1、山東大學操作系統(tǒng)實驗報告4進 程同步實驗計算機科學與技術學院實驗報告實驗題目：實驗四、進程同步實驗學號：日期：20120409班級：計基地12姓名：實驗目的：加深對并發(fā)協(xié)作進程同步與互斥概念的理解，觀察和體驗并發(fā)進程同步與互斥 操作的效果，分析與研究經(jīng)典進程同步與互斥問題的實際解決方案。了解Lin UX系統(tǒng)中IPC進程同步工具的用法，練習并發(fā)協(xié)作進程的同步與互斥操作的編程 與調試技術。實驗內容：抽煙者問題。假設一個系統(tǒng)中有三個抽煙者進程，每個抽煙者不斷地卷煙并抽煙。 抽煙者卷起并抽掉一顆煙需要有三種材料： 煙草、紙和膠水。一個抽煙者有煙草， 一個有紙，另一個有膠水。系統(tǒng)中還有兩個供應者進程，它

2、們無限地供應所有三 種材料，但每次僅輪流提供三種材料中的兩種。得到缺失的兩種材料的抽煙者在 卷起并抽掉一顆煙后會發(fā)信號通知供應者，讓它繼續(xù)提供另外的兩種材料。這一 過程重復進行。請用以上介紹的IPC同步機制編程，實現(xiàn)該問題要求的功能。硬件環(huán)境：處理器：Intel? COre ?i3-2350M CPU 2.30GHZ × 4圖形：In tel?San dybridgeMobilex86MMXSSE2內存：4G操作系統(tǒng)：32位磁盤：20.1 GB軟件環(huán)境：UbU ntu13.04實驗步驟：（1） 新建定義了 PrOdUCer 和 conSUmer共用的IPC函數(shù)原型和變量的ipc.h文

3、件。(2) 新建 ipc.c 文件，編寫 PrOdUCer 和 COnSUmer 共用的IPC的具體相應函數(shù)。(3) 新建PrOdUCer文件，首先定義 PrOdUCer 的一些行為，利用系統(tǒng)調用，建立共享內存區(qū)域， 設定其長度并獲取共享內存的首地址。 然后設定 生產者互斥與同步的信號燈，并為他們設置相應 的初值。當有生產者進程在運行而其他生產者請 求時，相應的信號燈就會阻止他，當共享內存區(qū) 域已滿時，信號等也會提示生產者不能再往共享 內存中放入內容。(4) 新建 ConSUmer 文件，定義 conSUmer的一些行為，利用系統(tǒng)調用來創(chuàng)建共享內存區(qū)域，并 設定他的長度并獲取共享內存的首地址。

4、然后設定消費者互斥與同步的信號燈，并為他們設置相 應的初值。當有消費進程在運行而其他消費者請 求時，相應的信號燈就會阻止它，當共享內存區(qū) 域已空時，信號等也會提示生產者不能再從共享 內存中取出相應的內容。運行的消費者應該與相應的生產者對應起來， 只有這樣運行結果才會正確。結論分析與體會: 實現(xiàn)方式：COn sume:#i nclude "ipc.h"int main (i nt argc,char *argv) int rate = 3;int con SUmerid=atoi(argv1);buff_h = 101;buff_ nu mber = 1;Cget_h = 1

5、03;Cget_ nu mber = 1;Shm_flg = IPC_CREAT | 0644;buff_Ptr = (Char *)set_shm(buff_h,buff_ nu mber,shm_flg);Cget_Ptr = (int *)set_Shm(Cget_h,cget_ nu mber,shm_flg); prod_h = 201;PmtX_h = 202;cons_h = 301;CmtX_h = 302;Sem_flg = IPC_CREAT | 0644;Sem_val = buff_ nu mber;prod_Sem = Set_Sem(PrOd_h,sem_val,s

6、em_flg);Sem_val = 0;con s_Sem = Set_Sem(CO ns_h,sem_val,sem_flg);Sem_val = 1;CmtX_Sem = Set_Sem(CmtX_h,sem_val,sem_flg);if(con SUmerid=0)*cget_ptr=0;while(1)if(buff_ptr0-'A'=c on SUmerid)dow n(co ns_sem);dow n(cmtx_sem); sleep(rate);if(buff_ptr0='A')Printf("%dThe conSUmer has gl

7、ue.nTheconSUmer getstobacco and paper n",getpid(); if(buff_ptr0='B')Printf("%dThe conSUmer has paper.nTheconSUmer getstobacco and gluen",getpid(); if(buff_ptr0='C')Prin tf("%d The con SUmer has tobacco.nThe con SUmer getsglue and paper n",getpid(); *cget_ptr

8、= (*cget_pt r+1); if(*cget_ptr%2=0) buff_ptrO='D'elsebuff_ptrO='E'UP(CmtX_sem);UP(PrOd_sem);retur n EXIT_SUCCESS;PrOdUCer :#i nclude "ipc.h"nt main (i nt argc,char *argv)int rate=3;int PrOdUCerid=atoi(argv1); buff_h=101;buff_ nu mber=1;PPUt_h=102;PPUt_ nu mber=1;shm_flg=IPC

9、_CREAT|0644;buff_Ptr = (Char *)set_shm(buff_h,buff_ nu mber,shm_flg);PPUt_Ptr = (int *)set_Shm(PPUt_h,pput_ nu mber,shm_flg); prod_h = 201;PmtX_h = 202;cons_h = 301;CmtX_h = 302;Sem_flg = IPC_CREAT|0644;Sem_val = buff_ nu mber;prod_Sem = Set_Sem(PrOd_h,sem_val,sem_flg);Sem_val = 0;con s_Sem = Set_Se

10、m(CO ns_h,sem_val,sem_flg);Sem_val = 1;PmtX_Sem = Set_Sem(PmtX_h,sem_val,sem_flg); if(producerid=0)buff_ptr0='D'*pput ptr=0;while(1)if(buff_ptrO-D=PrOduCerid) dow n( prod_sem); dow n(pmtx_sem);*pput_Ptr = (*pput_Pt r+1)%3; if(*pput_Ptr=0) buff_ptr0 = 'A'Prin tf("%dPaPern",g

11、etpid();if(*PPut_Ptr=1) buff_ptr0 = 'B' Prin tf("%dThePrOdUCergivestobaccoandThePrOdUCergivestobaccoandgluen",getpid();if(*pput_ptr=2)buff_ptr0 = C;Printf("%d The PrOdUCer gives glue and papern",getpid(); sleep(rate);UP(PmtX_sem);UP(C on s_sem); _retur n EXIT_SUCCESS;pc.h

12、 :#i nclude "ipc.h"nt get_ipc_id(Char *proc_file,h_t h) FlLE *pf;int m,n;Char Iin eBUFSZ,columBUFSZ; if(pf = fope n(proc_file,"r") = NULL) Perror('卩roc file not ope n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);fgets(line, BUFSZ,pf); while(!feof(pf) m = n = 0;fgets(line, BUFSZ,pf); while(l in

13、 em='')m+;While(Ii nem !='') COIu mn+ = Iin em+;colum n = '0' if(atoi(colum) != h) con ti nue;n=0; while(l in em='') m+;while(linem !='') colu mn+ = Iin em+;colum n = '0' m = atoi(colum); fclose(pf); return m; fclose(pf); return -1;nt dow n(i nt Sem_id

14、) StrUCt SembUf buf; buf.sem_op = -1; buf.sem_ nu mber = 0; buf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO; if(semop(semd,&buf,1) <0) PerrOr("dow n error "); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); return EXIT_SUCCESS;nt up(i nt Sem_id) StrUCt SembUf buf; buf.sem_op = 1; buf.sem_ nu mber = 0; buf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO; if(semop(

15、semd,&buf,1) <0) PerrOr("up error "); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); retur n EXIT_SUCCESS;int set_sem(h_t sem_h,i nt sem_val,i nt sem_flg) int Semd;Sem _uns Sem_arg;if(semd = get_ipc_id("/proc/SySViPC/sem",sem_h) V 0 ) if(sem_id = Semget(Sem_h,1,sem_flg) V 0) PerrOr("semaphore C

16、reate error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);Sem_arg.val = Sem_val;if(semctl(semd,O,SETVAL,sem_arg) <0) PerrOr("semaphore Set error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);return Semd; _Char * Set_shm(h_t Shm_h,i nt Shm_ nu mber,i nt Shm_flg) int m,shmd;Char * Shm_buf;if(shm_id = get_ipc_id("/proc/SySViPC

17、/shm",shm_h) V O ) if(shmd = Shmget(Shm_h,shm _nu mber,shm_flg) <0) PerrOr("ShareMemory Set error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);if(shm_buf = (Char *)Shmat(Shmd,0,0) V (Char *)0) PerrOr("get ShareMemOry error");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);for(m=0; m<shm_ nu mber; m+) Shm_bufm = 0; _if(s

18、hm_buf = (Char *)Shmat(Shm_id,0,0) V (Char *)0)PerrOr("get ShareMemOry error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);retur n Shm_buf;Iint Set_msq(h_t msq_h,i nt msq_flg) int msqd;if(msq_id = get_ipc_id("/proc/SySViPC/msg",msq_h) V 0 ) if(msq id = msgget(msq h,msq flg) V 0)PerrOr("messageQueue

19、 Set error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);return msqd;實驗結果:稱宀""IllCUrku-LeOYO-IdCaPad-Y471 A: lab4 ILkUrIfLtkUn * LenDVO * I a P ad - Y471A:-S Cd lb4 ltkunyitkurLeovo-ideaad-Y47iAj*,Lab4 ,/producer 0132B7hePrDdUCergivestobaccoand glue33Z0Theproducergivesglue andPaPer3320TheProclUCergluestobacc

20、oandglue3329TheProdUCergivestbaccandPaPer3320Theproducergive¾Lkje andPaPerThBPrnElUCergtesrohsrcanrlglue3329ThePrOdUCergivestobaccoandPaPer3320TheProdUCergives9lue rdPdPerSJ2&ThPPrOdUCFrgivestobaccoandglue3320ThePrOdiJCCrgivestobaccodPOPCr3320ThePrQdUCergivesglue andPdPer3320Th色producertoba

21、ccoandglu332BTheproducergM古tobaccoandPaP 電 r*5320IhePrDdUCergivesglue andPaPer33<0ThePrOelUCergluestbaccDandglue132TheProClUCergivestobaccaandPaPerOsG IikUnUlCUn-LenOVOJdeaPad-Y471 A: kb4IlkUneUkUnLenovo-IdeaPad-Y471A:*/lab4S ./producer 1 3321 3321 3321 3321 3321 332133213322 3321 3321 3321 3321

22、3321 3321 3321 3321 3321 3321 3321 3321 3321 3321The The Ihe Ihe The The 7he The The Ihe IhC The The The The Ihe The The Ihe The The ThePrOdUCer PrOdUCer producer producer producer PrOdUCer PrOdUCer PrOdUCer PrOdUCer PrOdUCer PrOdUCCr PrOdUCer producer PrOdUCer producer producer producer PrOdUCer Pr

23、OdUCer PrOdUCer PrOdUCer PrOddCergives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives gives givestobacco and PaPer glue and PdPer tobacco and glue tobacco and PaPer glue and PaPer tobacco and glue tobacco and PaPer glue and PaPer tob

24、acco and glue tobacco and PaPer glue and PaPGr tobcco and glue tobacco and PaPer glue and PdPer tobacco and glue tobacco and PaPer glue and PaPer tobacco and glue tobacco and PaPer glue and PaPer tobacco and glue tobacco and PaPerOsG IikUnUlCUn-LenOVOJdeaPad-Y471 A: kb4IlkUneUkUnLenovo-IdeaPad-Y471A

25、:*/lab4S ./consumer5 bash: .cosuner:沒有那個文件或口錄ItkUnlikun-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Y471A:-/Iab4$ ./consumer 3096 The COnSUnerThe consumer gets3096 The COnSUnerThe consumer getsMfIqfi Tha roumprThe COnSUner gets3096 The COnSUnerThe consumer gets3096 ThC COnSUnCrThe consumer gets3096 Ihe COnSUfnerThe consumer get

26、s3096 The COnSUnerThe consumer gets3096 The COnSUnerThe consumer gets3096 7he COnSUnerThe COnSUner gets3096 The COnSUnerThe COnSUmer gets3096 The COnSUInerhas g*lue tobacco and has glue, tobacco and hx gl up. tobacco and has glue, tobacco and has glue, tobcco and has glue, tobacco and has glue, toba

27、cco and has glue tobacco and has glue, tobacco and has glue, tobacco and has glue.PaPerPaPerPaPerPaPerPaPerPaPerPaPerPaPerPaPerPaPer CG IikUnukUn-LenOVO-IdeaPad-Y471 A: Ub4ItkUnIllkUn-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Y471A:*$ Cd Idb4ItkUn¢1IkUnLQnovoIdwaPadY47ia:/lab4$ /consumer 1 3318 The COnSUnerThe consumer g

28、ets3318 Ihe consumerThe consumer gets3318 The consumerThe COnSUmer gets3318 The consumerThe consumer gets3318 7he COnSUfnerThG consumer gets3318 The COnSUnerThe COnSUmer gets3318 The consumerThe COnSUmer gets3318 Ihe consutnerThe COnSUmer gets3318 The consumerThe COnSUmer gets3318 The COnSUmerThe co

29、nsumer gets3318 The consumerhas paper, tobacco and has PaPer tobacco and has paper, tobacco and has paper, tobacco and has paper, tobacco and has paper, tobacco and has paper, tobacco and has PaPer tobacco and has paper, tobacco and has paper, tobacco and has PaPer.gluegluegluegluegluegluegluegluegl

30、ueglueThQ SnSUEgets toba"o and glueO * LlkurHkun-Lcnovo-ldcaPad-Y471 A: lab4 Hku0ltkun-LenaVO-IdedPdd-Y471A:$ Cd Idb4I-Lkunyltkur * Lenovo-ideaPad-Y471A：*/Iato45 couFler 2 1319 The CclfiSUl*r h白右 tobaccoThe consumer geti glut and PdPer3319 The CCnlSUner has tobacco.The COnSUr,r gets glu and PaP

31、er3319 The CQnSUrTer h日毎 tQbac»The consumer gets glue And pppr J319 The cosurcr has tobacco.The COnSrr sets glue ODd PdPer 3319 ThP Consurner has tobacco.The COnSUrrc 9cts glue d PHaPCr 3319 The COnSner has tobacco. Tha COrirer gets glue ad PaPer Ui9 The consumer has tobacco The CDhSJrr gets gl

32、ue and PaPer 3319 The CeInlSUner hmm tobaccoI The ConSJr-r gets glu and PaPer 3319 The csuner has tobaccot The COnSLHTPr gets gLup AnCI PaPPr J319 The consumer has tobacco. The consrr gets glue and PdPer 5319 The COnSUWl has tobacco. Thm COnurr get呂 glumpafm分析：多進程的系統(tǒng)中避免不了進程間的相互關系。進程互斥是進程之間發(fā)生的一種間接性作用，一般是程序不希望的。 通常的情況是兩個或兩個以上的進程需要 同時訪問某個共享變量。我們一般將發(fā)生能夠問共享變量的程序段稱為臨界區(qū)。 兩個進程不能同時進入臨界區(qū)，否則就會導致數(shù)據(jù)的不一致，產生與時間有關的錯誤。解決互斥問題應該滿足互斥和公平兩個原則，即任意時刻只能允許一個進 程處于同一共享變量的臨界區(qū)，而且不能讓任一進程無限期地等待。進程同步是進程之間直接的相互作用，是合作進程間有意識的行為，典型的 例子是公共汽車上