1、Social Factors of HealthDu Y130828397282012.04.24Figure 3-1 Category of Social factors Social factors Population Environment Civilization Biological properties Social properties ImmuneGenetic ClassMarriageFamilyFertilityCommunicationEmotional Materialeconomic foundation Spiritualsuperstructure Level

2、 of production Income National nutrition Political systemEducation Health servicesLegal council EthicsReligion CustomsLifestyle NatureSociety Ecological Physical chemistry Geography and climate Public Familyrelationships Relationships The characteristics of Social factors affecting the health Becaus

3、e of the widespread existence of social factors and the diversity of the causal link (Figure 3-2), it is often in trouble in analyzing the health effects of social factors. The relationship between social factors and health, although not as straightforward as the biological factors, it still has its

4、 own regularity. Three kinds of causal connectionFigure 3-2Non-specific (impact/influence/effect/affect/infect)Modern society is multi- societymulti-factor, multi-metric, multi-level, multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional society.Different from biological factors, effect of social factors on the hea

5、lth is of non-specificAs a social phenomenon, the disease is determined by a variety of factors, it is difficult to fully explain the etiology of a disease in a single, specific social factor. The reason for the non-specific and pan- impact of social factorsThe impact of a number of social factors h

6、ave obvious overlap, that is, the role of convergenceBut, in a real life, people contact with the diversity of social factors, each of the social factors shows non-specific effectDue to differences in genetic and acquired growth, every individual has different tolerance with the same type and intens

7、ity of stimulation, so that the role of social factors and health effects of disease specificity is not obviousAs a source of stress, social factors mainly play a slow role through the gradual accumulation, which makes the of stimulation lack of specificity have reflected the pan impact. Constancy o

8、f the impactSocial factors are always a relatively stable, its impact on health is invisible, slow and persistent. Because of the widespread of social factors in peoples real life, combined with a strong social attributes of human, social factors have a long-lasting effect on human beings.Such wides

9、pread and persistent are called the constancy of the impact. Interaction The effects of a variety of social factors on health are not parallel, but be mutually conditionedThe impact of social factors on human health often generate effects based on the interactionThis mainly determined by the diversi

10、ty of its causal relationshipInteractions are often manifested as one social factor can directly affect population health, but can also be used as an intermediary of other social factors, or other intermediary role of social factors on health. Mechanism of social factors influence health Affecting h

11、uman health, Social factors play a role primarily through the psychological experience the central linkThe mechanism of Social factors affecting the health is the perception of social factors were incorporated into the system, through the central nervous system regulation and control, form a psychol

12、ogical refraction, resulting in psychological reactions and behavior, social adaptation and change in physical function Population Psychological Civilization Environment Trait Development Respone Social FactorsPerception System Brain Other brain areas Pituitary Hormone ImmunePhysical disease Changes

13、 in behavior and emotional and mental problems Hypothalamic Stimulu Evaluation GDPGross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a countrys s

14、tandard of living;三類經濟發展水平國家的居民健康水平國家類別國家數人均GDP（美元）嬰兒死亡率（）低出生體重（）期望壽命（歲）發達國家37623019772發展中國家90520941760不發達國家291701603045Economic development brings in the negative effectContamination and destroy of circumstanceHarmful behavioral life styleSmoking, excessive drinking , drug addicts , sexual random ,irregular food, drink and sleepingThe social negative eventsTraffic jam, traffic accident, violent