Unit3 The Earth重點(diǎn)單詞Earth 地球quiz 小測(cè)試pattern 模式protect 保護(hù)report 報(bào)告part 部分land 陸地field 田地large 大的provide 提供pollution 污染burn 燃燒energy 能源pollute(動(dòng)詞) 污染ground 地面kill 殺死important 重要的fact 事實(shí)kilometer 公里own 擁有catch 捕捉problem問(wèn)題call v.呼叫，稱(chēng)呼，打電話(huà)給 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)protect the Earth 保護(hù)地球 protect sb./sth. from 保護(hù)某人/物 provide.with 為.提供 be covered by 被覆蓋make energy 制造能源 o 把.倒入stop doing sth停止做某事 (不做這件事了）只指一件事 stop to do sth停下來(lái)做某事 （停止做這件事，去做另外一件事）throw away扔掉 throw about 亂扔 如：Dont throw about the waste paper.III常考句型1.The Earth provides us with air，water and food.2.Its +形容詞+for sb.+to do sth.3.There be +主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)4.We can ask people not to do sth.IV詳細(xì)講解1.All plants need light and water.所有的植物都需要陽(yáng)光和水。(page31)注：need在這為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，可用于各種句型，有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。need也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但僅用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，后接動(dòng)詞原形。例：Does he need to hand in his examination paper now?他需要現(xiàn)在交卷嗎？-Must I finish my homework now?我必須先在完成我的作業(yè)嗎？-No，you neednt.不，不需要。2.There are also many people like you and me on Earth.地球上也有很多像你我一樣的人。(page31)注：also, 副詞,意為“也”。例：Tom is going to Canada, Linda is also going to Canada.湯姆打算去加拿大，琳達(dá)耶也打算去。析：also, too和either三者都表示“也”，其中also和too可以替換，都可以用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，但位置不同。also常放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，be動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞(例如feel，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，后面必須與表語(yǔ)連用，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)情況)后面；too常放在句末，too前面要加逗號(hào)。either只用于否定句。例：She plays the piano and sings, too. =She plays the piano and also sings. 她會(huì)彈琴也會(huì)唱歌。 I dont like the pink one, I dont like the red one either. 我不喜歡那個(gè)粉色的，我也不喜歡那個(gè)紅色的。3.Its important for us to protect the Earth for our future. (page31)為了我們的未來(lái)，保護(hù)地球很重要。 注: Its +形容詞+for sb.+to do sth.It在句中作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為不定式to protect the Earth.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，可以放在句前也可以放在句后。句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。4.Air has no smell.空氣無(wú)味。（page35） no:修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于not a/an如：she has no brother=she doesnt have a brother 修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)或者可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于not any.如：There are no desk in the classroom.=There arent any desks in the classroom. 5.We can ask people not to eat shark fin soup.我們可以讓人們不喝魚(yú)翅湯。（page37） ask sb. to do sth. 要求/請(qǐng)求某人做某事（固定搭配） ask sb. not to do sth.要求/ 請(qǐng)求某人不要做某事如：Our teachers always ask us to do homework after class.IV語(yǔ)法一、名詞的數(shù)：名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類(lèi)。可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)往往要與不定冠詞a或an連用，復(fù)數(shù)則使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。（一）可數(shù)名詞1. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示名詞的單數(shù)，要在名詞前加不定冠詞a或an. a加載以輔音開(kāi)頭的名詞前，an加在以元音開(kāi)頭的名詞前。如： a book an apple 2. 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在單數(shù)名詞后加上-s或“-es構(gòu)成的，其復(fù)數(shù)的一般構(gòu)成方法如下表：情況 構(gòu)成方法 例詞一般情況在詞尾加sdesk-desks girl-girls以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-esbus-buses fish-fishes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-esfamilies party-parties以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-sday-days key-keys以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞變f或fe為v再加-esknife-knives wife-wives以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-espotato-potatoes hero-heroes以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-sradio-radios zoo-zoos注意：（1）少數(shù)以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加-s。 如：photo-photos相片 piano-pianos鋼琴（2） 一些名詞的不規(guī)則變化1)元音發(fā)生變化 man-men男人 woman-women女人 foot-feet腳 tooth-teeth牙2)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同deer-deer鹿 fish-fish魚(yú) sheep-sheep綿羊 Chinese-Chinese中國(guó)人3)詞尾發(fā)生變化child-children孩子 ox-oxen公牛4)有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式clothes衣服 trousers褲子 glasses眼鏡 scissors剪子（二）不可數(shù)名詞1. 不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量的表達(dá)方式當(dāng)表示不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量時(shí)，通常可在不可數(shù)名詞前面加上表示數(shù)量的單位詞。a glass of water一杯水 two glasses of water兩杯水A kilo of meat一公斤肉 two kilos of meat兩公斤肉2. 不可數(shù)名詞的不確切數(shù)量的表達(dá)方式當(dāng)表示不可數(shù)名詞的各種大概、不確切的數(shù)量時(shí)，可運(yùn)用下列單詞和短語(yǔ)：?jiǎn)卧~：not (any) / no沒(méi)有 little幾乎沒(méi)有 a little / some一些 most大部分， all全部 短語(yǔ)：a lot of / lots of /plenty of / much / a great deal of/. 許多二、There be結(jié)構(gòu)there be 結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)表示“某時(shí)或某地有某人或某物”，其形式為“there be +名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”，其中be動(dòng)詞為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，它的形式應(yīng)與緊跟其后面做主語(yǔ)的名詞保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致（主謂一致、就近原則）。 例：There is a desk and four chairs in the room. 房間里有一張桌子和四把椅子。There are four chairs and a desk in the room.房間里有四把椅子和一張桌子。析: There be 結(jié)構(gòu)與have(1)There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)“存在關(guān)系”，而have強(qiáng)調(diào)“所屬關(guān)系”。如:There is a boat in the river. 河里有一條船。I have a nice watch. 我有一塊好看的手表。(2)表示“有”時(shí)，there be 結(jié)構(gòu)不能與行為動(dòng)詞have連用，在表示“附屬于某物/某地的東西”時(shí)，there be結(jié)構(gòu)可以與have替換。如：下周三有個(gè)班會(huì)。There is going to have a class meeting next Wednesday. (錯(cuò))There is going to be a class meeting next Wednesday. (對(duì))教室墻上有四扇窗戶(hù)。There are four windows in the wall of the classroom.= The classroom has four windows in the wall.課堂練習(xí)：一、根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成單詞1.They went for walks together in the f_.2.I want a l_ box; this is too small.3.It is important for us to p_ the Earth for our future.4.Plants absorb(吸收) e_ from the sun.5.We shouldnt p_ our environment.二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)完成句子，每空一詞1.幫助他人是很重要的。_ _ _ help others.2.不要忘記把垃圾丟掉。Dont forget to _ _ your rubbish.3.我把雜志放入抽屜里。I _ the magazine _ the drawer.4.你們上星期日在公園玩得高興嗎？Did you _ _ _ _ in the park last Sunday?5.在我們的城市里有800萬(wàn)人。_ _ eight million _ in our city.三、寫(xiě)出下列名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)1.brush _ 2.wife_ 3.sheep _ 4.baby _ 5.box _ 6.Japanese _ 7.watch _ 8.policeman _ 9.house_ 10.deer_ 11.teeth _ 12.men_13.are_ 14.oxen_ 15.mice_ 16.ladies_綜合練習(xí)：一、選出可以替換換線(xiàn)部分的選項(xiàng)( )1.They provide the children with food and books.A. give; with B. give; / C. satisfy; with D. provide; to( )2.Today, there is a lot of pollution. A. many B. lots of C. much D. a little( )3. He reports the theft to the police.A. says B. tells C. gives information about D. speaks( )4. The stove is burning.A. on fire B. empty C. full D. in danger( )5.The pollution pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants.A. comes into living B. causes the death of C. endangers D. destroys二、選出最佳選項(xiàng)填在橫線(xiàn)上使句意完整。( )1.Benny saw three _ climbing the walls.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thieve ( )2. - Tom, what are those? - They are_.A. dears B. a dear C. deer D. deeres( )3.There _ a book and two pens on the desk.A. is B. are C. be D./( )4.The boy is thirsty, he would like _.A. A cup of tea B. a bowl of chocolateC. a box of chocolate D. a piece of bread( )5.Maths _ my favourite subject.A. is B. am C. are D. be( )6.Its important _ us to study hard.A. to B. for C. of D. with( )7.There are many plants on Earth. Some live _ the land. Some live _ the water. A. under, on B. in, under C. on. under D. under, in( )8.We must stop _ the animals! A. kill B. To kill D. killed D. killing( )9.Dont _ rubbish into the river! A. go B. throw C. pull D. push( )10. Forests are very important. They provide us _ a lot of things.A. of B. to C. with D. for三、用所給詞的正確形式填空。I:用be(am, is, are)的正確形式填空。1. There _ two boxes of toys.2. Water _ very important in our daily life.3. What _ those?4. They _ going to have lunch together.5. I _ studying now.II:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. There are also many people like you and _ (I) on Earth.2. Its _ (importance) to find out what he is doing.3. There _ (be) two books and a pencil on the table.4. The young in our society need care and _ (protect).5. I went to many interesting _ (place) last year.6. Do you have any _(plant).7. _ (leaf) turn yellow in autumn.8. I have two _ (piece) of news for you.9. I want to make _ (friend) with you.10. I want three _(glass) of juice, please.四、完形填空Please have a look at this picture of a family. Are these people_41_ ? No, they are not from China. They _42_ from America. This is an _43_ girl. Her name is Kate Brown. She is new in my class. _44_ the two boys. The one in the red football clothes is Jim, the other one in black is Peter. They are the _45_ brothers, and Jim _46_ Peter. They are _47_ school. The man with glasses on his nose is _48_ father. The woman is their mother. _49_ are new teachers in our school. They _50_ us English.( )41. A. AmericansB. ChineseC. EnglishD. Japanese( )42. A. comesB. beC. are comingD. come( )43.A. AmericaB. EnglishC. AmericanD. England( )44.A. Look afterB. WatchC. LookD. Look at( )45. A. hersB. girlsC. KatesD. Kate( )46. A. looks likeB. is looking likeC. looks the sameD. look like( )47. A. go toB. inC. atD. go to the( )48. A. theyB. theirC. theirsD. them( )49. A. They B. TheirC. ThemD. Theirs( )50. A. teacher B. teachC. teachesD. teaching 補(bǔ)充：后元音: a: u: u : 輔音： k g a: 音標(biāo)特征：后元音 低音 不圓唇 長(zhǎng)元音發(fā)音要訣：牙床大開(kāi)，口張大，雙唇張開(kāi)而不圓。舌身平放舌尖后縮，舌后微升，舌身微離下齒。注意長(zhǎng)度，不要發(fā)的太短。 音標(biāo)特征：后元音 半低音 不圓唇 短元音發(fā)音要訣：雙唇平放，牙床半開(kāi)，開(kāi)口程度和 相似，雙唇向兩旁平伸。舌后部的靠前部分稍稍抬起，舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)觸下齒，舌尖抵住下牙齦，發(fā)短促音。 u: 音標(biāo)特征：后元音 高音 圓唇 長(zhǎng)元音發(fā)音要訣：雙唇成圓形，收得較 u 更圓更小，雙唇向前突出，牙床近于半合。舌后部比 u 抬的更高，舌尖不觸下齒，發(fā)長(zhǎng)音 u:。注意長(zhǎng)度，不要發(fā)的太短，口腔肌肉要始終保持緊張狀態(tài)，自然而有力。u 音標(biāo)特征：后元音 高音 圓唇 短元音發(fā)音要訣：雙唇成圓形，稍向前突出，牙床近于半合。舌尖不觸下齒，舌后部向軟顎抬起，舌身后縮。舌尖離開(kāi)下齒自然而不用力，發(fā)短促音 u 。: 音標(biāo)特征：后元音 半低音 圓唇 長(zhǎng)元音發(fā)音要訣：雙唇向外突出成圓形，稍稍收?qǐng)A，介于開(kāi)閉，圓唇之間。舌后升起，比 R 略高，舌尖不觸下齒。牙床半開(kāi)漸至全開(kāi)，舌尖卷上后在過(guò)渡微卷后。注意：雙唇收得要更圓更小，并用力向前突出。注意長(zhǎng)度，不要發(fā)得太短。 音標(biāo)特征：后元音 低音 圓唇 短元音發(fā)音要訣：口張大，舌身盡量降低并后縮。先發(fā) a: 音，然后將舌身稍稍后縮，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A(不要突出)，即可發(fā)音。 k 音標(biāo)特征：舌后軟顎爆破清輔音發(fā)音要訣：舌后部隆起， 舌根緊貼軟顎， 形成阻礙， 然后突然張開(kāi)，氣流沖出口腔。聲帶不產(chǎn)生震動(dòng)， 屬于清輔音。在s音后面讀相應(yīng)的濁輔音g skill g 音標(biāo)特征：舌后軟顎爆破濁輔音發(fā)音要訣：舌后部隆起， 舌根緊貼軟顎， 形成阻礙，然后突然張開(kāi)，氣流沖出口腔。聲帶震動(dòng)， 屬于濁輔音。練習(xí)：一、找出劃線(xiàn)部分發(fā)音不同的選項(xiàng)、( )1.A.largeB. laughC. sofaD. vase( )2.A.fatherB. crabC. sharkD. car( )3.A.goodB.