1、一定從概 定限制性定定語從句狀語從句，詞性從句定語從用作定語的從句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，是主句不可缺少的一部分；類關詞語從句非限制性定語從句關系代詞關系副詞如省去，主句意義不完整或失去意義。對主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情況，起補充說明作用；如省 去，主句意義仍完整。that, which, whom, whose, 等 where, why 等二引定從的系關代關副whichwhomas指物和人指物指人指人和物指物指時間指地點指原因在從句中作主語或賓語 在從句中作主語或賓語 在從句中作主語或賓語 在從句中作賓語 在從句中作定語 在從句中作主語 在從句中作時間狀語 在從句中作地點狀

2、語 在從句中作原因狀語三關代辨 關系代詞 與 which先行詞指物時， 與 which 一可以互，但也有特殊情況。通常使用 that 的情況：先行詞為 all, anything, much, few, none 等不定代詞 或先行詞被序數詞容最高級或 few, only, no, all, every, very 等飾時： I ve made up my and nothing that you will change the walking robot that without GPS.This is that I ever The only thing baby healthy.通常使用

3、 which 情況：當引導非限制性定語從句或關系代詞前有介詞時。如：Bogart in film which was made in 1942.The for had fought all no seemed important to 關系代詞 與 which 和 都引導非限制性定語從句指代整個主句或主句的一部分 引導的從句放在句末，而 as 引的從句既可位于句首，又可位于句中或句末。如： known to Mark Twain is a great writer.The expected, was over thousand.I live a long way from as / which

4、 know.四“介 關系詞引導定從句 在 “ 介 + 關系詞 引的定語從句中，系代詞指物時只能用 which，指時只能用 whom如：The valley in which town ll go to see the writer talked. 在介+關代”引的定語從句中介詞的選用取決于句子意義的需要句動詞、 形容詞、副詞與介詞的搭配。如：In the I never seem to have until after p.m., by people gone I t the I talked The test about which was very out to be successful

5、.For bathing a luxury to which we forward when visiting Iceland. “介詞+關系代詞前有名詞、數詞或 some, any, none, both, all, few 等 代詞。如：The classroom, the of which is will repaired soon. brought with her three I had ever met loves his both of whom very him.五特先詞的語句 先行詞是 ，如果關系詞在從句中作狀語，常用 hy 或 for 導；關系詞在 從句中作主語或賓語，用

6、that 或 which 引。如：d like to know for which t the job.There that / which more important. tell me the / which he told 先行詞是表示方式的 時，定語從句可用 that 或 引，也可省略。如： liked way (that / in which) he so went on writing. 先行詞是 stage, situation, 等地點含義的抽象名詞，且關系詞在定語 從句中作狀語時，用 where 引。如：I in position I be a for could a whe

7、re you have to decide a for an atmosphere where willing to communicate with 六關詞省 關系代詞在限制性定語從句作賓語時可省略。如：The (that / which) is 在某些表示時間、地點的詞的限制性定語從句中，關系副詞在口語中有時省略。如：I ll forget the year I in Beijing.This is place I lived five ago.注：限制性定語從句通常由 where 及介+which / 引，且關系詞一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定語從句中which 可指代整個主句 內容。定

8、語從練習用當關詞空 Now Irene Astbury works from 9 5 pm daily at the in Macclesfield, _ with late husband Les. We were greeted with barking pack of dogs, seven to be exact. They well by _ great experience with caring Uniforms be useful in unexpected A school in Ireland has introduced an uniform. On the edge o

9、f there is piece of cloth _ gives off light in the benefitting most from are those _ totally engaged in taking full advantage of s Their is stage she can not full We have into age _ dreams the chance of coming true. Two of the authors of study in _ five to of the of heart early deaths from all Chine

10、se Ministry of Agriculture finds that when the a _ recommendations to and fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 tons. _ to China much less in they realize how cheap it can be out.10. Self-driving an _ and of world are on the same 11. _ I a room with when we were at college, has gone work in Australia.12. Sh

11、e her family _ helps them keep fit.答 which which / that where that / which / 11. / / when that / which10. where12. which狀語從一狀從的型關詞狀語從句根據其用途可分為時間狀語從句點狀語從句原因狀語從句目的狀語從 句、結果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句九種。時間狀語從句 when, while, until till, as directly, immediately, time, . hardly . 等導地點狀語從句：由 where, eve

12、rywhere 等導。原因狀語從句由 as, now that, seeing in 等導。 目的狀語從句：由 so, that, in in order for 等導。結果狀語從句：由 so (that), . such . with the that 等導。條件狀語從句：由 if, unless, / as long only if, on condition in case, / (that)等引導。讓步狀語從句：由 although, though, if / . ，疑問詞 ”構 成的復合詞“no matter 疑詞等引導。方式狀語從句：由 like, if / though, way

13、 等導。比較狀語從句：由 引。二常關詞意項 whenwhen 導時間狀語從句時句的動作既可與主句動作同時發生可先后發生： was having dinner when I him. the lights went I lit some ） 還可引導條件狀語從句，意如果。：I give you when say “please whilewhile 引導時間狀語從時句的謂語一般是延續性動如 stay, live 等 如：Please t talk while ）while 引讓步狀語從句時，相當于 / though。while although 引導的讓步狀語 從句不用倒裝語序， 引導的讓步狀語

14、從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如：While / Although / Though is she will feel homesick beginning.Happy bride is, she will homesick beginning. until 和 till） 和 till 都表示直，常可互換，但 till 一般不用句首，也不用于強調句中。如： We till / until they got home.Until I read book I an exciting he It until see her mother ill in bed.） / till 從句與肯定的主句連用時主

15、句的謂語動詞一般是延續性動詞，表示主句的動 作一直持續到 until / till 所示的時間為止。如： here until the Mr. remained till his arrived. / till 從與否定的主句連用時的謂語動詞是非延續性動詞“直到才， 即主句的動作到 until / till 所示時間才開始。如：David t go to till his wife Leo didnt leave until had over lesson.）not until 后從句位于句首時，主句需部分倒裝。如：Not until I began did I realize how I w

16、asted. ） 引導時間狀語從句時，表“當時，隨著。：Just two men were leaving, a message The as the increases.） 引導原因狀語從句時，一般放在句首，表示十分明顯的原因是已知的事實。如： it raining, not camping.） 引導讓步狀語從句時，通常用倒裝結構。詳情如下：a. “形容詞+ +主語系動詞或副+ +主語+實動”如： in our well. as I like book, I t it. 名詞+ as 主語系詞（句首的名詞前多不帶冠詞）。如：Child he he a lot. 實動+ as 主語動詞情態動詞

17、。如：Fail I did, I would not abandon goal.Try couldnt lift heavy box.） 引導方式狀語從句時，意“如，像，按照。：I did as I told.） 引導比較狀語從句時，常用于 . . not so / as . as .結中。如：Helen visit she can.His t / as they in the film. no sooner than 和 hardly . 意“一就”，引導時間狀語時，主句一般過 去完成時，從句用一般過去時。注意 sooner, 位句首時，主句的主謂語要部分 倒裝。如：The had no s

18、poken he realized that he should have I had hardly home it sooner had train left.Hardly begun when we told to . that such that）so that 常于以下結構：so + adj. / + 從；so + + a(n) 可數名詞單 數形式 從句；so + / / little + n. 從。如：The that no could up with an Eddie is so boy all him.I have had m all ）such that 常于以下結構：such

19、 adj. +可數名詞單數形式 句；such + 可名詞復數形+ that 從； adj. 不可數名詞+ that 從。如：It a shame that couldnt be with extraordinary that no one a word of them.Its such that all of us to 注： . that 引導結果狀語從句時，如“so 形容/詞位于句首，則主句的主謂語要 部分倒裝。如： was it work out problem I turned Tom for quietly did she speak that I could hardly hear

20、 “疑問詞 ever”構的合詞既可引導狀語從句，又可引導名詞性從句，“no matter 疑 問詞只引導讓步狀語從句。：Whatever (=No matter what) happens, I will it. matter goes his dog with him. is for this will （句中的 不用 matter who 替 換）狀語從練習從 A、C 和 D 四個項，出以入白處最選。 Tom so independent that asks his parents opinion he wants their since unless after shares phone

21、 number with patients assistance. if if C. even though in _ can sleep well, you will lose ability to focus, and motivated two nights. B. Unless If When s not pick these until this weekend _ sweet enough to be eaten. since if C. _ we t animals and plants in world will be gone. 答1-5 CDBDC While If 名詞性

22、句一名性句述定類在句子中起名詞作用的從句主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句連詞連詞連接代詞連接副詞that, ifwhat, whichever where, why二名性句點 主語從句）that 從位于句首時 不省略。如：That coming to London best news I have heard.）主語從句可放在句首，也可放在句尾（用 it 作式主語），但后一種結構用得多一些。 如： wins the election will have many to It never occurred to the newcomers there so many societies

23、and clubs in a 賓語從句）當賓語從句后有賓語補足語時，需要用 it 作式賓語，而將賓語從句后。如：He made it that he annoyed with ）當主句的主語是第一人稱，且謂語為 think, believe, suppose 等詞時，如果賓語從句表 示否定意思，通常否定前移，即否定主句的謂語。如：Come of it. I dont fault.）賓語從句亦可用作介詞或形容詞的賓語。如： was aware of where Jane gone.I not whether he agrees with me ）引導賓語從句的連詞 在語中可省略，但在下列情況中

24、需留：a. 主從句之間有表示時間等的狀語時 不省略，否則會產生歧義。如： mother she did some in the supermarket. 主、從句之間有插入語時不省去 。：I in any that handle perfectly. 引兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，第二個以及第二個以后的賓語從句的 that 不能省 略。如： come and him and she never forget 表語從句）當主語是 且面的表語從句表示原因時通常用 引；而當 itthis 或 that 作 主語，后面的表語從句表示原因時，常用 because 導。如：The reason for l

25、ateness is that I missed That / It is because neglected 表從句還可由 as if / as though 等導as if / as though 導表語從句時主句中的動詞 可用 be, seem, look, feel 。如： looked as if / as though she had ghost.This meat if / as though it already bad. 同位語從句）同位語從句通常由 that 導，但 whether, why, 有時也可引導同位語從句。如： There whether will be ele

26、cted chairman Is it that Mike refused offer Yale University I no why did it; s favorite universities. is Toms you got the party be held?）可接同位語從句的通常是一些表示抽象意義的名詞，常見的有 belief, conclusion, thought, desire 等。如：The only way succeed is total you better than anyone field.）同位語從句有時不直接跟在它所解釋說明的名詞后面，而是被其它成分隔開。如

27、 The notice came around two that the meeting be postponed.三、引導名詞性從句的連接詞辨析 what 與 what 引導名詞性從句時不僅起連接作用而且在句中充當主語賓表語定等。 如：He gave illustration of was to be friend of yours, I tell you I hear.Is the city different what it years Give me ）that 引名詞性從句時只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分。如：That Shelley a poet may have due to his mothers influence. complains that he What surprised was that he spoke English well.Andrew a conversation might whether 與 if）whether 引的主語從句可位于句首或句尾，而 if 能引導位于句首的主語從句。如： Whether it will us harm or good to seen.