1、Ex. 1Learning about language1 deadleadredthread fed said bed2 high3 sing4 today5 lace6 trueskyliemyflyskytieringwingthingkingstringsingswaysayplaylaytraymayracefacecaseplacespacepacetooshoecanoebluebamboo glueEx. 2 When I was a baby, my mother used to read me _ thymes. I loved their _ meaning and th

2、e way that the words _ at the end of the lines. When I grew older, I was introduced to other _ of poetry. Many of them also had a strong _ which was repeated. The forms I liked best _ their meaning by using the bare _ of words. Some of these forms came from Asia (like the haiku) and some of these we

3、re _ from their original languages. When I _ new poems to read and enjoy, I would go to the library for some more. The librarian was a friend of my mother, and she would put poetry books on one side for me. In fact, my family love reading so much that we keep buying books. Now the living room of our

4、 _ is full of books.nurserycontradictoryrhymedformspatternconveyedminimumtranslationsran out ofcottageEx. 3wordsMeaningflexibleteaseendlessbranchconcreteA: something that can bend or be bent easilyB: person, plan etc; that can change according to the situationA: to make jokes and laugh at someone in

5、 order to have funB: to deliberately make an animal angryA: very large amount or number B: something that seems to last foreverA: a part of a tree that grows from the stem B: part of an organizationA: definite and specificB: something used for building that is made by mixing sand, very small stones,

6、 cement and water.Discovery useful structuresEx. 1Ex. 21. If you had come earlier.2. If Rob hadnt injured himself.3. If there had not been an exchange programme.4. If she had studied harder.5. If the poet had not written such a beautiful poem about his place.A.we would have won.B.she would have got

7、the diplomaC.it would not have become so famousD.he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad.E.you would not have missed the exciting scene in the movie.Ex. 31.Miss Jiang explained the homework to the class yesterday. If Alfred more attention at the time, he her instructions.2.Im sorr

8、y, I dont have a compass. Of course I it to you if I one. 3.Len doesnt think he will ever win a poetry competition. If, by chance, he , he the prize money on a computer.4.Luckily, Janet is good at writing in English. If she well, she more time practicing.5.If I you, I and go home early.6.Sue was lat

9、e for the wedding ceremony. Im sure that if she there on time, the bride and bridegroom happier.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 1）概念概念 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。Subjunctive Mood II Unit 2 Grammar2 2）在條件句中的應用）在條件句中的應用 條件句可分為兩類，一類為條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。真實條件句，

10、一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬際可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。語氣。在條件狀語從句和結果狀語從句中在條件狀語從句和結果狀語從句中, ,表示表示與事實相反的條件和結果。與事實相反的條件和結果。1) 與現在事實相反：與現在事實相反：If 主語主語 , 主語主語 +V原原 was/were/V-edshould (wouldcould, might)2) 與過去事實相反：與過去事實相反：If 主語主語 , 主語主語 +have V-ed3) 與將來事實相反：與將來事實相反：If 主語主語 , 主語主語 +V原原sho

11、uld (wouldcould, might)shouldwere toshould (wouldcould, might)had been /V-ed 假設條件從句謂語動詞發生的時間與主假設條件從句謂語動詞發生的時間與主句所假設的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜句所假設的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設的時間而定。要依照假設的時間而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the te

12、achers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.1. We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.

13、2. We use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an if-clause in implied conditionals. Without air , there would be no living things. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were no air)(If it hadnt been for your help)I was busy that day. Otherwise

14、 I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.)即使生了病，他也去辦公室。即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似

15、的。他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她談論那部影片，就好像她確實看過一樣。她談論那部影片，就好像她確實看過一樣。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 3. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.虛擬語氣特殊句型：虛擬語氣特殊句型：1. wish/if only 現在：現在：

16、過去：過去：未來：未來：did（were）had donewould do 1) I wish I were a bird.（現在）（現在）2) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）（過去）3) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來）（將來）If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。好了。 要是我沒

17、錯過火車就好了！要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train! I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。我希望和你一樣高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。他希望他沒講那樣的話。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。wish to do 表達法。表達法。wish sb. / sth. to do I wish to s

18、ee the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2. would rather (that)現在：現在：過去：過去：未來：未來：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.diddidhad done3. It

19、s (about/high) time + that should dodid你該走了。你該走了。我們該去我們該去睡覺了。睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 4. 表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。1) 賓語從句。常見動詞：賓語從句。常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個一個堅持，兩個 命令

20、，三個建議，四個要求。即命令，三個建議，四個要求。即1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, require, request, desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用用法。即從句中的動詞使用should + 動詞動詞原形，或者將原形，或者將should省略。省略。我們建議我們建議Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。他們要

21、求我們派他們去那兒工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：

22、如注意：如suggest, insist不表示不表示建議建議 或或堅持要某人做某事時堅持要某人做某事時，即它們用，即它們用于其本意于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、堅持認為堅持認為時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meetin

23、g at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas 以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand

24、is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.5. Its necessary / strange / natural / important + that-Clause 從句中的動從句中的動 詞要用虛擬，即（詞要用虛擬，即（should）+ 動詞原形動詞原形It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.It is stran

25、ge that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.6. 某些簡單句的固定句型：某些簡單句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!1. _ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced. A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D

26、. Would they2. Five minutes earlier, and we _ the last bus. A. had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught單項選擇單項選擇3. If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didnt told B. hadnt told C. would not tell D. would have not told4. He must have had an acc

27、ident, or he _ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be5. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers _ before. A. had invented B. were invented C. should have been invented D. had been invented6. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up

28、and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept7. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first. A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone8. If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A. appr

29、ove B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve9. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned10. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline. A. must be sent B. would be s

30、ent C. be sent D. were sent1. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. （2005 重慶）重慶） A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done高考鏈接高考鏈接2. If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have

31、 been back by 6 oclock. What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. （2005 湖南）湖南） A. is B. was C. would be D. has been3. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all. (2007 江蘇江蘇) A. should B. could C. must D. might4. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won th