1、1. Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word，silent（1）though:盡管雖然但是(2)Accustomed though we are to speaking of 倒裝語句，正常為，though we are Accustomed to speaking of（3）has never been 從未，從來就不不是，從來the film has never be

2、en silent是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。Hehasneverbeenhere.他不曾來過has never been defeated從未輸過Has Never Been Opened從來沒有被打開Has Never Been Beyond從未被超越had neverhave never這2個其實是同樣的意思，只不過一個是過去式，一個是現(xiàn)在式 I had never seen her before. I have never been to America.The enemy were determined to wipe the town off the map as if itha

3、d never been. 敵人下決心要將這座城市從地圖的抹掉,就好像它從不存在一樣。He had never been他從來沒有去過Ihadneverbeentherebefore.我以前從來沒到過那里。as never before 前所未有地、史無前例as you never hear before隨著從來沒聽過的頻率Be flourishing as never before空前繁榮To live as never before重獲新生般的活著Inthissense,wehavetheviruscorneredasneverbefore. 在這層意義上，我們已經(jīng)前所未有地把該病毒逼到了

4、絕境。（4）in the full sense of 完整意義上的，全部意義上的 It has been a long-cherished ideal of mankind to enjoy human rights in the full sense of the term。享有充分的人權(quán)，是長期以來人類追求的理想。long-cherished 被長期渴望的2.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking

5、 in Socratic (蘇格拉底) way about moral problems.(1) 在who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，who為主語，has slected 為謂語，the activity 為賓語。Of為介詞短語作定語。As為狀語，前置了。(2) define as:解釋為，定義為Dictionaries Define Blindness As字典定義失明為define sth as sth顯示的特征Define as Luminaire定義為光源Define the button as open定義這個打開按鈕(3) primary duty and pleasure in life

6、人生的主要任務(wù)和樂趣。Primary a主要的，初級的，基本的。n 原色，最主要者。3. Theprogressofsciencedependsuponmanyfactos,andnotleastamongtheseistheexistenceofsatisfactoryarrangementsfortherapidexchangeofnewideasandexperimentalresultsbetweenresearchworkershavingsimilarinterest.(1)并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)，后一句中有倒裝。（2）notleastamongtheseistheexistence主系表結(jié)

7、構(gòu)倒裝了。(3)notleast：尤其，相當(dāng)重要地especially/notably Allthisiswelcomenotleastbecausethe slumphas been madeso muchworse bypanicanddespair. 所有這些都是受歡迎的，尤其是因為恐慌和絕望如此嚴(yán)重地加劇了經(jīng)濟衰退。They have been the subjects of intense research for over half a century,not least because of the role they have played in our survival as

8、 a species.它們成為熱點研究主題已逾半個世紀(jì)，尤其緣于這幾大情緒在我們?nèi)祟愡@個物種的生存中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。not the least 絲毫不 至少Thishasseveraladvantages,nottheleastofwhich is thatyou canconcentrate on writingcoderatherthan attendingtotherepetitivework. 這有幾方面的好處，至少可以把精力集中到編寫代碼上，而不必再重復(fù)性的工作中浪費精神。Thelast,butcertainlynottheleasttraitofagreat engineeri

9、sasolidfoundation. 最后，但肯定不是優(yōu)秀工程師最不重要的特質(zhì)就是：扎實的基礎(chǔ)。Not The Least Concerned 毫不相干Last yet not the least 末了Having Not The Least Clue 端倪毫無Have not the least idea 完全不知4. Dull as a student may be，and difficult as a subject may seem to be at first sight，he will find the study become easier or at least less di

10、fficult，if he can persevere and does not neglect it.（1）這個句子的難點是as的用法，在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中要用倒裝順序。dull as a student may bethough a student may be dull；difficult as a subject may seem to be at first sightthough a subject may seem to be difficult at first sight。譯文：即使學(xué)生不聰明，功課最初看起來很難，如果他能堅持不懈，努力去做的話，他就會感到學(xué)習(xí)越來越容易

11、，至少不會那樣難了。5. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been ,had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（1）本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 屬于部分倒裝。正常語序為：if he had grown up under

12、more favorable circumstances。在正式文體中，可以將虛擬條件句中的if 省略，并將助動詞提前。（2）compensate for，賠償，補償，compensate sb for sth賠償 make good/indemnify forcompensate opening補償孔 ; 彌補孔compensate coils補償線圈Inertia compensate慣量補償參數(shù)（3）gross social inequality 明顯的社會不公Thereisgrossinequalitybetweenthe rich and thepoor. 貧富之間存在明顯的不平等現(xiàn)

13、象。gross loss毛損 ; 虧損總額 ; 總損失gross power總功率 ; 整機功率 ;凈功率gross tonnage總噸位 ;注冊噸 ;gross negligence重大過失 ; 嚴(yán)重疏忽 gross amount毛額 ; 總額 ; ; 總量gross errors重大錯誤 ; 失誤差gross expenses開支總額 ; 總開支The company was guilty of gross negligence.該公司犯了重大的失職罪。Funding of education had been grossly inadequate for years. 多年來教育資金嚴(yán)重

14、不足。He abused the Admiral in the grossest terms.他用最粗俗的字眼辱罵那位海軍上將。（4）an underprivileged youngster一個貧困的，地位低下的年輕人。adj. 貧困的；被剝奪基本權(quán)力的；社會地位低下的underprivileged group貧困階層underprivileged preschooler弱勢學(xué)齡期兒童underprivileged home貧困家庭underprivileged class弱勢階層 ; 下層社會underprivileged groups弱勢群體underprivileged children

15、貧困兒童underprivileged Students貧困生（5）favorable circumstances.有利的環(huán)境Species have always moved around, taking advantage of happenstance or favorable circumstances.生物物種總是會利用偶然的機會或者是適宜的環(huán)境四處散布。favorable balance順差 ; 貿(mào)易順差 ; 有利差額 ;Favorable price優(yōu)惠價格,優(yōu)惠價,令人滿意的價格favorable prognosis預(yù)后良好favorable opposition大沖Favor

16、able evaluation贊許的評價 ;favorable habitat良好的棲息地 ; 有利的棲息地 favorable current順流 More favorable更有利（6）might have been通常用于虛擬語氣，表示假設(shè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的，或猜測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情.Its never too late to be who you might have been.亡羊補牢，為時不晚。might be和 may have been的區(qū)別？ might /may be 代表現(xiàn)在的事情 例如The news may/might be true. 這消息可能是真的 完成式 may/

17、might have been 代表過去的事情 例如 He may/might have been there. 他之前/以前可能在那里 might do和 may have done同等上面意思 一個是現(xiàn)在式 一個是過去式might have done 與 might have been done 的區(qū)別這兩個都是虛擬語氣。區(qū)別在于第一個是主動語態(tài)，第二個是被動語態(tài)。第一個，might have done表示本來可以做某事(實際上沒有做)。是主動語態(tài)。 例如:You might have done your homework more quickly。你本可以更快的做家庭作業(yè)的(其實沒有)第

18、二個:might have been done表示.本來可以被做(實際上沒有)。是被動語態(tài)。 例如:Your homework might have been done more quickly.。你的家庭作業(yè)本可以更快被做的(其實沒有)。6. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.(1)這是一個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)so 引導(dǎo)的從句，所以助動詞

19、前移：So involved with their computers do the children become，該句的動詞是become，用do協(xié)助倒裝。原句是：The children become so involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.（2）Bebecome involved in包含在.;與.有關(guān);被卷入;專心地(做) He was rumoured to be invo

20、lved in the crime.有傳言說他卷入了這樁罪行I dont want to be involved in society.我不想卷入這個社會。be involved with涉及，卷入Myhr had no desire to be involved with anything dangerous or violent.邁爾不想卷入任何危險或暴力的事情中去。get involved with 給.纏住parties involved交換中的各方、互換中的各方involved party責(zé)任方involved area受影響區(qū)域difficulties involved遇到的困難

21、; 涉及的困難people involved參與名單 ; 所涉及的人員7, As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized ,it is in the interest of businese to universalize access - after all ,the more people online , the more potential customers there are.(1) the more,the more為部分倒裝。(2)in the interest of:.利益，為了的利益。 Do everythingi

22、n the interests ofthe people .一切行動都要符合人民利益。In the interest ofprotecting such resources, a great many state laws were passed .為了保障這些資源，各州立了許多法律。in the interest oftransparency 為了保持透明性(3) universalize access 普遍可以獲得 Open access開放獲取 ; 開放存取 ; 開放取用 ;access time存取時間 ; 訪問時間 ; 選取時間 ; market access市場準(zhǔn)入 ; 進入市場

23、; 開放市場 ;Sequential access循序存取 ; 順序存取 ; direct access直接存取; 直接訪問; 直接通道access token訪問令牌 ; 存取令牌 ; 訪問標(biāo)記 ;internet access網(wǎng)路存取 ; 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入 ; Access Method存取方法 ; 訪問方法 ; 訪問方式Leased access租賃使用時段8.Love is not about Possession, its all about Appreciation. 愛不是占有，而是欣賞Possession：n. 擁有；財產(chǎn)；領(lǐng)地；自制；著迷Spirit possession附身 ;

24、靈quiet possession不受干擾享用權(quán) ;寧靜的占有權(quán)Ball Possession關(guān)鍵詞 掌握控球權(quán) ; Possession Island占領(lǐng)島He was also charged with illegal possession of firearms. 他還被指控非法擁有火器。People had lost their homes and all their possessions.人們已失去了家園和所有的財產(chǎn)。9. So perilous was this one that he was the only security officer on the site. 危險的(

25、1) this one was so perilous that.(2) security officer 安全人員，Security Technical Officer安全技術(shù)專員Security Control Officer保安控制員security desk officer值勤室警務(wù)員Security Risk Officer安全危險人員Cargo security control officer貨物安全控制專員Chief security officer安全主管 ; 保安部經(jīng)理 (3) on the site 在現(xiàn)場on-the site analysis現(xiàn)場分析on the sit

26、e computer現(xiàn)場用計算機on the construction site在建筑地盤 ; 在施工現(xiàn)場inspection on the site檢查施工現(xiàn)場Construction on the site現(xiàn)場施工Activities on the site活動場地10. In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officers trade - a desk, two telephones, one scrambled（改變頻率使不被竊聽） for outside calls, and to one side

27、 a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front. (1)破折號前后都有倒裝。前：主語是the essential tools of the intelligence officers trade。(2) the essential tools 基本用具，必要工具，關(guān)鍵工具 they are trying to focus attention on cognitive faculties that go beyong intelligence -what they describe as the

28、essential tools of rational thinking.他們試圖關(guān)注的是智力之上的認(rèn)知才能他們把這些才能描述為理性思考的關(guān)鍵工具。cognitive adj. 認(rèn)知的，認(rèn)識的Cognitive psychology認(rèn)知心理學(xué) ; 識別心理學(xué) Cognitive style認(rèn)知風(fēng)格 ; 認(rèn)知方式 ; Cognitive bias認(rèn)知偏差 ; 認(rèn)知偏誤 ; Cognitive network感知網(wǎng)路 ; 認(rèn)知網(wǎng)Cognitive anthropology認(rèn)知人類學(xué)cognitive function認(rèn)知功能 ; 認(rèn)知能力cognitive development認(rèn)知發(fā)展 ; 辨識

29、系統(tǒng)啟發(fā) faculties n. 系，學(xué)院；才能，能力；全體教員（faculty的復(fù)數(shù)形式）intellectual faculties 智能 ; 智力 ; 心智才能Program Faculties項目師資gas faculties城鎮(zhèn)燃?xì)夤庠O(shè)施hearing faculties聽官能higher faculties較高級的官能He was drunk and not in control of his faculties.他喝醉了，控制不了他的各項機能。The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.全體教員同意改變要求。facul

30、ty and staff教職員faculty of law法學(xué)院；法律系faculty of science理學(xué)院；科學(xué)院；自然科學(xué)系adaptive faculty適應(yīng)能力，適應(yīng)力mental faculty智力faculty of engineering工學(xué)院elaborative facultyn. 思考能力(3) intelligence officer 情報人員，情報官 intelligence n. 智力；情報工作；情報機關(guān)；理解力Divisional Intelligence Officer Supervision監(jiān)視處情報員Competitive Intelligence Of

31、ficer競爭情報總監(jiān)Chief Intelligence Officer首席情報官Artificial Intelligence人工智能 ; 人工智慧 ;Collective Intelligence綜合人工智能 ; 集體智慧 machine intelligence機器智能 ; 機器智慧 ;intelligence community智能小區(qū) ; 情報界 ;(4)a large green metal safe 一個大的綠色金屬保險柜（5）an oversized combination lock 一個特大號復(fù)合密碼鎖。11. the most extreme application of

32、 genetic information-designing children.application n. 應(yīng)用；申請；應(yīng)用程序；敷用application fee申請費 ; 報名費 ; Application Management應(yīng)用程序管理; 應(yīng)用管理 Application forms申請表 ; 申請表格Computer Application計算機應(yīng)用 ; 電腦應(yīng)用clinical application臨床應(yīng)用 ; 臨床運用patent application專利申請 ;專利申請說明書Application Range應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域; 應(yīng)用范圍; 適用范圍application proc

33、essor應(yīng)用處理器; 應(yīng)用程序處理器Statistics Application應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計學(xué) ; 應(yīng)用計數(shù)學(xué) 12. Alyosha,along with his friends,heard the siren call of merchandising,and many was the time we came to logger-heads over designer sneakers versus something more affordable,if less flashy.（1）and 后的主句是the time was many。省略了when的定語從句。（2）the siren

34、 call of merchandising, 促銷的誘惑。Siren 誘人的logger-heads 笨蛋，傻瓜came to logger-heads 爭吵起來over 關(guān)于designer sneakers 名牌運動鞋versus 對比designer sneakers versus something more affordable,if less flashy 名牌運動鞋和一些能購買的起且不那么奢華的東西13.Youmumbleandaskhowanyonecouldpossibly usedotcomtogetherinEnglishoranyotherlanguage,whati

35、ntheworlddoseitmeananyway,andyouleavetodiscusssportandothersmalltalk.（1）howanyonecouldpossibly 人們怎么可能會anyotherlanguage 任何其他語言 whatintheworlddoseitmeananyway, 倒裝句，那究竟是什么意思？youleavetodiscussothersmalltalk.你開始去14 And never before has it been so undeniable that mutually beneficial international institut

36、ions of cooperation-with the United Nationas foremost among them- are a vital global necessity.(1) never before 從未有過 后面用倒裝（2）undeniable：adj. 不可否認(rèn)的；公認(rèn)優(yōu)秀的；無可爭辯的。同義詞：incontestable/undisputedundeniable signature不可否認(rèn)簽名 ;undeniable facts無可否認(rèn)的事實undeniable clause不可爭條款Undeniable Points不可否認(rèn)觀點Something undenia

37、ble不可否認(rèn)的東西 ; Her charm is undeniable. 她的魅力無可否認(rèn)。（3）mutually adv. 互相地；互助mutually perpendicular互相垂直的 ; 互相垂直線mutually conditioning相互條件作用mutually dependent互為依存 ; 彼此依賴的mutually enabling相互扶持Mutually Pursue互相追逐mutually excluseve互斥14.Here comes an old lady! 過來一位老太太。一般是：副詞（here there now then）+come（或be）+主語。Th

38、ere comes the bus。喲，公共汽車過來了Now comes your turn。現(xiàn)在輪到你了。15. No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences which result in a rich，significant life ，as they can get out of processes and

39、 experiences resulting in a poor life less full of meaning.（1）主句是the fact is no less obvious。（2）constituted vt. 組成，構(gòu)成；建立；任命。此處為“天生”Color constitute色彩構(gòu)成Constitute forms構(gòu)成方式staff constitute員工構(gòu)成disease constitute疾病構(gòu)成electrolyte constitute電解液組成Liability Constitute構(gòu)成要件Fourquartsconstituteagallon.四夸脫構(gòu)成一加侖

40、。Theydo notconstituteacompleteandcontinuoussetofmemoranda. 他們不能構(gòu)成一個完整的、持續(xù)的一整套備忘錄。Theyconstituteyourmemories;whereyouwere,whatyouwere doing,whatyouwereinterestedin,whatyou were thinkingof. 它們組成了你的回憶；你曾在哪里，你曾做了什么，你曾對什么感興趣，你曾思考過什么。16. The material destruction of the war was not so great but that it cou

41、ld by this time have been repaired, had a good peace been made without delay.（1）could have been：本來可以，本可以是，表示虛擬語氣。Mistakes are creeping in which could have been avoided. 本可避免的錯誤都逐漸一一發(fā)生了。It could have been worse. 事情可能更壞，這是不幸中的大幸。The performance could have been better. 這次表演原來可以更好些的。補充：Had paul received

42、 six more votes in the last election , he _ our chairman. 為什么不是would have been 而是would be?這句話的原文是If paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman. 去掉If 把had提前了，從句是過去完成時，主句用 would be 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的非真實條件句，如果用would have been 就表示與過去相反了，就不對了。做這個要了解是對什么時候的虛擬could have been表示過

43、去可能，但是沒做的事情 可能是。Should have been表示應(yīng)該would have been表示主觀意愿上將做什么事，會是 would have + 過去分詞 的句型在虛擬語氣中表達(dá)與過去事實相反的情況 從句:If 主語+had+done 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+have done 例如: 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。 (事實:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have

44、made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。 (事實:沒有聽我的話) would have been 后面通常都是加形容詞，或 a (冠詞)+ 名詞。 例如: 1. If they had explained the situation, I would have been more understanding. 如果他們(當(dāng)時)把情況說清楚，我就比較能體諒啦。 2. If you had not warned me, I would have been a victim of this scam. 要不是你(事先)警告了我，我肯定就成了這騙局的受害者

45、啦。（2）not sobut that無論怎樣也。But that 后跟虛擬語氣。（3）if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，省略if ，后面的謂語動詞提前。17.a near standstill 幾乎停止。n. 停頓；停止Standstill Provisions維持現(xiàn)狀規(guī)定standstill position停止位置standstill test靜止試驗 standstill seal靜止密封standstill truce就地休戰(zhàn) safe standstill安全停剎respiratory standstill呼吸停頓Standstill Period停滯期 Computer Standstil

46、l電腦癱瘓Provisionsn. 規(guī)定（provision的復(fù)數(shù)）；食品；預(yù)備v. 供應(yīng)補給品；供應(yīng)糧食（provision的三單形式）Protective Provisions保護性條款 ; 維護性條款contract provisions合同規(guī)定return provisions對返還的規(guī)定entrenched provisions特別維護條款 ; 非凡維護條款 special provisions特別規(guī)定 ; 特殊條款 ;Temporary Provisions暫行規(guī)定Call Provisions贖回條款Emergency Provisions非常食 ; 救濟糧provisions

47、storeroom食品貯存庫entrenchedadj. 根深蒂固的；確立的，不容易改的v. 確立；保證；挖掘壕溝（entrench的過去分詞）the entrenched根深蒂固 ; 樹大根深 ; 在盤踞Entrenched Cliff盤踞山崖entrenched managers強勢管理者entrenched factory定點生產(chǎn)廠Entrenched Elites地位牢固精英階層Entrenched Poverty難以貧困景象entrenched clause剛性條款provisionpruvinn.1.預(yù)備；預(yù)防；準(zhǔn)備2.供應(yīng)；供應(yīng)物；尤指復(fù)數(shù) 存糧；糧食；食物；3.預(yù)防措施4.規(guī)定

48、；條款，條文5.【宗教】圣職的委任6.(尤指政府提供的)錢；設(shè)備vt.供應(yīng)補給品；(尤指)供應(yīng)糧食：短語1.according to the provision of the Act 據(jù)該法令各條(所說)2.make ample provision for 充裕地供養(yǎng)3.make provision against 防備，預(yù)防4.make provision for 為預(yù)先采取措施，為做好準(zhǔn)備5.run out of provisions 糧食缺乏亦作 short of provisions18. Coupled with the growing quantity of information

49、 is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.Coupled with：相匹配，加上，外加，與。相結(jié)合be coupled with與結(jié)合 ; 與 empowerment coupled with responsibility賦權(quán)承責(zé)Coupled with the smiles再加上燦爛的笑容Coupled w

50、ith the word再加一句話Coupled with tariff加上關(guān)稅Coupled with low price加上低價格Coupled with English與英語相伴Coupled With Exquisite Workmanship加上精致做工Coupled With The Chicken配上雞肉快Coupled to appropriate circuitry, it can trigger the doors to open.搭配適當(dāng)?shù)碾娐泛螅梢詥娱_門。Thesepatternsbothextractbehavioroutoftheview, andintoapr

51、esentation classcoupledwiththeview.兩種模式都把行為從視圖中抽出來，將之放入與視圖耦合的一個表現(xiàn)類。presentationn. 展示；描述，陳述；介紹；贈送oral presentation口頭報告；口頭演講presentation skilln. 演講技巧；表達(dá)技巧visual presentation視覺顯示；可視圖像presentation layer表示層；呈現(xiàn)層data presentation數(shù)據(jù)顯示，數(shù)據(jù)表示at presentation呈示即付give a presentation of對作陳述graphic presentation圖示pr

52、esentation of document提交單據(jù)Thesis Presentation論文報告multimedia presentation多媒體演示 ; 多媒體展示 Presentation mode演示模式; 發(fā)表方式 ; 簡報模式storage and delivery 存儲和傳送than has ever been possible before：空前的，在過去是不可能的19. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.（1）compared

53、 with：與.相比較can be compared with比得上 ; 無人能比compared with control group與對照組比較、相比Compared with decent wine; 與體面的葡萄酒相比 ; 相比體面的酒Compared with urban life與都市生活相比compared with injured group與損傷組比Compared with previous work與以前的工作比較compare to 比擬， 比作 比喻為compare with (可)與.相比compare.with.把和比較(表示同類相比，比較)compare.to.

54、把比作(常表示異類相比，比喻)Lets compare this article with that one. 讓我們把這篇文章和那篇文章作一下比較。The heart is often compared to a pump. 心臟常被比作水泵。Hesa pygmywhencomparedwithgreatmusicians.他和偉大的音樂家相比就成了侏儒。pygmypmi n.侏儒；俾格米人（一種身高不滿五英尺的矮小人種）；微不足道的人 adj. 矮小的；we unfortunately have no means of telling遺憾的是我們無可奉告。20.The inner work

55、ings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at its most commonplace.（1）賓語前置（2）be uniquely worthy of investigation。on-the-spot investigation實地考察field investigation現(xiàn)場調(diào)查；現(xiàn)場試驗experimental investigation試驗研究under investigation在調(diào)查研究中investigation report調(diào)查報告書sampling investigation抽樣調(diào)查site investigation現(xiàn)場調(diào)查；實地勘測preliminary investigation初步調(diào)查gener