1、Lesson 01 A Puma at large逃遁的美洲獅 之五兆芳芳 創(chuàng)作Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 聽錄音，然后答復(fù)以下問題 .Where must the puma have come from?Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reportscame into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles southof London

2、, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began toaccumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptionsgiven by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman pickingblack

3、berries sawa large cat only five yards away fromher. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a pumawill not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult,for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at anotherplace twenty miles

4、 away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail ofdead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number ofplaces and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complainedof c-alitkenoises naigt ht and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a

5、 tree. Theexperts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had itcome from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country,this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehowmanaged to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but t

6、he puma was notcaught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in thequiet countryside. New words and expressions 生詞和短語 puma(title)/pju:m+/n.美洲獅 corner(1. 9)/k&:n+/v. 使走投無路，使陷入困境 spot(1. 2)/sp&t/v. 看出，發(fā)明 trail(1. 11)/treil/n. 一串，一系列 evidence(1. 4)/evid+ns/n 證

7、據(jù) print(1.12)/print/n. 印痕 accumulate(1. 4)/ekju:mjuleit/v. 堆集，儲蓄堆集 cling(1.12)/kliR/(clung/kl)R/, clung)v. 粘oblige(1.5)/+blaid/v.使感應(yīng)必須 convince. 14)/k+nvins/v.使 信服hunt(1. 7)/h)nt/n. 追獵；尋找 somehow(1. 16)/s)mha(/adv. 不知怎么弄地，不blackberry(1. 8)/bl$kb+ri/n. 黑莓 知什么原因human being(1. 9)/?hju:m+n-bi:iR/ 人類 dis

8、turb(1. 17)/dist*:b/v. 令人不安 Noteson the text 課文注釋1 at large 是介詞短語，此處暗示“逍遙自在”、“步履自 由”的意思 .2 When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spottedforty-five miles south of London, 當(dāng)倫敦動物園接 到陳述說，在倫敦以南 45 英里的地方發(fā)明一頭野生美洲獅 時 .這個從句中以 that 引導(dǎo)的從句是 reports 的同位語，用于 進(jìn)一步說明陳述的內(nèi)容 .3 feel obliged to do

9、sth. 是“感應(yīng)不克不及不做某事”的意思 .4 it left behind it a trail of,它身后留下一串.a trail of 作 left 的賓語， behind it 是狀語，提到賓語之前是 為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊 .5 puma fur was found clinging to bushes 中，clinging 是現(xiàn)在分詞，此處作主語 puma fur 的主語補(bǔ)足語 .下文中 As no pumas had beenreported missing-句中， missing 也是現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語 .6 in the possession of,為. 所有 .參考譯文

10、美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大動物，產(chǎn)于美洲.當(dāng)倫敦動物園接到陳述說，在倫敦以南 45 英里處發(fā)明一只美洲獅時，這些陳述并沒有受到重視 .可是，隨著證據(jù)越來越多，動物園 的專家們感應(yīng)有需要進(jìn)行一番調(diào)查，因為但凡聲稱見到過 美洲獅的人們所描述的情況竟是出奇地相似 . 搜尋美洲獅的任務(wù)是從一座小村莊開始的.那里的一位婦女在采摘黑莓時看見“一只大貓”，離她僅 5 碼遠(yuǎn)，她剛看見 它，它就立刻逃走了 .專家證實(shí)，美洲獅除非被逼得走投無 路，是決不會傷人的 .事實(shí)上搜尋任務(wù)很困難，因為經(jīng)常是 早晨在甲地發(fā)明那只美洲獅，晚上卻在 20 英里外的乙地發(fā)明它的蹤跡 .無論它走到哪兒，一路上總會留下一串死鹿以 及死兔

11、子之類的小動物 .在許多地方看見了爪印，灌木叢中 也發(fā)明了粘在上面的美洲獅毛 .有人埋怨說夜里聽見了“像 貓一樣的叫聲”；一位商人去釣魚，看見那只美洲獅在樹 上.專家們?nèi)缃褚呀?jīng)完全肯定那只動物就是美洲獅，但它是 從哪兒來的呢？由于全國動物園沒有一家陳述丟了美洲 獅，因此那只美洲獅一定是某位私人收藏家飼養(yǎng)的，不知 怎么設(shè)法逃出來了 .搜尋任務(wù)進(jìn)行了好幾個星期，但始終未 能逮住那只美洲獅 .想到在寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村里有一頭危險的野獸 持續(xù)逍遙流竄，真令人擔(dān)心 .Summary writing 摘要寫作In not more than 80 words describe how experts came t

12、o the conclusion that theanimal seen by many people really was a puma. Do not include anything that isnot in the passage.Answer these questions in note form to get your points:1 What sort of reports were received by London Zoo?2 Were the reports similar in nature or not?3 Who saw it first?4 Did it s

13、tay in one place,or did it move from place to place?5 What did it leave behind it?6 Were paw prints and puma fur found as well or not?7 What was heard at night?8 Was the animal seen up a tree or not?9 Were experts now sure that the animal really was a puma or not?Vocabulary 詞匯Give another word or ph

14、rase to WordStr the following words as they are used inthe passage:spotted(1. 2);accumulate(1. 4); obliged to(1. 5); claimed(1. 6);extraordinarily similar(1. 6); immediately(1. 8); convinced(1. 15).Composition 作文Describe the occasion when the woman picking blackberries saw the puma.Expand the follow

15、ing into a paragraph of about 150 words.Mrs. Stone had spent the whole morningTt was nearly lunch time, so shedecided Shwas just whenshe heard a noisein Then she saw an animal whichbecause The animal suddenly and she thought it was going to Shedropped her basket and Hearing the sound, the animal aft

16、er which, Mrs.Stone and they (86 words)Letter writing 書信寫作On a full page, show the exact position of each of the following:The address and date;the beginning of the letter;the Introduction;thePurpose;the Conclusion;the letter-ending;the signature;the postscript. Supply allnecessary full stops and co

17、mmas.Key structures 關(guān)頭句型Simple, Compound and Complex Statements. 復(fù)雜句、并列句 和復(fù)合句( IKS73 )(拜見第 2 冊第 73 課關(guān)頭句型)Exercise 練習(xí)Underline all the joining words in the passage. Note carefully how simplestatements have been joined to make compound or complex statements.Special difficulties 難點(diǎn) 過來曾有一種傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)則，認(rèn)為英文句子不允

18、許以介詞結(jié)尾 .現(xiàn)在，這種所謂的禁忌早以破除.在現(xiàn)代英語中，除正體書面語體外，以介詞結(jié)尾的句子良多，在口語中更加罕有 .Where had it come from? (1. 14)She knew it was not a catInstead of saying: It is better to say:About whom are you talking?Who(m)are you talking about?That is the film about which I told you.That is the film I told you about.(Compare ISD 28)

19、 (對比第 2 冊第 28 課難點(diǎn))Exercises 練習(xí)A Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:1 What are you looking _ ?2 Where is your mother going _ ?3 Whom has the letter been sent _ ?4 This is the house I was born _ .5 What does your decision depend _ ?B Write these sentences again c

20、hanging the position of the words in italics.Where possible, omit the words whom or which.1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much.2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.3 From whom did you receive a letter?4 This is the road by which we came.5 Where is the pencil with which

21、you were playing?Multiple choice questions 多項選擇題Choose the correct answers to the following questions. Comprehension 理解1 Experts eventually decided to investigate _ .abecause they did not believe that pumas existed in England bbecause theywanted a puma for the London Zoo c when a woman saw a puma in

22、 a smallvillage d because peoples descriptions of the puma had a lot in common2 What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma hadbeen seen in the village?a The puma had not attacked the woman.b The woman had described the animal she had seen as a large cat .c A puma had come ve

23、ry close to a human being.d The puma had behaved like a cat.3 What was the problem the experts were unable to solve?a How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.b How the puma had escaped from a zoo.c Whom the puma had belonged to.d How the numa had climbed a tree.Structure

24、結(jié)構(gòu)4 The accumulating evidence made the experts _ theanimal was a puma. (lines 4-6)a to thinkb thinkingc think d thought5 People said _ the puma. (lines 5-6)a to have seenb to seec they sawd they had seen6 _ , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)a Observing herb On being observedc Having been observe

25、dd On her being observed7 Pumas never attack a human being except _ cornered.(line 9)a they are b being c that they ared when they are8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal _a puma. (lines 13-14) a must be b should have been c can only bed could only have beenVocabulary 詞匯9 The woman

26、 saw a large cat _ five yards away from her.(lines 7-8) a at least b four orc no more thand within10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be. (line 9)a in a corner b in a trap c at an angle d under cover11 A business man on a fishing trip is probably someone who. (line 13)

27、asells fish b fishes for pleasurec nets fish d earns his living as a fisherman12 A private collector is a man who collects _ . (lines 1516)a for his own benefitb on his ownc in private d unknown to the publicNew words and expression 生詞和短語 學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時僅知道漢語語義是不敷的，要把單詞放在語句 中體會其應(yīng)用 學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)頭句結(jié)構(gòu)是則要把它放在段落結(jié)構(gòu)或文章里 spot

28、v.看出,發(fā)明= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 , 分辯出 , 看見 , 識別, 發(fā)明- A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.- He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 同意詞：- find ：強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)明的結(jié)果 / find out ：查出事實(shí)真相-discover:做出重大發(fā)明/ notice :注意到-observe:不雅察/ watch :不雅察勾當(dāng)中的人或畫面Spot n.斑點(diǎn)- There is a white spot on the shir

29、t.on the spot 有兩個寄義：1 立刻 , 馬上（ at once, immediately ）- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot. 2 at the place ofthe action 在現(xiàn)場- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.Evidence n .證據(jù)（不成數(shù)名詞）Evident adj . 明顯的 , 顯然的 / evidently adv. 明顯地 , 顯然 Evidence = proof （n.證據(jù)）- Whe

30、n the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.in evidence 顯而易見的- He was in evidence at the party.Accumulate v. 堆集 , 儲蓄堆集（強(qiáng)調(diào)堆集的進(jìn)程）- As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.Gather vt.聚集,把某人召集在某處- The teacher gathered his students in the classCollect

31、vt. 搜集 , 收集- Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby. （ n .業(yè)余快樂喜愛）Assemble v.薈萃，會議/裝配- A large number of people assemble on the square.Hoard vt. 大量的儲存 （ - hoard up = store up 儲藏）- The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （ squirrel n. 松鼠）（ nut n. 堅果）amass vt 儲蓄堆集（主要用于詩歌和文學(xué)作品）

32、- The clouds amassed above the hills感應(yīng)必須feel obliged to do sth 感到有需要做某事-I feel obliged to say no to his demand （n.要求,需要）be obliged to do sth 自愿做某事- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off. （ debt n.債務(wù)）hunt v.n.追獵, 尋找 （hunt for ）- The experts from London zoo began to hunt（v.）for a

33、puma. - The hunt（n.）for the puma proved the difficult.（prove vt.證明 , 證實(shí)）search 搜尋某處為了尋找到某人或某物- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.run after 強(qiáng)調(diào)追趕 , 追求- look, a dog is running after a cat- what are you run after in your lifeseek = pursue v.追尋(理想)chase v. 追趕 ( - They are chasing a

34、 thief / They are running after a thief )blackberry n. 黑莓 / berry n. 漿果 human being 人類 corner v. 使走投無路 , 使陷入困境 作為動詞 , 經(jīng)常使用主動語態(tài) - The thief was cornered at last - Theproblem cornered me.corner n. 角落- at the corner of the street- in the corner of the room - on the corner of the desk Trail n. 一串 , 一系列

35、trailvt. 跟蹤 , 追蹤 ( = follow )- The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding ( criminal n. 罪犯)Cling v. 粘 (clung, clung, clinging )- She is always clinging to her mother.- He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他懷有成功 的希望stick v.粘住 (-stick the envelop ) n.信圭寸stick to 保持（- stick

36、 to the plan / stick to one s promise）n.許諾sticky adj.粘的 （-sticky fingers ）信服1convince sb of sth-I convince him of my honesty. （ n.誠實(shí), 正直） 我使他 相信我的誠實(shí) .2 be convinced that -I am convinced that she is honest girl. （ adj.誠實(shí)的, 正直的）somehowadv.不知怎么弄地，不知什么原因= by some means, in some way, for some reason unkn

37、own- Ill get the book back somehow. 無論如何我要把這本 書取回來 .- I got lost somehow 不知怎么弄地 , 我迷失了 .Somewhat adv.稍微，有點(diǎn)，有些 （二二 a little）- The price is somewhat higher than I expect. （high adj.高的）disturb v.令人不安disturbing adj.令人不安的/ disturbed adj.感應(yīng)不安的 surprising adj.令人驚訝的 /surprised adj.感應(yīng)驚訝的 wild adj. 野性的 , 野生的i

38、nvestigate v. 調(diào)查 , 研究descriptionn.扌苗寫,扌苗述extraordinarily adv. 特別地， 很是地， 非分特別 similar adj . 相似的 , 類似的 attackvt. 進(jìn)犯difficult adj . 困難的 , 艱巨的 difficulty n. 困難 , 難點(diǎn)rabbit n.兔,野兔paw n.手掌，手爪fur n.毛皮,毛，軟毛bush n.矮樹叢fully adv. 充分地 , 完全地 collector n. 收藏家 , 征收者Text 課文at large 逃遁的 , 沒有被控制的- The thief is still a

39、t largeat large 詳細(xì)地(=in detail) n.細(xì)節(jié)，詳情- I need talk to you at largeat large 總體來講( = as a whole )- The students at large are hungry for English. ( hungry adj. 饑 餓的, 渴望的)Where must the puma have come from?Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.在英文的表達(dá)方法中，首先呈現(xiàn)給讀者的是結(jié)果（和中文 不合）英文擅長用長

40、句，中文擅長用短句 .- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. （panda n.熊貓）cat-like 貓一樣的 , 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一樣的 / lifelike 栩栩如生的When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spottedforty-five milessouth of London, they were not taken seriously. 一般來講定語從句和同位語從句緊隨在被修飾名詞的前 面，但為了保

41、持句子平衡，也可以把 謂語動詞放到從句之前1 定語從句只是對于被修飾詞的彌補(bǔ)說明、修飾 - 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：-指人：主語 who; 賓語 who, whom ; 定語 whose- 指物： that （也可以指人） / which- 時間狀語： when / 地點(diǎn)狀語： where / 原因狀語： why2 同位語從句則是講述被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容- 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：- 名詞 （做主語、賓語等 ）：關(guān)系詞用 that 而不是 which-時間： when; 地點(diǎn)： where- 定語從句中沒有 what 這個關(guān)系詞，但 what 可以引導(dǎo)同位 語從句- An idea came to her

42、that she might do the experiment in another way.- I have no idea what has happened to him.they were not taken seriously （they 指代 reports ）take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 認(rèn)真地對待某事 - I always take yoursuggestions seriously.take sth lightly 輕率地對待某事（ lightly adv. 輕率地）- Don t take the hot pot

43、ato lightly （hot potato n. 辣手的問題）However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo feltobliged toinvestigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen thepuma wereextraordinarily similar.Howeveradv.然而（起轉(zhuǎn)折作用）As 連詞：隨著 , 當(dāng).之時過來分詞做定語：- the descriptions given by peop

44、le- the story told by the sailor （n. 船員 , 水手 , 船員 ）- a book written by Luxun claim to have done sth 聲稱曾做過某事- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman pickingblackberries sawa large cat only five yards away from her.Where a wom

45、an picking 定語從句- I still remember the school where I studied English.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma willnot attacka human being unless it is cornered.Confirm = be sure = be certain （confirm vt. 確定 ）Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered （unless conj

46、. 如果不 , 除非 ）- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in themorningand at another place twenty miles away in the evening. search = huntWherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like

47、rabbits.把某物留在前面： leave behind- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging tobushes.英文表達(dá)方法習(xí)習(xí)用主動語態(tài) , 突出客不雅事實(shí) .而中文則善 于運(yùn)用動作的執(zhí)行者 .puma fur was found clinging to bushes. （主動）- clinging to bushes 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做賓補(bǔ)Sev

48、eral people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on afishing trip saw the puma up a plain of/about sth 埋怨某事on+名詞：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行- on the rise 在上升 / on the increase 在增加- on the watch 在不雅看 / on the match 在角逐中- on the fishing trip 在釣魚的途中 / on holiday 在度假The experts were now fully convinced

49、 that the animal was a puma, but wherehad it comefrom?Fully （ adv .充分地 , 完全地） = completely = entirelyAs no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this onemust havebeen in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.sth be in the possession of sb = sth be

50、 in sbs possession 某物 歸某人所有 （主語是物 ）- The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in the possessionof me.Sb be in possession of sth 某人擁有某物 （主語是人 ）-I am in possession of the beautiful car. （in possession of 做表語）- The person in possession of the big house is excited. （in possession of做

51、定語）take possession of 擁有The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.Went on = lasted （last vi.持續(xù)，持續(xù)）It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quietcountryside.It is disturbing to think that. 一想到就心理不安- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examinationin the quiet countryside 在寧靜的山村Special difficulties 難點(diǎn)Exercises A1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. onExercises B1. He is the man we have heard about so much.2. T