2014高考英語二輪復習閱讀理解專題測試題 (12)請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。for decades, public health officials have puzzled over a surprising fact about hiv: only about 10-20 percent of infants who are breastfed by infected mothers catch the virus. tests show, though, that hiv is indeed present in breast milk, so these children are exposed to the virus multiple times daily for the first several months of their lives.now, a group of scientists and doctors from duke university has figured outwhy these babies dont get infected. human breast milk naturally contains a protein calledtenascin cthat neutralizes hiv and, in most cases, prevents it from being passed from mother to child. eventually, they say, the protein could potentially be valuable as an hiv-fighting tool for both infants and adults that are either hiv-positive or at risk of contracting the infection.the research, published inproceedings of the national academy of sciences, was inspired byprevious workby other researchers showing that, both in tissue cultures (組織培養) and live mice, breast milk fromhiv-negativemothers was naturallyendowed withhiv-fighting properties. scientists suggested that a few different proteins in the milk could potentially be responsible, but no one knew which one.as part of the study, the researchers divided breast milk into smaller fractions (部分) made up of specific proteins via a number of filters (過濾) separating the proteins by size, electrical charge and othercharacteristicsand tested which of these fractions, when added to a tissue culture, prevented the cells from being infected by hiv. eventually, theyfound that one particular protein was present in all the hiv-resistant fractions but in none of the others: tenascin c.tenascin c works by blocking a key protein onhivs envelopethat normally ties up to a receptor on a t cells membrane called ccr5. in doing so, tenascin c prevents hiv from mixing with the t cell and injecting its rna inside.still, the researchers say that other natural elements in milk might play a role in fighting hiv as well. “its clearly not the whole story, because we do have samples that have low amounts of this protein but still have hiv-neutralizing activity,” the studys lead author permar says.“so it may be actingin concert withother antiviral and antimicrobial factors in the milk.”whatever those other factors are, though, the finding vindicates (證明的正確) recent changes toun guidelinesthatrecommend even hiv-positive mothers in resource-poor countries should breastfeed, if theyre taking anti-retroviral drugs to combat their own infection.the next steps, permar says, are determining which area of tenascin c is active and whether it can effectively prevent transmission in a live animal. if it works, it could potentially beincorporated(合并) into an hiv drug with broader applications. its evenpossiblethat it could someday be adapted to reduce the risk of hiv transmission in adults as well as infants.63. what is the main idea of paragraph 1?a. the breast milk from an infected mother doesnt contain hiv at all.b. its less likely for infants feeding on infected mothers breast milk to catch hiv.c. the possibilities of infants catching hiv have nothing to do with infected mothers.d. children breastfed by infected mothers wont catch hiv though exposed to it frequently.64. why did the researchers divide breast milk into smaller fractions?a. to find out tenascin c.b. to make up specific proteins.c. to add them to a tissue culture.d. to test what prevents cells being infected.65. which of the following about tenascin c is true?a. it has become an effective tool in fighting hiv.b. it was first found by permar and her research group.c. it can prevent transmission in a live animal effectively.d. it can sometimes prevent mother-to-child transmission of hiv.66. what can we know about permar and her research group according to the passage?a. they have found a cure for hiv.b. they have helped changeun guidelines.c. they will do more researches on tenascin c.d. their finding is based on their previous work.【參考答案】63. b64. d65. d 66. c閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c和d項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將 該項涂黑。abraham lincoln was born into poverty 200 years ago. at any other time and place, this lowly origin would have dictated his future, but in lincolns case, his self-determination and force of will made it possible for him to secure his seat in his countrys history. he has become a role model in the self-made america.if you want to learn about somebody who didnt quit, look no further. abraham lincoln had two business ventures failed, and the second one made him bankrupt, so he had to spend the next 17 years of his life paying for the debt. he also lost 8 different elections. it seemed that he had never done things right at the first time: the first time he ran for state legislature for congress, for land officer, for senate, all of these failed, and the first time he sought the vice-presidential nomination, he got less than 100 votes nationally. but he never found it too shameful to carry on his mission. then later in 1860, on such a rough road, he made it to the white house. he lived up to his famous saying, “always bear in mind that your own determination to success is more important than any other.”he could have quit many times-but he didnt and because he didnt quit ，he became one of the greatest presidents in the history of america. one important way lincoln influences present society is that we look back on his life as a role model for future generations. lincolns high character influences us because we compare present-day politicians to the example lincoln set. a major influence lincoln has on the united states today is simply through the good example he set when it came to honesty, persistence and leadership.36.according to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is true?a.lincoln was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.b.like lincoln, a poor origin leads to a bright future.c.america is considered self-made because of lincoln.d.self-determination and will contributed to lincolns success.【答案】d【解析】細節理解題。根據but in lincolns case, his self-determination and force of will made it possible for him to secure his seat in his countrys history.可知是林肯的決心和意志導致他的成功。故選d。37.what is paragraph two mainly about?a.how lincoln made his way to the white house.b.lincoln suffered various failures.c.lincoln was a man who never quit.d.lincoln once lost two business ventures.【答案】c【解析】段落大意題。根據if you want to learn about somebody who didnt quit, look no further.可知林肯是個不放棄的人。故選c。38.which is the correct order of what happened to lincoln?a. he was paying off his debt.b. he failed in the run for land officer,c. he got less than 100 votes nationally. d. he stuck to his mission, e. he went bankrupt.a. b-c-c-d-ab. c-3.-b-c-dc. 6-c-s-b-dd. d-c-s-b-c【答案】b【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段的內容可知順序是：e. he went bankrupt.-a. he was paying off his debt.-b. he failed in the run for land officer,-c. he got less than 100 votes nationally.-d. he stuck to his mission,故選b。39. what is the function of lincolns famous saying in paragraph two?a.to tell us that determination is the most important to success.b.to attract readers1 attention.c.to show why lincoln was able to carry on in hard times.d.to summarize lincolns story.【答案】c【解析】細節理解題。根據then later in 1860, on such a rough road, he made it to the white house. he lived up to his famous saying, 可知這句話是為了表明為什么他能度過難關。故選c。40.why does the writer consider lincoln as one of the greatest presidents in america?a.because he still influences america as a role model.b.because he set a good example to the present politicians.c.because of his great personalities.d.because he went through diverse difficulties.【答案】a【解析】推理判斷題。根據lincolns high character influences us because we compare present-day politicians to the example lincoln set.可知林肯還是一個榜樣并影響了美國人，故選a。【2014高考英語南京市、鹽城市一模】請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。he leant down to the pickpocket. the heaving and gasping had stopped, but he was still making a show of his breathlessness.“thats better,” mallon said. “can you stand up? try to stand up. here,” he said, and gripped the pickpockets arm and forced him upright until he saw his face for the first time. as the pickpocket labored for breath, he gazed up at mallon with his dark eyes.“how could you?”they asked.mallon might have said, “because you tried to steal from me.” but he was still conscious of the flush of joy hed felt when his blow struck home when he knew hed hurt the man. where that joy came from he couldnt say, but he knew that its roots were deeper than some clumsy failed theft.fat drops of rain began to patter on theawning(雨篷).“how are you?” mallon said. “can you walk?” the pickpocket turned away and leant against the store window with both hands, and his head sank lower as his shoulders rose and fell. a gray-haired woman inside the store rapped on the glass and made a shooing motion. when the pickpocket ignored her, she rapped harder and kept rapping.“i have to go,” mallon said. “im sorry.” he looked up at the sky. “im sorry,” he said again, and stepped into the rain and walked quickly up the street.one of the bangladeshi umbrella sellers was working the corner, and mallon had just paid seven euros when he heard a woman shouting. he didnt want to look back but did. it was the woman from the shop, pushing and batting the pickpocket away from the window while he bent down and covered his head like a boxer trying to get through the last seconds of a round. mallon slipped his wallet back into his jacket pocket and took the umbrella that the bangladeshi had opened for him.the pickpocket was out on the sidewalk now, in the rain. the woman stood just under the awning with her arms crossed over her chest.“excuse me, madam,” mallon said, coming up to them. “this man isnt well. he needs to rest a moment.”“i know these people,” she said. “our romans dont want them here.”the rain fell in sheets, ran down the pickpockets shinyscalpand face, down his leather jacket.“here,” mallon said, and offered him the umbrella, but he only looked at mallon with his hurt dark eyes and then lowered his head again. mallon bumped him in the shoulder with the handle of the umbrella. “go on take it!” he said. and finally, with a beaten, unwilling look, the pickpocket did.and that was when he saw a taxi round the corner with a light glowing on its roof. mallon ran out waving his arm and the cab turned sharply to the pavement, sendinga lot ofwater over his shoes. he opened the door but couldnt help looking back. the pickpocket had lowered the umbrella to the ground upside down and was leaning on theshaft, head low, neck bared to the sky.“wait,” mallon said to the driver. he went back and grabbed the pickpockets sleeve and pulled him to the cab. “get in,” mallon said, and took the umbrella and pushed him into the back seat. he leaned inside. “o.k., where do you live?”“no gypsies!” the driver said. he was twisted around, glaring at the pickpocket.“gypsy? look, hes not well. ill pay,” mallon added.the driver shook his head. “no gypsies. get him out,”mallon looked at the drivers nameplate: michele kadare. “its the law,” he said, “if you dont take us, signor kadare, ill report you and youll lose your license. believe me i am quite serious.”the driver fastened those pale eyes on mallon and turned and put his hands on the steering wheel. he raised his eyes to the rearview mirror and he and mallon exchanged stares.“o.k., mr. american,” he said. “you pay.”67. what does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicate?a. mallon shouldnt have saved the pickpocket.b. the pickpocket didnt thank mallon for his offer.c. the pickpocket blamed mallon for his failure to steal.d. mallon must have beaten the pickpocket before helping him.68. where should the sentence “he hesitated, then turned back.” be placed?a. between paragraphs 5 and 6.b. between paragraphs 6 and 7.c. between paragraphs 7 and 8.d. between paragraphs 8 and 9.69. from the attitudes of the woman and the driver towards the pickpocket, we can conclude that _.a. the gypsies had a bad reputation in romeb. the pickpocket frequently stole around the womans storec. everyone was protected by the law in rome except the gypsiesd. the pickpocket couldnt purchase anything in the womans store70. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. the taxi didnt take the pickpocket to his house in the end.b. the pickpocket succeeded in stealing something from mallon.c. the pickpocket was a little suspicious of mallons intention to help him.d. the umbrella seller gave an umbrella to mallon free of charge.【參考答案】67. b68. c69. a70. c閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c和d項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將 該項涂黑。students who date (約會）in middle school have significantly worse study skills, are four times more likely to drop out of school and report twice as much alcohol and tobacco use than their single classmates, according to new research from the university of georgia.romantic relationships are a trademark of adolescence ，but very few studies have examined how adolescents differ in the development of these relationships, said pamela orpinas ，study author and professor in the college of public health and head of the department of health promotion and behavior.orpinas followed a group of 624 students over a seven-year period from 6th to 12th grade.each year, the group of students completed a survey indicating whether they had dated and reported the frequency of different behaviors, including the use of drugs and alcohol. their teachers completed questionnaires (調查表）about the students* academic efforts. he found some students never or hardly ever reported dating from middle to high school, and these students had consistently the best study skills according to their teachers. other students dated infrequently in middle school but increased the frequency of dating in high school.at all points in time, teachers rated the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills and the students with the highest dating as having the worst study skills,1 according to the journal article. study skills refer to behaviors that lead to academic success such as doing work for extra credit being well organized, finishing homework, working hard and reading assigned chapters.dating a classmate may have the same emotional complications of dating a co-worker, orpinas said, when the couple break up. they have to continue to see each other in class and perhaps witness the ex-partner dating someone else. it is reasonable to think this could be linked to depression and divert (轉移）attention from studying.”4tdating should not be considered a ceremony of growth in middle school，”orpinas concluded.41.according to the passage, students who date in middle school may_a. have poorer academic performances b. be more likely to hurl othersc.enjoy better school livesd. are less likely to use alcohol and tobacco【答案】a【解析】細節理解題。根據students who date (約會）in middle school have significantly worse study skill