1、高中英語定語從句詳解. 概念：(1) 定語從句：在主從復合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2) 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3) 引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，分為關系代詞和關系副詞。關系詞的作用：1) 引導定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當于一個連詞；2) 必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關系代詞: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在從句中作主語，賓語，whose定語)常用的關系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when、why、 whereThe st

2、udent who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關系詞。. 幾個關系代詞的基本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當于who或 whom

3、；指物時，相當于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句; 不可置于介詞后作賓語) 如：1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?2. You can take anything ( that) you like. 3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she use

4、d to be before.which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語; 只可指人whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語

5、; 只可指人whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。1. I like the students who/that work hard. 2. All who heard the story were amazed. (代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)3. He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.4. A child whose parents are dead is called

6、 an orphan.5. I'd like a room whose window faces south. =I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of which faces south.關系代詞作介詞賓語： （介詞+ whom / which）關系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時, 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。） 1. This is the book for which

7、you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?5. This is t

8、he girl whom they are looking after. (介詞after與look構成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)as 的用法:(as 引導定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)如為限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等結構中。如：1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一樣的書。2. .-Why didn't you mention t

9、hat in face of the police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. 3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about. 比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：Here is so big a stone as no o

10、ne can lift. （定語從句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結果狀語從句）如為非限制性的，多單獨引導一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點"。（動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作賓語)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .

11、 （as 作主語）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .（as 作賓語）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (賓語, 先行詞是前面整個句子). 關系副詞引導的定語從句:When 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞

12、是表時間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為"時間名詞"，可用when引導定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that 引導，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。比較:1. I still remember the day when /on which my broth

13、er joined the army.（作狀語）2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作賓語） 3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou was launched, which has a great effect on my life.Where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live

14、 in the room where /in which he used to live. 注意：先行詞是"地點名詞"，定語從句可用where引導，還可用which或that引導，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。 比較: 1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作狀語）2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.3. He's got himself int

15、o a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作賓語）Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時，可用for which指代；當關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導。如：1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he

16、was ill.2. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作賓語） 3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主語）當先行詞為way時，the way在從句中作狀語時，定語從句常用that, in which,或how引導，that常可以省略。the way在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導。如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比較: Plea

17、se do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別：1. 形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。2. 語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3. 語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個定語從句，整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補充說明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書。Beijing, which has been China's

18、 capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產。4. 翻譯時，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結構）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯）比較: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞，指人時用who, whom, whose , 指物時用which , whose

19、; 關系副詞when，where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. 幾個易混淆的關系代詞的比較:that & which:在定語從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.先行詞為不定代詞

20、,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.There's nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時。1.The only thing that we cou

21、ld do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.先行詞是序數詞時或被序數詞修飾時。1.When we talk about W

22、uxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時宜用that. 如：

23、1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修飾詞為數詞時. 1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .如果有兩個從句，其中一個關系代詞

24、已用which ,另一個關系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調或重復。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑問詞是who或which，關系代詞宜用that，以避免重復。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是There be 結構，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關系代詞. 如：1. There is still a seat i

25、n the corner that is still free.被修飾成分為表語時，或者關系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關系代詞宜用that . 1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況:當關系代詞的前面有介詞時. 1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibiti

26、on.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定語從句中. 1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. (which指代主句)在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which . 1. Let me show y

27、ou the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 當關系代詞后面帶有插入語時. 1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行詞本身是that, 宜用which . What's that which she is looking at?先行詞是those+復數名詞. A shop should keep a stock of those goods

28、 which sell best.(B) who & that:who 和 that 指代人時，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that 先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時. 如：1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .

29、3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.在There be 結構中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關系代詞who 指代人. 如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.當先行詞有較長的后置定語時. 如：1. I met a foreigner in the p

30、ark yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.as & which: as & which 引導非限制性定語從句的區別：位置的不同：which 引導的定語從句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置較靈活，也就是說as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as yo

31、u know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man.先行詞的不同：as引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞多為一個句子；which引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞可以是一個詞，一個短語或一個句子。1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行詞是一個句子）3. He is an honest man, as is known to all. as 一般譯為"正

32、如""就像"，"這一點"as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.一、單項選擇1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B

33、. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never for

34、get.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend m

35、e the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engi

36、neer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man

37、 _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom

38、D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A

39、. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; that B. that;

40、why C. for that; that D. for which; what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A. that B. which C. for which D. who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B. which C. for which D. with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D.

41、 both of which39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 45. Is oxygen the onl

42、y gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it EX1用適當的關系詞填空. 1. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.2. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.Ex3選擇適當的代詞填空，注意非限制性定語從句和單句的

43、比較。1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Ex6: 介詞+關系代詞的使用1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do y

44、ou like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He dug a hole he could got water from the lake.請分析一下定語從句：( 請劃出定語從句，并標出先行詞) 1.   Another thing that I found very difficult w

45、as English grammar.  3.      You couldnt understand people who talked fast.  4.      I have some ideas that may help you.  5.  

46、60;   They said something you didnt like.  6.      My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.  定語從句漢譯英練習： 1、她就是那個努力學習數學的女孩。&

47、#160;2、他就是我們剛才談論的那個人。  3、這就是那個爸爸是警察的女孩。  4、他們住在一座窗戶朝南的房子里。  5、我仍然記得我第一次來到這座城市的那一天 。6、這就是我們以前住過的房子 。7、他考試通過了，這使他父母很高興。 8、他們正在談論在公園里看到的人和物。 9、正在看電視的女孩是Kate。10、她就是照顧這些孩子的護士。英譯漢：1他們在街上見到的錢是我的。2你見到的那位老師是一位很著名的教師。3昨天晚上打我電話的那個男人在今天早上被殺了。4這部電影是我來到這看的第一部電影。5你知道他們正在談論的事情和人嗎？用適當的關系詞填空： 1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house. 2. I'll never forget the day_   we met each other l