1、虛擬語氣(一英語有兩種語氣陳述語氣和虛擬語氣。陳述語氣表示事實上發生的事情或客觀存在的情況。虛擬語氣表示假定、想象、愿望等非事實觀念。.虛擬語氣在條件句中主要有以下幾種情況。(1.表達與現在的事實相反的假設或想象:條件從句主句If + 主語 + 過去式,主語 + should/would + 動詞原形If + 主語 + were,主語 + would/should + 動詞原形其中,should用于第一人稱,would可用于各個人稱。If I had enough money, I should/would buy a camera.假如我有足夠的錢,我就買一架照相機。If I were ri

2、ch, I would help the poor.假如我富有,我愿幫助窮人。(2.表達與過去事實相反的假設或想象:條件從句主句If + 主語 + had + 過去分詞,主語 + should/would have + 過去分詞If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car.如果我有足夠的錢,我就買新車了。(= I didnt have enough money, so I didnt buy it.(事實上我那時沒有錢,所以我沒買它表示與過去的事實相反。If it had not rained yesterday, we should

3、 have gone fishing.假如昨天沒下雨的話,我們就釣魚去了。(3表達與將來事實相反的假設或想象,有三種形式:條件從句主句If +主語+ should + 動詞原形,主語 + should/would + 動詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go.萬一明天下雨,我就不去。注意:if從句的動詞形式不分人稱與數,一律用“should+動詞原形”條件從句主句If +主語 + were to + 動詞原形,主語 + should/would +動詞原形If I were to go abroad, I would go to Americ

4、a. 倘若我要出國,我就到美國。條件從句主句If +主語 +動詞過去式,主語 + should/would +動詞原形If he went to the party, he would be disappointed.他如果去參加聚會的話,他會后悔的。時態形式混用的虛擬語氣用法:(4 在條件狀語從句中,常會出現主句所表示的行為所發生的時間與從句表示的行為的時間不一致。If you had gone to bed early last night, you would not be so sleepy now.如果你昨晚早些睡覺,你現在就不會這么困了。If I were you, I would

5、nt have gone to the party last night.如果我是你的話,我昨晚就不會去參加那個聚會。(5條件從句if的省略:當從句中有were,過去分詞had, 或should時,if經常省略。此時,主語后面的主動詞(were,had,should等被移至句首。Were I a bird, I would fly to you.= If I were a bird, I would fly to you,假如我是一只鳥,我愿飛到你那兒去。Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go there.= If it should rain tomo

6、rrow, I would not go there.萬一明天下雨,我就不去那兒。(6虛擬語氣與陳述語氣混用:在句中有but, otherwise等表示轉折的詞語時,兩個分句中可能會分別使用虛擬語氣和陳述語氣。論及現在的情形:He would gain weight but he doesnt eat much.他有可能增重的(虛擬語氣,可是他吃得太少(陳述語氣。論及過去的情形:I would have gone with you to the party, but I had to study.我原本可以和你一起去參加晚會(虛擬語氣,但是,我得學習(陳述語氣。用在賓語從句中的虛擬語氣(在表示

7、愿望的動詞wish后的賓語從句中,需用虛擬語氣。(wish后的that 常省略,根據主句時態,從句謂語時態相應退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.(在具有愿望、請求、建議、命令等主觀意愿的動詞(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide 后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用(should +動詞原形。值得注意的是,如果賓語從句的動詞是否定的,否定詞not 的位置應在動詞之前,而不是動詞之后。例如:The

8、 head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表達“暗示”,insist表示“堅持某種說法”時,后面的從句不用虛擬語氣,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外,上述動詞也要求用虛擬式在It is+上述動詞的過去分詞,其后所跟的主語從句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.在上述動詞相應的名詞形式作主語+連系動詞,其后

9、的表語從句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.在對上述動詞相應的名詞進行解釋的同位語從句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.would (hadrather , would sooner也用來表達主觀愿望,它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現在或將來,用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.其他形式的虛擬

10、語氣it is +necessary等形容詞后,that主語從句中虛擬形式使用,這類形容詞包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.在It's (high/about time 之后的定語從句中

11、需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式,例如It is high time that you went to school虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導的方式狀語從句中的應用(謂語動詞形式與wish后的賓語從句基本相同表示與現在事實相反或對現在情況有懷疑,謂語動詞用過去式。例如: He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示過去想象中的動作或情況,謂語動詞用過去完成式。在lest 引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞多用虛擬語氣,(should + 動詞原形。例如:The mad man was put i

12、n the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四級第38題在if only 引起的感嘆句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式或過去完成式。例如:Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.虛擬語氣:表示動作或狀態不是客觀存在的事實,而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設或推測等。如:If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。I wish I could pass the

13、 examination.我希望我能通過考試。May you succeed!祝您成功!虛擬語氣在語法里算得上是個難點。讓我們就從最簡單的開始吧。語法專項練習:1. But for the help of John, he _ last night.A. should have drownedB. would have drownedC. was drownedD. may have drowned2. If it _ fine tomorrow, we would go for a swim in the sea.A. would beB. should beC. isD. was to3.

14、 He suffered a sudden heart attack and her wife found him dead when she got home from work. But _.A. if his wife came back earlier, he might be savedB. if his wife had come back earlier, he might be savedC. if his wife came back earlier, he might have been savedD. if his wife had come back earlier,

15、he might have been saved4. I would rather she _ tomorrow than by plane.A. travel on trainB. traveled by trainC. travels by trainD. travelling by the train5. How old would you _ if you _ in 1900?A. be; had been bornB. be; would be bornC. have been; would be bornD. have been; were6. _ the sun, nothing

16、 on earth could live.A. Were it not toB. If it were not toC. If it had not been forD. If it were not for7. If he _, give him the message.A. were comingB. would comeC. should comeD. were come8. Were I to move to a foreign country, I _ away all my furniture in my house here.A. would giveB. shall giveC

17、. gaveD. will give9. I would go to the concert but I _ no time.A. hadB. had hadC. haveD. has10. Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?Yes, I would have, but I _ so busy then.A. had beenB. wereC. wasD. am11. Why didnt you buy it?I _ but I didnt have the money.A. wouldB. would haveC.

18、 had hadD. had bought12. You should have finished it sooner.I know but I _ the time.A. dont haveB. wont haveC. didnt haveD. had not13. _ water, we could not live a day in the desert.A. WithoutB. NoC. Having noD. But not for14. If you _ the doctors advice, you would have recovered already.A. followed

19、B. would followedC. will followD. had followed15. If he had not lost the money, he _ the piano last week.A. could have boughtB. had boughtC. would buyD. have bought1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish ever

20、y family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tiredA. drove; didnt getB. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to

21、 the Yangpu BridgeA. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC.