1、介 詞 介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，需與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配，才能在句子中充當(dāng)成分。介詞是用于名詞或代詞之前，表示詞與詞之間關(guān)系的詞類，介詞常與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配表示不同意義。介詞短語中介詞后接名詞、代詞或能夠替代名詞的詞（如：動名詞v-ing）.介詞后的代詞永遠(yuǎn)為賓格形式。一、表示時(shí)間的介詞（一）表示時(shí)間段的介詞 （1）in , after after +時(shí)間段，表示過去某時(shí)間往后推算一段時(shí)間，如：Hell come back in two days. 但點(diǎn)鐘用after( after three oclock)He left on July 2 and returned a

2、fter three days.（2）in , during 表示在一段特指的時(shí)間內(nèi)，可用in 或during The work was done in / during the holidays. 表示年份、月份、季節(jié)用in , 如：in 1999 ,in June , in winter（3）in last, for the past + 時(shí)間段, during表示在最近一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，句中謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.（4）for 表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。Ill study in the U.S for two y

3、earsIve waited for Bingo for half an hour.（二）表示某一時(shí)間的介詞 （1）at, onat 表示某一時(shí)刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如：at 7：14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2一天內(nèi)各段時(shí)間表達(dá), 選用準(zhǔn)確的介詞，請比較：in the morningon a winter / snow / cold / morningat nighton the night of March 7th in the eveningon Friday evening（2）before, bybefore 表示某一時(shí)

4、間之前，而by 表示到某一時(shí)間止，句中謂語動詞多用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：You must get up before six. 你必須六點(diǎn)之前起床。By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”. 到上月底這個(gè)男孩已得了4個(gè)A.（3）after , since after 能夠表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后，并不延續(xù)說話時(shí)間,和一般過去連用，而since表示從過去某時(shí)間開始的一段時(shí)間延續(xù)到說話時(shí)間, 與現(xiàn)在完時(shí)連用 如；My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .解放后我父親住在上海.Since the end o

5、f last year the lady has given five concerts.自去年年底以來，這位女士開了五十場音樂會（4）fromto, until / till from-to表示從某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間到另一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的一段時(shí)間，而until till 表示某動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)時(shí)間如： My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.從1960年到1964年我媽媽在北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。 My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 19

6、64. 我媽媽1960年進(jìn)入北京大學(xué)，一直學(xué)習(xí)到1964年。（但“從早到晚”常表達(dá)為from morning till night）（三）不用介詞表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組含this, that, last, next 的表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組,以及某些時(shí)間的副詞或名詞詞組前不用介詞,如：this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。二、表示事物之間位置的介詞 （1）at, in當(dāng)事物被視作一點(diǎn)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)其空間常用介詞at, 而表示空間內(nèi)部用介詞in, 如：Well meet at the supermarket 我們在超市見面I h

7、ad to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard因?yàn)橄麓笥辏抑缓么粼诔欣?動詞arrive 后接at ,表示較小的地方, 如: 車站、村莊等.后接in 表示較大地方，如: 城市,地區(qū)等（2）in, to in 表示事物在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)的位置，to 表示事物對區(qū)域范圍之外另一事物的位置，如： Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國東部Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國東面。in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范圍內(nèi)，in the front of 表

8、示在前面.在同一范圍內(nèi)。（3）after, behindOnOnOnOverUnderAboveBelow after 指順序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相對于in front of 而言, 如： He entered the classroom after the teacherHe hid himself behind the door 他在門后。（4）on , in on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如將事物看作空間，表示在其內(nèi)部，用介詞in。 There is a modern painting on the wall . There is a modern painting

9、 on the wall .（5）from , off 都表示“離開”（6）above , over, below , under over , under 表示垂直的上下關(guān)系，而above, below 僅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直關(guān)系。（7）between, amongbetween 表示“兩個(gè)事物之間”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之間”。三、表示運(yùn)動方向的介詞（1）into, inside , in 從外到內(nèi) 如： He went quickly into / inside the room. He went quickly into / inside the r

10、oom.（2）out of 從里到外，相當(dāng)于outside, 或從里向外,相當(dāng)于from She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出辦公室. The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .這男孩透過窗觀看外面的公交車、小汽車和自行車。（3）on 在表面，onto 到上A boat is on the river. 一條小船在河上。He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵樹（4）across 穿過一平面、through 穿過一空間 The boy

11、kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass. 這男孩用力踢球，球飛過草地。 The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火車飛駛隧道。（5）The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火車飛駛隧道。She walked to the bank 她步行到銀行去She swam towards the shore 她朝岸邊游去。四、常用介詞用法比較 （1）as , likeas 表示“作為”強(qiáng)調(diào)身份，like (介詞)表示“像”As a teacher, he ca

12、res for these children.Like a teacher, he cares for these children.（2）with , in with 表示“外貌特征或附帶的東西” ,“ 用作工具”in 表示”衣著” ”用某語言”, 在固定搭配中也可用inA man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks. A man in black wanted to buy drinks. The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil. He retold the text in En

13、glish.（3）for , to for表示“為了.” To 表示動作對象, “對, 向.” 如: He would do anything for his motherland. Did you mention this to my father? 你對我父親提起過這件事嗎?for 表示“就某情況而說 ”, to 表示一“對某對象而言”如：Its quite warm today for February.就二月的天氣，今天夠暖和的。What he told you just now was not new to me他剛才對你所說的話對我并不新鮮for 表示“目的,用途”。與go, co

14、me 動詞連用，（4）except , besides except 表示“從總體中排除一部分”, 與bat 同義， besides 表示“除了一部分還有另一部分” We all failed except him. 我們都失敗了，但他沒有。He speaks German besides French.他懂法外還會講英語。（5）注意成對介詞的用法： get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of （6）介詞和名詞動詞等有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法： to ones sur

15、prise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on ones way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of,