新四級題型,快速閱讀,要求,要求考生在分鐘內閱讀一篇詞左右的文章并完成相應的測試題目包括兩種題型共道題： 道是非判斷題（包括“正”，“誤”和“未提及”） 道句子填空題 該部分強調的是字面意思的理解,解題步驟,.通讀文章開頭、結尾及各個小標題，從而弄清文章的結構和大意。 .正確理解題目所表述的內容，找出關鍵詞語。特別注意人物、時間、地點和數字等信息。 .將題眼內容與文章各部分小標題的內容對比，大概確定該題在文章的位置。 .閱讀相關部分內容，準確定位有關信息。,是非判斷題命題手段,.主旨題 快速閱讀的文章通常先簡要地介紹文章的總體內容、寫作目的或引出文章的主題，然后再具體介紹細節。因此，只需要閱讀文章開頭的段落及各個小標題，就可以判斷考題是否只是概括了部分內容還是過于寬泛。這種題不會有的情況出現。,主旨題的主要命題方式,The passage is mainly about The passage mainly discusses The passage tends/aims to tell the readers about The passage compares The passage mainly shows/indicates/introduces that The passage agrees that,細節題與數字有關的,數字在文章中通常以阿拉伯數字的形式書寫，容易定位，因此考題中含有的數字往往可以成為最有利的定位工具 注：如果題目中的數字在原文中并未出現，要注意文章中與其可能相關的數字，如題目中的年份為年，而文章中出現了年，并且其附近出現了英文的ten years的字樣,細節題與地點或人物有關的,地點和人物作為對某一事件的具體描述是不可缺少的部分，一些專有名詞（人名或地名），通常以大寫字母開頭，在文章中顯得比較突出，容易尋找,細節題與因果關系有關的,這類題在快速閱讀中較為常見，考題中往往含有because, reason, due to, as, since, as a result of, so that等表示因果關系的詞語注意同義詞的替換,細節題與時間順序有關的,這類題往往含有after, before, when, while, meanwhile, at the same time, prior to, then, later等表示時間關系的詞語，題目包含兩個動作或時間，可根據這兩個動作或時間進行定位并做出判斷,細節題與目的、方式、條件有關的,此類命題要求查找某個事件或動作的目的，或要求考生查找達到某個目的的方式條件，往往含有to, for, in order to, so as to, in order that, so that, for the purpose of等表示目的關系的詞眼，或引出方式條件的詞語，如with, through, by means of(通過依靠), if, though等。在解此類題時，題眼可在條件或目的中尋找。,細節題與比較關系有關的,這種考題一般有形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級等較為明顯的特征，或者一些信號詞如contrary to, contrast, unlike, like等這類題可將形容詞、副詞及其比較級、最高級以及兩個比較的對象可成為題眼。,句子填空題命題規律,考生所要做的就是根據題意進行準確的定位，然后仔細對照原文和考題找出考題中所缺的部分一定要注意答案在內容和形式上的準確性，尤其要注意形式上也即語法上的準確性,解題技巧,.首先根據題目的主題大致確定相關信息可在文章哪個小標題部分尋找，然后根據關鍵詞在上述部分進行尋找和定位。 .題目描述的內容與原文的相關內容明顯矛盾、相反或不符，則答案為；而題目提到的內容可能發生，也可能不發生，根據原文難以求證是哪種可能性，則答案為。 .考題中的生詞通常出現在原文中，可幫助定位。 .題目在原文中的出現是有一定順序的，但是非題與句子填空題之間不一定有順序。,Sun and Skin Cancer When Ellen was a teenager, she loved to be out in the summer sun. She ran, she worked in her garden. She would swim and sit by the pool for hours soaking up the sunshine. And she never got tired of hearing people tell her how great her tan(古銅色) looked. As Ellen got older, she continued to spend lots of time outdoors in the sun. By the time she was in her forties, Ellens skin had developed a weathered look, with small wrinkles.,That was okay, but she also begun to notice brown patches developing on her face and hands. Ellen saw a doctor and found out she had a relatively mild case of skin cancer. Ellen was lucky. Her cancer was detected early. With early treatment, she was completely cured. But Ellen had begunlate in lifeto pay for all those years she had spent in the sun. Ellen isnt unusual. The athletic, bronzed bodies we see in magazine ads and TV commercials constantly sell the idea that a good tan means health, attractiveness, and fun. The result is that many people believe those ads. And they spend a lot of time in the sunoften just trying to get tan.,That golden or bronze color may look nice, but skin doctors know that sitting in the sun until you are baked several shades darker is not such a hot idea. According to the National Cancer Institute, over 400,000 Americans can expect to get some form of skin cancer this year. Most of these people will be 40 or older. However, skin cancerespecially skin cancer caused by exposure to the suncan often take many years to develop. So its never too early to protect yourself in the sun.,Whats a tan? As soon as warm weather arrives, lots of people who dont already have dark skin want to start working on their tans. But a tan isnt really natures way of making you look beautiful. A tan is your skins defense against the suns ultraviolet(紫外線的) radiation. UV rays damage skin cells. So when you decide to have a marathon roasting session in the sun, cells in your skin called melanocytes(黑素細胞)go to work overtime. They produce an extra supply of melanin(黑色素),the brown-black pigment(色素)that gives your skin its color. That extra melanin makes your skin darker, and thats why you “tan”. Think of your tan as a shield of melanin your body produces to block out the UV radiation. The problem is, its a weak shield at best. Theres no way for your body to protect itself fully against the suns harmful raysespecially if you expose yourself to the sun hour after hour, day after day, year after year. As you get older, the buildup of many hours in the sun means more of a chance for skin damageand possibly skin cancer.,This skin damage takes two general forms. Some UV attacks supporting cells in the lower layer of the skin, called the dermis(真皮). That causes skin to get dry, tough and wrinkled. Even more serious is the damage the suns UV rays can do to the DNA of skin cells. DNA is the genetic blueprint that cells use to reproduce. With damaged DNA, the skin may produce mutated(變異) cells that start to grow in an uncontrolled way: skin caner. Nature gives you a clue about how much sun is enough by the color of your skin. If your skin is light, you dont have much built-in protection against the sun. You probably tan very little, if at,all. So be very careful in the sun. If you have dark skin and dark hair, you can probably stand a bit more sun exposure. Just dont be fooled into thinking you can stay out in the sun indefinitely. You cant. People with dark skin also get sunburned and can suffer skin damage. It just takes a bit longer for the damage to show up. Types of skin cancer The three most common types of skin cancer are all connected with exposure to the sun. The most common of these is basal cell carcinoma. Basal cancers often look like wax-like growths or red, scaly(有鱗的) patches. They appear most often,on the face, neck, or hands. Squamous(有鱗片的) cell cancer is the second common type. This cancer spreads more quickly. Squamous cell cancers often appear on the head, hands, or other sun-exposed parts of the body. They show up as sharply outlined red, scaly patches. The third type of skin cancer is called melanoma(黑素瘤). Melanoma is often caused by too much exposure to the sun, but it can be brought on by other things as well. Melanoma show up as brown or black mole-like(像痣的)growths on the back and,and legs. They can also appear on the palms, fingers, and toes. Melanoma is the rarest of these three kinds of skin cancer, but it is the most serious form. While the overwhelming majority of basal and suqamous cell cancer cases can be cured, many melanoma cases are fatal. Since all of these forms cancer can resemble harmless skin marks of irritations, be aware of marks of growths on your skins. And consult a doctor if you notice any changes. “In general, look for anything new in your skin,” advises skin doctor, Dr. Louis Vogel. “Pay attention to anything on your skin that grows rapidly, that bleeds or has irregular color.,Also, suspect any mole that itches(發癢)or has some areas that are darker or higher than others.” Although skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, it is also the most treatableif not early. There are several methods of treatment. They include surgical removal, treatment with heat, extreme cold and freezing, as well as chemical treatment and use of X-rays. However, as with many other diseases, the most important “cure” is prevention. “Cover as much skin as possible when you are out in the sun ,” warns Dr. Vogel. “When you are at the beach, wear sun blocks. There are many things in life you cant prevent.,But skin cancer is something you can often prevent if you take the proper precautions.” 1.Ellen only suffers a relatively mild case of skin cancer which has been cured by means of surgical removal. NG 2. Many people try to get tan because it is promoted by the media that a good tan means health, attractiveness and fun. Y,3. The National Cancer Institute predicts that Americans of 40 or older are more likely than others to get some form of skin cancer this year. Y 4. Our body will protect itself fully against the suns harmful rays by producing extra melanin. N 5. Both people with light skin and people with dark skin have certain built-in protection against the sun. Y 6. Compared with the other two kinds of skin cancer, melanoma is less dangerous and easier to cure.,N 7. Surgical removal is the most effective treatment to various kinds of skin cancer. NG 8. Ones skin can be protected against the suns ultraviolet radiation by means of _. a tan 9. Besides damaging the dermis, the suns UV rays can do even more serious harm to _. the DNA of skin cells,10. Prevention is _ for skin cancer and many other disease. the most important “cure”,四六級考試閱讀理解命題規律及應試技巧,1、列舉處常考 列舉處指的是First,，second,，Third,等逐步列出，然后要求考生從列舉出的內容中，選出符合題干要求的答案項。該考點常出題型是“細節事實題“。,2、舉例子打比喻的地