1、GRE考試寫作部分issue優秀范文 行動理論 Action theory con _rned with theories about the pro _sses causing intentional (willful) hu _n bodily movements of more or less plex kind. Basic action theory typically describes action as behavior caused by an agent in a particular situation. The agent?s desires and beliefs (

2、e.g. my wanting a glass of water and believing the clear liquid in the cup in front of me is water) lead to bodily behavior (e.g. reaching over for the glass). In the _ theory, the desire and belief jointly cause the action. We should take the con _pt of intention as basic and not _yzable into belie

3、fs and desires. A reward, tangible or intangible, is presented after the ourren _ of an action (i.e. behavior) with the intent to cause the behavior to our again. This is done by associating positive meaning to the behavior. Stu _s show that if the person re _ives the reward immediately, the effect

4、would be greater, and decreases as duration lengthens. Repetitive action-reward bination can cause the action to bee habit. Rewards can also be organized as extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic rewards are external to the person; for example, praise or money. Intrinsic rewards are internal to the perso

5、n; for example, satisfaction or aomplishment. Some authors distinguish between two forms of intrinsic motivation: one based on enjoyment, the other on obligation. In this context, obligation refers to motivation based on what an individual thinks ought to be done. For instan _, a feeling of responsi

6、bility for a mission _y lead to helping others beyond what is easily observable, rewarded, or fun. A reinfor _r is different from reward, in that reinfor _ment is intended to create a measured increase in the rate of a desirable behavior following the addition of something to the enviro _ent. Are we

7、 free to _ke our own choi _s? To answer the question, we must first cut the fat off the widely used definition of choi _. Defining choi _ in this situation can be a difficult task. A popular definition of choi _ could be a mental pro _ss through which an individual weighs the consequen _s of their a

8、ctions to create an ideal i _ge of their preferen _ to the oute of their actions. But, when you look at this definition, you see that it suggests that someone who fails to carefully _yze their actions doesn?t actually _ke choi _s. Can we assume by this definition that choi _s are free? We can say yes, because aording to this definition, if we do carefully _yze our actions, we create the oute t