1、2001考研英語答案解析【篇一：2001年考研英語真題和答案】txtsection i structure and vocabulary part a directions: beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that best completes the sentence. mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in

2、the brackets with a pencil. (5 points) example: i have been to the great wall three times _ 1979. a from b after c for d since the sentence should read, “i have been to the great wall three times since 1979. therefore, you should choose d. sample answer a b c 1. if i were in movie, then it would be

3、about time that i _ my head in my hands for a cry. a bury b am burying c buried d would bury 2. good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the british recapture of the port _ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. a to announce b announced c announcing d was announced 3. accor

4、ding to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one _ wait instead of searching for it. a would rather b had to c cannot but d had best 4. she felt suitably humble just as she _ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and po

5、inted. a had b had had c would have andd has had 5. there was no sign that mr. jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite _ from leadership of it, would intervene personally. a being resigned b having resigned c going to resign d resign 6. so involved with their computers _ that leaders a

6、t summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. a became the children b become the children c had the children become d do the children become 7. the individual tv viewer invariably senses that he or she is _ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge an

7、d diverse audience. a everything except b anything but c no less than d nothing more than 8. one difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation. a by b in c for d with 9. conversation becomes we

8、aker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself. a as b which c that d what 10. church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _ they christian, islamic, buddhist, jewish, and so on. a be b bei

9、ng c were d are part b directions: beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that best completes the sentence.mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points) example: the lo

10、st car of the lees was found _ in the woods off the highway. a vanished b scattered c abandoned d rejected the sentence should read. “the lost car of the lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway. there fore, you should choose c. sample answer a b d 11. he is too young to be able to _ be

11、tween right and wrong. a discard b discern c disperse d disregard 12. it was no _ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery. a coincidence b convention c certainty d complication 13. one of the responsibilities of the coast guard is to make sure that all ships _ follow traffic r

12、ules in busy harbors. a cautiously b dutifully c faithfully d skillfully 14. the eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all indians but seems to be _ the welfare of his animals. a critical about b indignant at c indifferent to d subject to 15. the chairman of the board _ on me

13、 the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ. a compelled b posed c pressed d tempted 16. it is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _. a for longb in and out c once for all d by nature 17. using extremely dif

14、ferent decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _ and lack of unity in style. a conflict b confrontation c disturbance d disharmony 18. the timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _. a thrived b swelled c prospered d

15、flourished 19. however, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry. a overturn b overtake c offset d oppress 20. because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _. a firm b company c corporation d enterprise 21.

16、when any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _. a novel b remote c distant d foreign 22. my favorite radio song is the one i first heard on a thick 1923 edison disc i _ at a garage sale. a trifled with b scraped through c stumbled upon d thirsted for

17、23. some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _. a descend b decline c deteriorated depress 24. equipment not _ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. a conforming to b consistent with c pre

18、dominant over d providing for 25. as an industry, biotechnology stands to _ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2023. a contend b contest c rival d strive 26. the authors of the united states constitution attempted to establish an effective national government whi

19、le preserving _ for the states and liberty for individuals. a autonomy b dignity c monopoly d stability 27. for three quarters of its span on earth, life evolved almost _ as microorganisms. a precisely b instantly c initially d exclusively 28. the introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and

20、 arrow _, particularly in western europe. a obscure b obsolete c optional d overlapping 29. whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _ and needs proving. a spontaneous b hypothetical c intuitive d empirical 30. the future of this company is _: many of its talented empl

21、oyees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses. a at odds b in trouble c in vain d at stake【篇二：2001年考研英語閱讀解析】=txt第一篇 specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. by splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one m

22、an could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. but specialization was only one of a series of related of scientific activity. 專業化可被視為針對科學知識不斷膨脹這個問題所做出的反響。通過將學科細化成小單元，人們能夠繼續處理這些不斷膨脹的信息并將它們作為深入研究的根底。但是專業化僅是科學領域內一系列影響交流過程的有關現象之一。另一現象是科學活動的日益職業化。 no clear-cut d

23、istinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. specialization ( in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, )implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. the trend was na

24、turally most obvious illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the united kingdom. 在科學領域內，專業人員與業余人員之間沒有絕對的區分：任何規那么都有其例外。但是“業余這個詞確實有含義：那就是所指的那個人沒有完全融入某個科學家群體，特別是，他可能并不完全認同這個群體的價值觀。長難句19世紀的專業化的開展，以及隨之而來的對訓練的長期性和復雜性的要求，對業余人員進入科學界造成了更大的困難。這一趨勢在以數學訓練或實驗室訓練為根底的科學領域里自然表現得最為突出，英國地質學的開展可以說明這一問題長難

25、句。 research in their own righthave continued to pursue local studies in the old way. the overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, (a result that has been reinforced by the widespread consequence of this development, separate journals have now

26、appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. a rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come tog

27、ether nationally in a different way. 把英國最近一個半世紀的地質學刊物作一比擬，人們發現，不僅研究的重要性越來越受到強調，而且學術論文的出版標準也在不斷地發生變化長難句。因此，在19世紀，局部的地質學研究本身就代表了一種有價值的科研；而到了20世紀，局部的研究只有在包含或考慮到更廣闊的地質面貌時才越來越被專業人員接受佳句。另一方面業余人員繼續以舊的方式從事局部的研究。結果是，業余人員更難在專業地質刊物上發表論文。這種結果因為評審制度的引入表現得更突出。開始是19世紀國家級雜志的引入，后來是20世紀數家地方地質雜志的引入長難句。這樣開展的必然結果是出現了針對專

28、業讀者和業余讀者的不同雜志。類似的分化過程也導致專業地質學家聚集起來，形成一兩個全國性的團體，而業余地質學家那么要么留在地方性團體中，要么以不同方式組成全國性的團體。 although the process of professionalization and specialization was already well under way in british geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. in scie

29、nce generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 雖然職業化和專業化過程在19世紀的英國地質學界中己經開始形成，但是它的效果卻延遲到20世紀才充分顯示出來。然而，從科學這個整體來看，i9世紀必須被視為科學結構發生變化的關鍵時期。 21. the growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen

30、 in sciences such as _. aj sociology and chemistry b physics and psychology d physics and chemistry 22. we can infer from the passage that _. a there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation b amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science d amateurs hav

31、e national academic societies but no local ones 23. the author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _. a the process of specialisation and professionalisation b the hardship of amateurs in scientific study c the change of policies in scientific publications 24. the direct reason for s

32、pecialisation is _. a the development in communication b the growth of professionalization c the expansion of scientific knowledge 一、文章結構總體分析 這是一篇論述科學開展的專業化和職業化的文章。全文客觀地描述這一過程，并且以英國地質學的開展為例說明專業化開展導致專業人員和業余人員之間的分化越來越明顯。 第一段：科學知識的積累導致知識的進一步分類和分化，即專業化開展。與專業化開展同時并存的另一現象是科學活動的日益職業化。 第二段：專業化的開展給業余研究者的進入帶來

33、了困難，這種趨勢在某些科學領域尤為突出。 第三、四段指出：以英國地質學研究為例，說明專業人員和業余人員之間分化越來越明顯。而這種專業化和職業化的分化過程早在19世紀英國的地質學領域就已經開始形成。 二、試題具體解析 21. the growth of specialisation in the21. 19世紀專業化的開展在_科 19th century might be more clearly seen學領域更為顯見。 in sciences such as _. a sociology and chemistrya 社會學、化學 b physics and psychology b 物理學

34、、心理學 c sociology and psychology c 社會學、 心理學 d physics and chemistry d 物理學、 化學 答案d 解析此題考核的知識點是：事實細節題 + 常識。 文章第二段最后兩句話指出，“19世紀專業化的開展要求時間更長、內容更復雜的培訓，這使得非專業研究人員面臨越來越大的困難。這個趨勢在以數學訓練或實驗室訓練為根底的科學領域顯得更為突出。四個選項中涉及社會學、化學、物理學、心理學四個學科。根據常識，物理學、化學與地質學都是以數學和實驗室培訓為根底的科學，而社會學和心理學那么不是。比擬四個選項只有d選項“物理和化學是正確答案。 22. we c

35、an infer from the passage that _. 22從文中，我們可以推斷出_。 a there is little distinction between 專業化和職業化過程幾乎沒有區別 specialisation and professionalisation b amateurs can compete with professionals 業余研究者可以在某些科學領 in some areas of science 域與專業研究者相匹敵 c professionals tend to welcome amateurs 專業人員傾向于歡送業余人員參加 into the

36、 scientific community 他們的科學團體 d amateurs have national academic societies 非專業研究人員擁有全國性的學術 but no local ones 機構，但是沒有地方性的機構 答案b 解析此題考核的知識點是：推理引申題。 文章第一段最后兩句指出，“專業化僅僅是科學領域內影響交流過程的一系列相關科學開展的現象之一，另一現象是科學活動的日益職業化。由此可知，專業化和職業化是兩個不同的過程，因而可排除a選項；第二段最后一句指出“專業化的開展給業余研究者的進入帶來了困難，這種趨勢在某些科學領域尤為突出，其暗含的意思是在另外一些領域非專

37、業人員可以和專業人員去競爭，b選項表達了此意，是正確答案。在此根底上，第三段更是舉出英國地質學研究的例子來說明專業人員與非專業人員出現的越來越明顯的分化，因此選項明顯錯誤；d選項與第三段最后一句“業余人員有兩種選擇：或者呆在地方研究團體中，或者以另外一種方式在全國范圍內聯合不符。 23. the author writes of the development 23作者提到地質學開展的目的是為了 of geology to demonstrate . 說明_. a the process of specialisation and 職業化和專業化形成的過程 professionalisatio

38、n b the hardship of amateurs in 業余研究者在科學研究中碰到的困難 scientific study c the change of policies in scientific 科技出版物出版方針的變化 publications d the discrimination of professionals 專業研究者對業余研究者的歧視against amateurs 答案a 解析此題考核的知識點是：作者意圖題。 作者在第二段末句提到，業余研究者很難進入專業領域的趨勢可以通過英國地質學開展的例子很好地來說明。第三段談到英國地質學研究中出版標準的變化、專業和業余人員的

39、不同研究方式、業余人員在專業刊物上發表論文的困難及專業和業余兩種不同的刊物和學會的形成。可見，作者舉例的目的是描述職業化和專業化形成的過程，a選項正確。 b選項和c選項都是第三段提到的職業化和專業化開展過程中的具體表現，并不是例子旨在說明的問題。d選項文中未明確提出。 24.the direct reason for specialisation is 24. 造成專業化的直接原因_？ athe development in communication 交流的開展 bthe growth of professionalisation cthe expansion of scientific k

40、nowledge 答案c 解析此題考核的知識點是：細節題 第一段第一句指出，“專業化過程可以看作是對科學知識不斷積累問題的反映，其中response to與題干中的direct reason對應，因此c選項正確。文中提到a選項受專業化過程影響一段末句，b選項是與專業化開展并存的現象，d選項是專業化開展造成的結果，因此都不是專業化的直接原因。 三、文章長難句解析與佳句賞析 長難句分析: nevertheless, the word “amateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated

41、 into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. 句子主干是the word“amateurdoes carry a connotation，后面是that引導的同位語從句，從句的主干是：the person is not fully integrated into and not fully share，其中包含了兩個并列謂語。 the trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especi

42、ally on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the united kingdom. 句子主干是the trend was obvious in.and can be illustrated in terms of.。science后接過去分詞based on做定語。in terms of“以觀點/方式，就而說。 a comparison of british geological publications over

43、the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 句子主干是a comparison reveals not simply.but also.，并列連詞not onlybut also連接兩個并列賓語emphasis和definition，賓語后都接有介詞短語做定語。 the overall

44、 result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. 句子主干

45、是the result has been to make entrance harder for amateurs, a result。逗號后面局部a result相當于the result has been a result，a result后是that引導的定語從句，其中存在兩套被動結構，一是a result has been reinforced by the introduction of refereeing，另一套是 first the introduction of refereeing first by and then by。make sth. harder for sb.意

46、為“使某事對于某人來說更難了；referee原義為“當裁判，裁決，句中意為“出版評審制度。 職業化的開展 科學知識的擴展 dthe splitting up of academic societies 學術團體的分裂佳句賞析: thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become accept

47、able to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. 該句由but連接兩個分句，前后兩個不同的時間狀語表現了一種比照。結構嚴謹，比照鮮明，給人一目了然之感。 四、詞匯注釋 (1) specialisationn.專業化； specializev.in專攻，專門研究，使專用于； specializeda.專門的，專科的 (2) accumulationn.積累，積聚物； accumulatev. (3) split (v./n.) 裂開，劈開；分裂，別離； spl

48、it up使分裂； 使別離；分成小組； 美俚吵架；離婚 (4) professionalisationn.職業化； professionalizev.使職業化/專業化； professionala.專業的, 職業的n.自由職業者，專業人員 (5) clear-cuta.明確的，清晰的 (6) amateurn.業余愛好者；外行 (a.)業余的；非職業的；外行的 amateurshipn.業余者的資格或身份amateurisha.業余的，非職業的，不熟練的 amateurismn.n.業余性，非職業的作為 (7) connotationn.含義，內涵，隱含意義；言外之意 (8) integrat

49、e (v.)into，with使成為一體，使結合在一起，使合并； integrationn.綜合；integrativea.綜合的，一體化的 (9) participationn.參與，參加； participate (v.)in參加，參與；分享，分擔； participatorn.參與者，合作者； participatorya.供人分享的 (10) primacyn.首位，首要，首席 11in ones own right憑本身的權利能力、實力，資格 (12) reinforcev.加強，增援，增加，強化 (13) refereev.審閱，鑒定；裁判，仲裁n.仲裁人，調解人，體裁判員 14r

50、eckon (v.) 認為，估計；指望，想要；測算，依靠 as認為，視為，把看作 五、全文翻譯 專業化可被視為針對科學知識不斷膨脹這個問題所做出的反響。通過將學科細化成小單元，人們能夠繼續處理這些不斷膨脹的信息并將它們作為深入研究的根底。但是專業化僅是科學領域內一系列影響交流過程的有關現象之一。另一現象是科學活動的日益職業化。 在科學領域內，專業人員與業余人員之間沒有絕對的區分：任何規那么都有其例外。但是“業余這個詞確實有含義：那就是所指的那個人沒有完全融入某個科學家群體，特別是，他可能并不完全認同這個群體的價值觀。長難句19世紀的專業化的開展，以及隨之而來的對訓練的長期性和復雜性的要求，對業

51、【篇三：2001年考研英語真題及解析】 part i cloze test directions： for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the best one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) the government

52、 is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases1the trial of rosemary west. in a significant 2of legal controls over the press, lord irvine, the lord chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strict

53、ly control the amount of 5that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins. in a letter to gerald kaufman, chairman of the house of commons media select committee, lord irvine said he7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9of the letter came two

54、days after lord irvine caused a10of media protest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in european legislation would be left to judges12 to parliament. the lord chancellor said introduction of the human rights bill, which13the european convention on human rights legally14 in britain, laid

55、 down that everybody was15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “press freedoms will be in safe hands16our british judges, he said. witness payments became an 17 after west was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. up to 19 witnesses were18t

56、o have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. concerns were raised19witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to20guilty verdicts. 1.aas tobfor instancecin particulardsuch as 2.atightening bintensifyingcfocusing dfastening 3.asketch brough cpreliminary ddraf

57、t 4.aillogical billegal cimprobabledimproper 5.apublicity bpenalty cpopularitydpeculiarity 6.asincebif cbefore das 7.asidedbsharedccomplied dagreed 8.apresent boffer cmanifest dindicate 9.arelease bpublication cprinting dexposure 10.astormbrage cflare dflash 11.atranslationbinterpretation cexhibitio

58、nddemonstration12.abetter than bother than crather thandsooner than 13.achangesbmakes csetsdturns 14.abindingbconvincing crestraining dsustaining 15.aauthorizedbcredited centitled dqualified 16.awithbto cfromdby 17.aimpact bincident cinference dissue 18.astated bremarked csaiddtold 19.awhatbwhen cwh

59、ich dthat 20.aassure bconfide censure dguarantee part ii reading comprehension directions: each of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each questions there are four answers marked a, b, c and d. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. then m

60、ark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points) passage 1 specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. by splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man c