1、Web服務器nginx虛擬主機與反向代理web 服務器 -nginxweb服務器簡介：apache , web服務器：訪問網頁，查找、瀏覽信息。蜘蛛程序一網絡爬蟲常見的web服務器：apachelighttpdn gi nxtomcatIIS介紹nginx :高性能的http服務器和反向代理服務器（web加速）,運行在類unix和windows上為什么選擇 nginx ?處理速度快，占用的資源少apache里的模塊是動、靜結合;在nginx里面，都是靜態的。支持熱部署可以7x24不間斷運行書寫的代碼質量很高，也很規范問題：俄國人寫的，一些官方資料，文檔比較少。安裝之前：1、準備工作：1) ap

2、ache是停止的，釋放80端口nginx2) 添加一個普通用戶，出于安全的目的使用這個普通用戶去運行# useradd -M -s /sbin/no logi n www默認使用的是nobody 這個用戶。2、開始安裝rootlocalhost l nmp# tar zxvf n gi nx-x.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/安裝nginx所需的軟件包支持正則表達式(1) PCRE： Perl 庫，Perl Compatible Regular Expressionsrootlocalhost nginx# cd pcre-8.10rootlocalhost pcre-8.

3、10# lsrootlocalhost pcre-8.10# ./c on figurerootlocalhost pcre-8.10# makerootlocalhost pcre-8.10# make in stall(2)安裝 nginxrootlocalhostngi nx-0.8.46#./c on figure-user=www-group=www-prefix=/usr/local/ngi nx-with-http_stub_status_module -with-http_ssl_module-user-group-prefix-with-http_stub_status_mo

4、dule狀態模塊-with-http_ssl_module支持 httpsyum in stall -y ope nssl-develrootlocalhost nginx-0.8.46# makerootlocalhost ngi nx-0.8.46# make in stallrootlocalhost nginx-0.8.46# cd /usr/local/nginx/rootlocalhost ngin x# lsconf html logs sbin啟動服務：rootlocalhost n gi nx# ./sb in/nginx -c conf/ngin x.c onfrootlo

5、calhost nginx# n etstat -antp | grep 80tcp00 :80:* LISTEN 19449/ngi nx.c onf訪問:Welcome to nginx! OK解讀配置文件：rootlocalhost conf# pwd/usr/local/nginx/confrootlocalhost conf# vim ngin x.c onf12 user www;3 worker_processes 1; #開啟的進程數，與 CPU的核數一致，查看CPU的信息:rootlocalhost html# cat /proc/cpu info

6、5 #error_log logs/error.log;錯誤日志6 #error_log logs/error.log no tice;7 #error_log logs/error.log info;redhat 5man 5 syslog.c onfredhat 6man 5 rsyslog.c onf ?9 #pidlogs/ngi nx.pid;*12 events 13 use epoll;#指定nginx使用高效的工作模式14 worker_connections1024;#每個進程能夠處理的最大連接數15 能夠處理的最大連接數=worker_processes x worker_

7、c onnectionsuse epoll; 指定nginx的工作模式默認使用的是select和pollepoll 2.6內核之后，某些發行版，比如SUSE、redhat支持epoll模型# un ame -rlinux 和redhat 和 windows 有沒有可比性？其他的發行版，要想使用高效模式：kqueue BSD系列MacOS等# cat /etc/issueRed Hat En terprise Li nux Server release 5.5 (Tika nga)18http 192022-26282931323436373839404142in eludemime.types

8、;#文件的擴展名和文件類型default_type applicatio n/octet-stream; #文件的類型默認是二進制訪問日志sen dfileon;#開啟高效的文件傳輸模式#tcp_nopushon; #防止網絡阻塞#keepalive_timeout 0;#長連接的超時時間，秒keepalive_timeout65;#gzip on;#開啟gzip壓縮傳輸數據server liste n80;server_ namelocalhost;#charset koi8-r; # 字符集#access_log logs/host.access .log main;4344 locati

9、on / 45 root html; = docume ntroot46 in dexin dex.html in dex.htm;頁面文件的名字47 虛擬主機：基于域名的虛擬主機。FQDNDocume ntrootww1. ngi /htdocs/ww1ww2. ngi /htdocs/ww2default/htdocs/default- /logs(raidO)日志遷移: 從 /usr/local/nginx/logs# mkdir -p /htdocs/ww1,ww2,default -v注意權限： www 進去 xrootlocalhost conf# cd /htdocs/ww1ro

10、otlocalhost ww1# echo ww1. ngin in dex.htmlrootlocalhost ww1# cd ./ww2rootlocalhost ww2# echo ww2. ngin in dex.htmlrootlocalhost ww2# cd ./default/rootlocalhost default# echo default .ngin in dex.html測試配置文件是否正確：rootlocalhost ngin x# ./sb in/nginx-tthe configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.c

11、onf syntax is okconfiguration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful重啟：用kill命令給nginx的pid傳遞一個信號，讓它重新讀取配置文件rootlocalhost n gi nx# cat logs/ngin x.pid19449nginx的平滑重啟：rootlocalhost nginx# kill -HUP 19449客戶端測試：vim /etc/hosts添加53ww1. ngi 53ww2. ngi 打開瀏覽器：. ngi ww1.

12、ngin . ngin ww2. ngin /default .ngin nginx的日志管理錯誤日志：nginx出問題，查看錯誤日志，排錯訪問日志：查看有哪些客戶端來訪問自己log_format ww1 $remote_addr - $remote_user $time_local $request$status $body_bytes_se nt $http_referer$http_user_age nt $http_x_forwarded_for;access_log logs/ww1.log ww1;1. Iog_format指定日志的格式log_format n ame forma

13、t$remote_addr 禾口 $http_x_forwarded_for: i己錄 ip 地址 *$remote_user :記錄客戶端的用戶名稱$time_local :記錄訪問時間和時區*$request :記錄請求的URL和HTTP協議$status :記錄請求狀態$body_bytes_sent:記錄發送給客戶端的文件的主體內容的大小$http_referer :記錄從哪個頁面鏈接過來的$http_user_age nt :記錄客戶端瀏覽器的信息2. access_log指定日志的存放路徑問題：日志輪替寫一個日志輪替的腳本，結合計劃任務。1周替換一個新的日志文件？農場和斗地主斗地主

14、：server ip : rootlocalhost si# yum in stall -y httpd mysql-server php php-mysqlrootlocalhost html# pwd/var/www/htmlrootlocalhost html# lsddzrootlocalhost html# chmod -R 777 ddz/rootlocalhost html# /etc/i nit.d/mysqld startmysql create database ddz;mysql grant all on ddz.* to ddzuserlocalhost identif

15、ied by 123456;mysql flush privileges;rootlocalhost html# vim +391 /etc/httpd/c on f/httpd.co nfrootlocalhost html# /etc/i nit.d/httpd restart網頁安裝:服務器：localhost數據庫：ddzDB 帳號:ddzuserDB 密碼：123456QQ農場：server ip : rootlocalhost s1# yum in stall -y httpd mysql-server php php-mysqlrootlocalhost Desktop# lsf

16、lash-plugin-5-release.i386.rpmqq 農場.ziprootlocalhost Desktop# unzip qq 農場.zip -d /var/www/html/rootlocalhost html# pwd/var/www/htmlrootlocalhost html# mv upload/ qqrootlocalhost html# Isddz qqrootlocalhost html# chmod -R 777 qqrootlocalhost html# /etc/i nit.d/mysqld startmysql create datab

17、ase qq;mysql grant all on qq.* to qquserlocalhost identified by 123456;mysql flush privileges;rootlocalhost html# vim +391 /etc/httpd/c on f/httpd.co nfrootlocalhost html# /etc/i nit.d/httpd restartrootlocalhost qq# pwd/var/www/html/qqrootlocalhost qq# mysql qq 靜態頁面 index.html/htdocs/ww1/i ndex.html

18、location /index.html寫在虛擬主機里：location /index.html deny all;寫完了別忘了重啟服務。location /index.html return 404;location /.*.html$ return 404;rootlocalhost ww1# pwd/htdocs/ww1rootlocalhost ww1# lsin dex.htmlrootlocalhost ww1# echo 123 123.htmlrootlocalhost ww1# echo 456 456.htmllocation /123.html rewrite A/123

19、.html$ . ngi in dex.jsp asp?asdhka903249871fsdain dex.jsp?.*反向代理+負載均衡軟件7層 負載均衡：nginxL7SW( layer 7 )酉己置nginx :http upstream uplook #定義一個 server_pool , 里面有一組服務器server 02;#這是 3 個 apache 的 ipserver 03;server 04;server liste n80;locati on / proxy_pass;timeoutproxy_ next_u

20、pstreamhttp_500 http_502 http_503 errorin valid_header;in elude /usr/local/ngi nx/con f/proxy.c onf;rootlocalhost conf# vim proxy.c onfproxy_redirect off;proxy_set_header Host $host;#設置由后端服務器獲取用戶的主機名ip地址proxy_set_header X-Real_IP $remote_addr;#設置后端服務器獲取用戶的真實proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;#設置有后端服務器獲取代理者的真實ipclie nt_body_buffer_size 128k;#用于指疋客戶端請求主體緩沖區大小proxy_c onn