中考專題復習9 動詞（三）課時目標：1.了解各種時態的概念及用法。2.了解并掌握被動語態的構成及其用法。3.掌握主動語態和被動語態的轉換。Task1: 復習各種時態的概念及用法 1.一般現在時： 用法表示經常性或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態。eg：I often go to school by bus . 表示客觀事實或普遍真理。eg:1,The earth is round. 2,Light travels faster than sound . 當主句為一般將來時的時候，在以if,as soon as ,until,when 等引導的時間，條件狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來。eg: When I grow up , I will go to America .時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, etc. 基本結構：be動詞(現在時態)；行為動詞 【中考鏈接】(2011 北京）I will send you an e-mail as soon as I in Canada. A arrive B arrived C am arriving D will arrive 2.一般過去時：用法 表示過去某時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。 We visited a farm last Sunday . 表示過去的習慣或經常發生的動作。(過去常常做某事也可以用used to do sth 來表示） When I was in the countryside ,I used to swim in the river . 時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本結構：謂語動詞用過去式【中考鏈接】（2009 蘇州) ( )-Have you read a book called Jane Eyre ?-Who it ? A, writes B. has written C . was writing D. wrote 3.一般將來時: 用法 表示將來發生的動作或存在的狀態。Will you be back in two days?時間狀語如:注：當句中主語是I 或we 時，一般使用shall,表示征求對方的意見。 Where shall we meet tomorrow ? 表示計劃，打算做某事，或表示根據目前情況推測某事可能發生。 What are you going to do next Sunday ?時間狀語：tomorrow, next week (term ,month,.), next Saturday ,in + 一段時間。基本結構：1 . will/shall +動詞原形2. be going to + 動詞原形【中考鏈接】（2011，上海）1.We are glad to hear that the Greens to a new flat next week. A move B moved C will move D have moved 2.看那云朵，快要下雨了 。Look at the cloud ,it .4.現在進行時 用法 表示此時此刻正在進行的動作。 I am watching TV now. 表示現階段正在進行的動作或持續的狀態 The students are working on the farm these days . 學生們這些天一直在農場勞動 用現在進行時表示將來 常用這種結構的動詞有：go, come,leave,start ,begin 等，表示即將發生或安排好要做的事情。The bus is coming soon .公共汽車就快要來了。基本結構：am/is/are + v -ing(現在分詞）時間狀語及提示詞： now, at present , at the moment , at this time, these days, 具體時刻，如at 7,30 ,look, listen, cant you see , 根據上下文，如Dont make noise ,my father is sleeping .注：有些詞不能用現在進行時，如hear ,like, love ,hate ,want ,would like ,be ,know ,forget etc.【中考鏈接】(2011,蘇州）-Please turn off the TV. The baby .-OK, Ill go out for a walk . A sleeps B slept C is sleeping D was sleeping5.現在完成時 用法 表示發生在過去的或已經完成的對現在仍有影響的動作。 I have lost my key . 我把鑰匙丟了。（過去丟的，現在還沒找到） 表示動作或狀態在過去已經開始，并持續到現在，也許還要持續下去，常和for +時間段 ，since +時間點連用。表示持續的動作或狀態多用延續性動詞。基本結構：have/has + 動詞的過去分詞時間狀語：recently, lately, since for ,in the past few years, etc.相關副詞：already ,yet ,just, ever, never, before, so far 等。注：1.延續性動詞可以與一段時間連用，非延續性動詞不能和一段時間連用。如： 我離開家鄉已有十年了。誤：I have left my hometown for 10 years. 正：I have been away from my hometown for 10 years. 2.在否定句中，非延續性動詞可與一段時間連用。Eg. I havent bought anything for two months. 3.非延續性動詞與一段時間連用時要轉化為延續性動詞。4.現在完成和一般過去時區別：一般過去只表示過去的動作或狀態，和現在不發生聯系；現在完成表過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響，強調的是現在的狀況，不能和表過去的時間狀語連用。Eg.He has lived here since 1990.(他現在還住在這里)He lived here in 1990.（只描述過去他在這里住過，不涉及現在他是否還住在這里）【中考鏈接】1,(2012雅安）She this book for nearly three weeks. A has borrowed B has been to C has kept D has keeping2,翻譯： （2012，無錫）布朗先生已經離開無錫三個月多月了，他將于一周后返回。 Mr Brown for more than three months,He will come back in a week . 6.過去進行時 用法 表示過去某一時刻或一段時間正在進行的動作。 When 和while 引導的時間狀語從句中 1.while doing when doing . 2.While doing when did . 3.When did while doing . go ,come ,leave, arrive ,start 等動詞，其過去進行時表示過去按計劃即將發生的動作。基本結構：was/were + v -ing(現在分詞）時間狀語：at this time yesterday ,at that time /moment, at ten yesterday 等【中考鏈接】(2012,梧州）I met a good friend of mine while I on the street . A walks B walk C was walking D am walking.(2012肇慶）翻譯：昨天的這個時候，這個年輕人正在等他的朋友。 The young man his friend at this time yesterday .7.過去完成時 用法 過去完成時是到過去某個時間為止已經完成的動作或狀態，就是“過去的過去”。過去完成時在句中使用時一般必須有一個或暗含有一個發生在過去的動作作為參照。基本結構：had + done(動詞的過去分詞)時間狀語：by the time + 一般過去時（動作在后），過去完成時（動作在前）+before，when【中考鏈接】（2012，烏魯木齊）The meeting by the time I got there yesterday . A was on B has been on C had begun D has begun8.過去將來時 用法：表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常用在賓語從句中。基本結構：would +動詞原形 He asked when the meeting would start.【中考鏈接】(2012舟山）Linda asked me when the sports meeting . A will be held B is held C was be held D would be held9.現在完成進行時用法：1.從過去某一時間開始一直持續到現在的動作，這一動作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續，并可能持續到將來。2.也可表示經常反復性的動作基本結構：have/has been doing Eg. I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six oclock.Ive been doing morning exercises for years.注意：現在完成進行時基本可以和現在完成時通用，只是完成進行時更強調動作的延續性Task 2 : 被動語態1.被動語態的基本結構為：be +動詞的過去分詞2.各種時態的主動，被動語態結構（以動詞do為例）列表如下：時態主動語態被動語態一般現在時do/doesAm/is/are+done一般過去時didWas/were +done現在進行時am/is/are +doingAm/is/are+being done現在完成時have/has+ doneHave/has+been done一般將來時will/shall/be going to +doWill/shall/be going to+be done過去進行時was/were+doingWas/were+done過去完成時had + doneHad+been done過去將來時would/should/be(was,were)going to+doWould/should/be(was,were)going to +be done含情態動詞can/may/must+doCan/may/must+be done3,被動語態的用法被動語態中主語是動作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況：1，不知道動作的執行者是誰。The window was broken yesterday .2, 沒有必要指出動作的執行者是誰。Many tall buildings are built in our city every year.3, 需要強調或突出動作的承受者。 English is taught in our school.4, 動作的執行者不是人。 Most of the houses were destroyed in the earthquake .【中考鏈接】( )(2012河北）The Spring Festival in January or February . A celebrates B is celebrated C. celebrated D was celebrated ( )(2012,浙江）A friendly basketball match tomorrow. Anybody is welcome . A was held B will be held C is held D must be held4, 主動語態和被動語態的轉換。 主動語態變被動語態 主動語態 We plant the trees every year . 執行者 承受者 被動語態The trees are planted by us every year . 承受者 執行者 帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變被動語態 。 謂語動詞帶雙賓語時，既可以將間賓轉化成主語，也可以將直賓轉化為主語。若將間賓轉化成主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直賓轉化為主語則保留間賓，且在被保留的間賓前加介詞to 或for . I was given a book .(間賓me 改主語） A book was given to me . She was bought a bike.（間賓her改主語） A bike was bought for her。 短語動詞變為被動語態短語動詞是個不可分割的整體，在變為被動語態時，不可丟掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。We should take good care of the children .(改被動語態）The children by us . 帶復合賓語的動詞變為被動語態 賓語加上賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語，變被動語態是，只把賓語變為被動句的主語，賓補保留在原處，成為主語補足語 。I saw some boys playing football on the playground.改被動句：Some boys on the playground . 被動語態后動詞形式的選擇主動句中的感官動詞see, hear, watch ,feel, notice 等以及使役動詞let ,make ,Have 等，動詞后跟省略to的不定式，變位被動語態時，應加上不定式符號 to 。 The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day .(改被動句） The workers twelve hours a day .習題演練：( )1.(2012年福建廈門)Whats the terrible noise upstairs? I can hardly stand that.Our neighbors _ a party.A.are having B.were having C.will have( )2.(2012年甘肅白銀)What a pity! You missed the beginning of the movie.It _ for 10 minutes. Oh, a traffic jam! A.began B.started C.has been on D.has been off( )3.(2012年甘肅白銀)Attention, please! There _ a basketball game between our class and Class 5. A.has B.is going to be C.will have D.is going to have( )4.(2012年黑龍江大慶)When _ this kind of car_？Three years ago.A.did; produce B.was; producedC.is; producedD.does; produce( )5.(2012年貴州貴陽)Have you ever been to Tokyo?Yes.I _ there twice.Its a modern city.A.have gone B.have been C.had gone( )6.(2012年江蘇南通)We couldnt find you anywhere around 8：00 yesterday evening. Im sorry for it .My mother and I _ in the square. A.danced B.will dance C.were dancing D.are dancing( )7.(2012年黑龍江綏化)Wheres our math teacher? He _to Shanghai. A.has gone B.has been C.is going( )8.(2012年四川樂山)Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. A.joined B.joins C.has joined( )9.(2012年湖北黃岡)Hey, Molly.You _ on the phone just now. But you werent here and the man left a phone number.Oh? I was in the library.A.wanted B.are wanted C.were wanted D.have wanted( )10.(2012年四川自貢)I think teenagers should _ drive.They are not serious enough. A.be allowed to B.not be allowed to C.not allow to( )11.(2011年湖北武漢)John likes playing soccer very much and he _ about one hour playing it every day.A.spent B.will spend C.has spent D.spends( )12.(2011年四川德陽)It _ hard outside.You have to stay at home.A.rain B.is raining C.rained( )13.(2011年浙江杭州)The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago.A.go B.have gone C.have been D.went( )14.(2011年安徽)He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _ yet.A.didnt arrive B.doesnt arrive C.isnt arriving D.hasnt arrived( )15.(2011年浙江寧波)There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _.A.save B.saved C.are saved D.were saved( )16.(2011年甘肅蘭州)In many places in China, the old over 90 _ not only by the family but also by the government.A.is taking good care B.are taken good care of C.is taking good care of D.are taken good care( )17.Have you ever been to Nanning? Yes, _.A.I was B.I do C.I am D.I have( )18.I didnt hear you because I _ the news on the radio.A.listen to B.am listening to C.listened to D.was listening to( )19.I _ my homework. I guess I cant join you.A.dont finish B.didnt finish C.havent finished D.wont finish( )20.After a big party, the rubbish _ everywhere.Its so terrible. A.can find B.finds C.can be find D.can be found ( )21.Mr.Black is going to marry a girl he _ in Japan last year.A.meets B.metC.has met D.would meet( )22.Do you know Lucys grandma? Of course.She is a kind woman, but she has _ for about a year since she _ _ in the accident.A.been dead; was killed C.been dead; killed B.died; was killed D.died; killed( )23.So far this year, many new houses _ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.A.build B.are built C.will build D.have been built( )24.Mary isnt here at the moment. She _ later.A.comes B.came C.has come D.is coming( )25.As everyone knows, rubbish _ everywhere.A.need be thrown B.mustnt be thrown C.cant throw D.may throw( )26.Each time tourists travel to Beijing, they _ the Forbidden City.A.will be shown up B.will be shown around C.will show around D.will show up( )27.Prison Break is the best American TV play that I _ these years.A.watch B.will watch C.have watched D.was watching( )28.Jack, I havent seen your brother for a long time. He_Shanghai on business for two months.A.went to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has been to( )29.The dirty room _ as soon as possible. A.needs cleaned B.needs clean C.needs to be cleaning D.needs cleaning 直接間接引語補充練習：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” sh