1、會計學1ChapterLostGenerationoftheRoaringTwenties1. The Historical Background.a. The First World War tore up the slogan flags into pieces that held high among common moralists. b. Moreover, Russian Revolution stirred up the hatred towards the current social systems among the youth. No aspect of life in

2、the Twenties has been commented upon and sensationally romanticized than the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation. c. The booming of American industry with its gigantic roaring factories, its impersonality, and its large scale aggressiveness, no longer left any room for the code of polite beha

3、vior and well-bred morality fashioned in a quiet and less competitive age.d. And it was during that period that a number of sensitive writers found that since there was little remedy for a country that was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, the only way out was to em

4、igrate to Europe. There they began to think of themselves in the words of Gertrude Stein, as the “Lost Generation.”continueexit第1頁/共16頁2. The Overview of Literature.a. The rise of the modern American literature Although the form and ideas of modern American literature had clearly began to emerge in

5、the first decade of the century, the First World War stands as a great dividing line between the 19th century and contemporary America. Writers of the first postwar self consciously acknowledged that was, as Ezra Pound described it, “an old bitch gone in the teeth.” Yet in the years between the two

6、world wars American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights. The publication in 1922 of T.S. Eliots The Waste Land, the most significant American power of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich learning and all usive thought. In

7、1920 Sinclair Lewis published his memorable continueexit第2頁/共16頁denunciation of American small-town provincialism Main Street, and in the same year Theodore Dreiser began writing his masterpiece of naturalism, An American Tragedy, F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the d

8、ecade in his short stories and in his novel The Great Gatsby. Earnest Hemingway wrote The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Armes, and William Faulkner published one of the most influential American novels of the age, The Sun and the Fury. During the twenty years between the two world wars six Americ

9、an writers who did their best and most original work won the Nobel Price for literature. continueexit第3頁/共16頁b. Lost Generation of the Roaring Twenties War disfigures and tears away precious lives. Its horrors embed themselves like an infectious disease in the minds of the survivors, who, when left

10、to salvage the pieces of their former existences, are brushed into obscurity by the individuals attempting to justify the annihilation of the world that was. The era following World War I epitomizes the inheritance of tribulation and sorrow for the generation that remains to retrieve some form of ha

11、ppiness - the lost generation. The Sun Also Rises will maintain a place in history not only for its literary merit, but also for its documentation of what writer Gertrude Stein called the Lost Generation. continueexit第4頁/共16頁After WWI, many young Americans left their native country, bitter over the

12、war and seeking adventure. A circle of artistic expatriates appeared- among them Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sherwood Anderson, Ezra Pound, and Pablo Picasso. Hemingway and Fitzgerald employed their keen social observation in writing The Sun Also Rises and The Great Gatsby, respectively, widely

13、considered the two masterpieces of Lost Generation fiction. continueexit第5頁/共16頁1. Lifea. Scott Fitzgerald was born in 1896 and grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota. From boyhood Fitzgerald experienced both the conflict and the fluidity of class in American life.b. His mother nurtured social ambition in h

14、er only son, and Fitzgerald was sent east to a Catholic prep school, and then to Princeton where he began career as a writer.c. Fitzgerald met and instantly fell in love with Zelda Sayre and married on April 3, 1920. Their life to a great extent epitomized what Fitzgerald had already called the Jazz

15、 Age. d. Fitzgerald first published The Great Gatsby on April 10, 1925, a story set in Long Islands North Shore and New York City during the summer of 1922. e. Fitzgerald died on December 21, 1940, in Hollywood, in Grahams apartment, before the book The Last Tycoon was finished.exitcontinue第6頁/共16頁2

16、. Literary Worksa. NovelsThis Side of Paradise (New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1920) The Beautiful and Damned (New York: Scribner, 1922) The Great Gatsby (New York: Scribner, 1925) Tender Is the Night (New York: Scribner, 1934) The Last Tycoon originally The Love of the Last Tycoon (New York: Scr

17、ibners, published posthumously, 1941) b. Short Story CollectionsFlappers and Philosophers (Short Story Collection, 1920) Tales of the Jazz Age (Short Story Collection, 1922) All the Sad Young Men (Short Story Collection, 1926) continueexit第7頁/共16頁3. A brief introduction to his masterpiece, The Great

18、 GatsbyThe Great Gatsby is the best novel of Fitzgerald. As a novel with strong tragic flavor, it keeps in step with the time and its criticism of America society is really penetrating. The novel shows the disillusion of “American Dream” in the 1920s. At that age, it was impossible for Gatsby to suc

19、ceed. The novel also shows that in the American society of 1920s, the commons were in total depravity. It tells us that there is no way to go from money to love, from material to spirit. In a split world, love could neither make up the split nor replace the value. It is full of realistic meaning eve

20、n today. exitcontiune第8頁/共16頁The clues of the novel are very clear, while the specific events are mysterious. In it, we can fully enjoy the glamour of art. In addition, the novel is intensely lyrical. With colorful musical elements, the author composed a tragic song, leaving a lot of questions for u

21、s to think about.4. The Jazz Age What repeats frequently in the majority of his books describes the period from 1918-1929, the years between the end of World War I and the start of the Roaring Twenties; ending with the rise of the Great Depression, the traditional values of this age saw great declin

22、e while the American exitcontiune第9頁/共16頁stock market soared. The focus of the elements of this age, in some contrast with the Roaring Twenties, in historical and cultural studies, are somewhat different, with a greater emphasis on all Modernism.The age takes its name from jazz music, which saw a tr

23、emendous surge in popularity among many segments of society. Among the prominent concerns and trends of the period are the public embrace of technological developments (typically seen as progress)cars, air travel and the telephoneas well as new modernist trends in social behavior, the arts, and cult

24、ure. Central developments included Art Deco design and architecture. In addition, many amateur artists began to aspire including Duke Ellington, Picasso, etc.exitcontiune第10頁/共16頁III. Ernest Hemingway 1. Life:a. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer

25、 in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. b. Before the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. A

26、fter his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution.exitcontiune第11頁/共16頁c. During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he

27、 described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officers disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the ba

28、ckground for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). d. Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), finally brought him onto the stage of the Nobel Prize in 1954.exitcontiune第12頁/共16頁2. His main works: The Sun Also Rises (1926);A Farewell to Arms (1929);Green Hills of Africa（1935）;For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940);The Old Man and the