke意為“戳，捅”；probe意為“追問，探究”；peer意為“凝視”。

句意：一個好的科學家會探究一個問題的所有方面去找到解決方案。

13.不定項選擇題

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

問題1選項

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

問題2選項

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

問題3選項

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

問題4選項

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

問題5選項

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

問題6選項

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

問題7選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

問題8選項

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干提到第一段話暗示什么。文章第一段第一句話說Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命運（被抓到真實的或者虛假的交通違規要罰款的命運）），根據關鍵詞some可知，A選項“大部分人被抓到交通違規之后反應很強烈”錯誤；B選項“摩托車司機可能會被警察錯誤地指控了”文中沒有提及；C選項“超速者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到后不能為自己辯護”錯誤，第一段這個例子就是說300名駕車者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到違規，起訴交警部門后勝訴了，所以說超速者是可以為自己辯護的；第一段最后一句話…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所謂的“紅燈攝像頭”拍攝的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），這就是說D選項“紅路燈會說謊”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。句意指法院的決定產生了什么樣的影響。我們定位到第二段第一句話…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn這項決定更加激發了關于增加使用該設備的決定），從fueled這個詞可知并不是這項判決引起的討論，而是討論本身就存在，判決加重了討論，A選項“引發了關于是否使用攝像頭的討論”錯誤；B選項“判決赦免了少部分闖紅燈被抓者的處罰”；C選項“判決發現支持紅燈攝像頭的人更少”，這兩項文中都沒有提及；定位到第二段第三句話ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris將于本周發布的民意調查顯示，69%的美國人支持使用該設備。但是，至少有7個州打回了關于安裝這些設備的提案），所以D選項“阻止了一些州安裝攝像頭”正確。

第3題:事實細節題。由題干關鍵詞“Opponents”（反對者），我們定位到文章第二段倒數第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反對者……認為這些攝像頭侵犯了隱私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分問題在于，幾乎所有的設備都是由私人公司操作的，他們負責從安裝機器到識別違規行為的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察監督下——并有盡可能多地吸引司機的動機。），這里可知C選項“攝像頭確實是私人公司安裝的”排除；從關鍵詞minimal可知D選項“攝像頭是在警察的監控之下的”是錯誤的，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實細節題。根據關鍵詞policedepartmentbelieves我們定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部門發誓，研究表明，機器人攝像頭可以阻止人們超速和闖紅燈。）第三段最后兩句話Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事實并非如此，華盛頓警察局執行助理局長特倫斯?蓋納（TerranceGainer）堅持認為。“我們減少了死亡人數。”）這兩句可以看出交警部門認為攝像頭維持了交通秩序，所以選B選項“攝像頭有效地維持了交通秩序”。A選項“攝像頭不應該由私人公司運營”，D選項“公司運營攝像頭的目的不應該賺錢”，這兩個都不是交警部門的看法，C選項“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章沒有提及。

第5題:詞匯推斷題。A選項“細微的”；B選項“普遍的”；C選項“巨大的”D選項“無限的”。根據題干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句話“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（該公司每張罰單能夠收到多達70美元的罰款，因而該公司總收入相當可觀）”，我們根據后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（圣地亞哥去年入賬1590萬美元，華盛頓入賬1280萬美元。“這一切都是關于錢，”國會議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評者。），從這句可以看出，華盛頓和圣地亞哥收到的交通罰款數量巨大，不然不會受到來自國會議員的批評。由此推測，答案選A。

第6題:判斷推理題。根據題干中的人名定位到文中提到該人物的地方，即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（“這一切都是關于錢”國會議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評者。）所以選B選項“鮑勃?巴爾強烈反對美國特殊賺錢方式”。A選項“鮑勃?巴爾是眾議院的領導者”不符合文意，鮑勃?巴爾是安裝攝像頭的主要的反對者但是不是眾議院的領導者，排除A；C選項“鮑勃?巴爾對技術是否充滿信心”，文中沒有提及，排除；D選項“質疑電子收集信息的權威性”文中也沒有提及。

第7題:觀點態度題。A選項“積極”；B選項“消極”；C選項“漠不關心”；D選項“不確定”。整篇文章作者只是比較客觀地描述了一些現象，文章中沒有明顯的句子或者詞語表現出作者的態度，所以對于作者的態度我們是不明確的，答案選D。

第8題:事實細節題。根據題干的關鍵詞“driversinEuropeancountries”，我們定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.（在歐洲，部署了數以千計的攝像頭并且這些攝像頭甚至比在這里（美國）更不受歡迎，心懷不滿的司機們已經開始采取行動，尋找隱藏的攝像頭，并用汽車撞倒它們。）”，由此答案選D選項“采用極端的手段對付攝像頭”，從最后一段可以看出，歐洲司機也不支持攝像頭的安裝，所以A選項“支持攝像頭的安裝”錯誤；B選項“數以千計的攝像頭被毀壞”，數以千計的攝像頭是總數而不是被毀壞的數量，所以不選；C選項“歐洲首先使用攝像頭”文章沒有提及，所以排除。

14.單選題

Popstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofroyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereportedfor,likeRoyaltypopstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearanceinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendaryfamousstarsenjoyingfame,wealthadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePop”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal!

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompanies?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrencyoftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcernsandthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundr