2024—2025學年河南省南陽市六校聯考高二上學期12月月考英語試卷

一、閱讀理解(★★)Totipoftenvariesfromcountrytocountry.Inwesterncountries,itiscommontogivetips.ButinAsiancountries,howorhowmuchtotipishardtoknowclearly.Tomakeyournexttripalittleeasier,here’saguidetotippingacrosssomeAsiancities.BangkokIngeneral,themoreWesternizedtheplaceis,themorelikelyyouwillbeexpectedtoleaveatip.Sometop-endrestaurantswilladda10%servicechargetothebill.Ifnot,waiterswillappreciateyoutackingon(附加)the10%yourself.However,ifyou’reeatingatalower-end(低檔的)restaurantatipisnotnecessary.Ifyou’restayingatoneofBangkok’smanyfive-starhotels,.expecttotiptheporter20to50baht(泰國貨幣單位),dependingonhowmanybagsyouhave.TaxisarenowmeteredinBangkok.Localcustomistoroundthefare(車費)uptothenearestfivebaht.HongKongTippingiscustomaryinthismoney-madmetropolis(大都市).Mostrestaurantsadda10%servicechargetothebill,buttheextramoneyoftenendsupinthepocketoftheowner.Iftheserviceisgood,addanother10%tothebill,uptoHK$100inanespeciallynicerestaurant.ForHK$10hotelportersshoulddoitatallbutthenicesthotelswhereanewHK$20billmaybemoreacceptable.Wheninataxi,rounduptothenearestdollar.KualaLumpurTippinginMalaysiaislimitedtotheexpensiveWesternizedhotels,whichoftenadda10%servicechargetoyourmealorhotelroom.Ifyouareatahotelrestaurant,expecta10%servicecharge.Butatlocalrestaurants,there’snoneedtoaddatip.Atfive-starhotels,,oneortworinggit(馬來西亞貨幣單位)willcontentaporter.Atlower-endbuildings,youdon’thavetotip.LikeBangkok,manytaxisarenowmeteredsoyoucanjustrounduptothenearestringgit.SeoulTippingisnotpartofKoreanculture,althoughithasbecomeamatterofcourseininternationalhotelswherea10%servicechargeisoftenadded.Ifyou’reataKoreanbarbecuejoint(燒烤處),there’snoneedtoadd:anythingextra.ButaniceItalianrestaurantmayrequirea10%contribution.Ifyou’reatatop-endhotel,soexpecttopay500～1000wonperbag.Taxidriversdon’tacceptatip.Keepthechangeforyourself.1.InBangkokcity,ifyourtaxifareis12.8baht,you’dbetterpay________.

A．10bahtB．12bahtC．15bahtD．13baht2.Intermsoftipping,whatdothefourcitieshaveincommon?

A．Thelower-levelrestaurantsare,thelowertipsyougive.B．Thehigher-levelhotelsare,themoretipsyoushouldn’tgive.C．10%tipsareuniversalandenoughinthefourcities.D．Innativerestaurants,allofthemarenotnecessarytotip.3.Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthattippingmayarisefrom________.

A．SeoulB．BangkokC．HongKongD．westerncountries(★★★)AsfarasIcanremember,mybodyandIhavesharedarelationshipofdiscontent.Growingup,IwasskinnierthantheotherkidsandatfiveIwastoldIwasn’tattractiveandthatImustputonsomeweight.ButnomatterhowmuchIate,Istayedthinforyearsuntiladolescence.ThenIstartedputtingonweightalmostimmediately.IrememberfeelinghappyasIbegantofillout.However,myjoydidn’tlastlong.IwasthirteenwhenIwasfirstcalledfat.Friendsandneighborswouldmakejokesonmybigsize.AsIenteredmylateteens,Ihadcompletelylostconfidenceinmybodyand,subsequently,inmyself.Havingfailedtoliveuptoconventionalbeautystandards,IwasconvincedthatifIwantedtobeloved,Ineededtooffermore,doinganythingtopleaseeveryonearound.IenteredadulthoodthinkingIwasn’t“enough”—anideathatwasseedednotonlybythefactthat“skinny”iscelebrated,butalsobythelanguageassociatedwithaccountsoflosingweight—self-improvement,discipline—allvirtues.Beingfatquicklycategorizesyouaslazyandundisciplined.Consumedbythoughtsofthewaymybodylooked,Ididn’tnoticetheotherwaysmybodyneededattention.Ifailedtorealize,forexample,thatmyperiodwasmuchheavierandmorepainfulthaneverbefore.ActuallyIdevelopedararediseaseandlaterIhadtwosurgeries.Iwasalwaysmadetofeelthatmyweightwastherootofalotofproblemsinmylife;Ihavelearnedthisisnottrue.Afteralotofself-reflectionandsomeprofessionalhelp,IrealizedIneverlearnedtolikemyself.Whiletwodecadesofself-hatredcannotbeundoneovernight,Ihavetakenfirststepstoacceptance.Iamnowmuchlighterthanbefore,inbodyandmind.TherearedaysIfindvoicesonsocialmediasayingIamtoofattobelovedortobeworthy,butIamlearningnottofocusonthatthoughtforlong.AslongasIlikemyself,justthewayIam,opinionsattheendofthedayarejustwateroffaduck’sback.4.Whatconclusioncanwedrawastotheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A．Shecouldchangeherweightatwill.B．Shewasgreatlyinfluencedbyothers’opinions.C．Shehaddifferentbeautystandardsfromothers.D．Shetriedtoloveotherstobuildherconfidence.5.Fromthemainstream’sviewpointofthebodyshape,whatshouldn’tbevalued?

A．Beingskinny.B．Beingmoderate.C．Beingstrong.D．Beingoverweight.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasemean?

A．Awetduck.B．Somethingimportant.C．Nothingworthfocusingon.D．Adrownedcat.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A．Beautyisall.B．Leaveyourweightasitis.C．Mindyourweight.D．Changeyourself.(★★★)TheTianzhou8roboticcargoshipwaslaunchedonFridaynightinHainanprovince,becomingthelastspacecrafttovisitChina’sTiangongspacestationthisyear.Withthecargovesselontopofit,aLongMarch7carrierrocketliftedoffat11:13pmlocaltimefromalaunchservicetowerattheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenter,accordingtotheChinaMannedSpaceAgency.Afterashortflight,therocketplacedtheTianzhou8intoitspresetlow-Earthorbitandthesolarwingsonthecargoshipunfolded,markingthesuccessfulcompletionofthelaunchmission,theagencysaid.Thespacecraftisscheduledtoapproachandthendockwiththespacestation’sTianhecoremodulewithinthreehoursafteritslaunch.Asthe15thspaceshiptovisitTiangong,Tianzhou8istaskedwithresupplyingpropellants(n.[航]推進劑)totheChinesespacestationanddeliveringlivingandworknecessitiesfortheShenzhouXIXastronauts,whohavebeeninorbitfortwoweeks.Thematerialsinsidethecargovesselaresufficienttosupportathree-membercrewforninemonths,accordingtoitsdesignersattheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology.Tianzhou8’spredecessor,Tianzhou7,wasunlockedfromtheTiangongspacestationonSundayandstartedaperiodofsoloflight.ItisprogrammedtofallbacktoEarthsoon,andmostofthespaceshipwillburnupduringreentry,althoughasmallamountofdebrisisexpectedtofallintosecureareasintheSouthPacificOcean,accordingtothedirectorMrMafromthespaceagency.OrbitingEarthatadistanceofaround400kilometers,Tiangonghasthreepermanentparts—acoremodule(n.[航天器的]艙)andtwosciencecapsules—andisregularlyconnectedtoseveralvisitingcrewandcargospaceships.8.Whatisthesignthatshowsthesuccessofthislaunchmission?

A．ThattheLongMarch7carrierrocketliftedoffat11:13pm.B．ThatTianzhou7wasunlockedfromtheTiangongspacestationonSunday.C．ThatTianzhou7enteredalow-Earthorbitandthesolarwingsunfolded.D．ThatTianzhou8functionedwellinplannedorbit.9.WhatistheattitudeofthedirectorMrMatowardsthereentryoftheTianzhou7?

A．Pessimistic.B．Optimistic.C．Neutral.D．Ambiguous.10.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

A．thebestlaunchtimeforTianzhou7isatnightB．Tianzhou8enteringitspresetlow-EarthorbitisthelastpartofitsmissionC．allthedebrisofthespaceshipwillbeburntduringreentryD．thesuppliesinTianzhou8areenoughtosupportasinglemembercrewforovertwoyears11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．ChinalaunchesTianzhou8cargocrafttosendsupplies.B．Tianzhou8issafetolaunch.C．HowtheTianzhou8cargocraftworks.D．TheTianzhou8cargocraftwaslastlaunched.(★★★★)Presently,peopleareincreasinglyinteractingwithothersinsocialmediaenvironmentswherealgorithms(算法)controltheflowofsocialinformationtheysee.People’sinteractionswithonlinealgorithmsmayaffecthowtheylearnfromothers,withnegativeconsequencesincludingsocialmisperceptions,conflictandthespreadofmisinformation.Onsocialmediaplatforms,algorithmsaremainlydesignedtoamplify(放大)informationthatsustainsengagement,meaningtheykeeppeopleclickingoncontentandcomingbacktotheplatforms.Thereisevidencesuggestingthatasideeffectofthisdesignisthatalgorithmsamplifyinformationpeoplearestronglybiased(偏向的)tolearnfrom.Wecallthisinformation“PRIME”,forprestigious,in-group,moralandemotionalinformation.Inourevolutionarypast,biasestolearnfromPRIMEinformationwereveryadvantageous:Learningfromprestigious(有聲望的)individualsisefficientbecausethesepeoplearesuccessfulandtheirbehaviorcanbecopied.Payingattentiontopeoplewhoviolatemoralnormsisimportantbecausepunishingthemhelpsthecommunitymaintaincooperation.ButwhathappenswhenPRIMEinformationbecomesamplifiedbyalgorithmsandsomepeopleexploit(利用)algorithmamplificationtopromotethemselves?Prestigebecomesapoorsignalofsuccessbecausepeoplecanfakeprestigeonsocialmedia.Newsbecomefilledwithnegativeandmoralinformationsothatthereisconflictratherthancooperation.Theinteractionofhumanpsychologyandalgorithmamplificationleadstomalfunctionbecausesociallearningsupportscooperationandproblem-solving,butsocialmediaalgorithmsaredesignedtoincreaseengagement.Wecallitfunctionalmismatch.Oneofthekeyoutcomesoffunctionalmismatchisthatpeoplestarttoformincorrectperceptionsoftheirsocialworld,whichoftenoccursinthefieldofpolitics.Recentresearchsuggeststhatwhenalgorithmsselectivelyamplifymoreextremepoliticalviews,peoplebegintothinkthattheirpoliticalin-groupandout-grouparemoresharplydividedthantheyreallyare.Such“falsepolarization”mightbeanimportantsourceofgreaterpoliticalconflict.Sowhat’snext?Akeyquestioniswhatcanbedonetomakealgorithmsfacilitateaccuratehumansociallearningratherthanexploitsociallearningbiases.SomeresearchteamisworkingonnewalgorithmdesignsthatincreaseengagementwhilealsopunishingPRIMEinformation.Thismaymaintainuseractivitythatsocialmediaplatformsseek,butalsomakepeople’ssocialperceptionsmoreaccurate.12.Whatistheultimateintentionofsocialmediaalgorithms?

A．Raisingthemediaplatformclickingrate.B．GeneratingPRIMEinformation.C．Avoidingsideeffectsofsocialmedia.D．Improvingsocialenvironment.13.Whichoneisnotafeatureofthefunctionalmismatch?

A．Ittendstoincreaseengagement.B．Itisakindofsociallearning.C．Peoplestarttoformmisperceptions.D．Italwayshappensinthefieldofpolitics.14.Inaccordancewiththeauthor,algorithmswillbeimprovedinorderto________.

A．identifybiasesandpunishPRIMEinformationB．strengthensociallearninganddeletebiasesC．boostengagementandregulateamplificationD．monitormediaplatformsandguaranteeusers’privacy15.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A．SocialmediaalgorithmstwisthumansociallearningB．AlgorithmscontroltheflowofsocialinformationC．PRIMEinformationmeetswithmisperceptionsD．Onlinealgorithmdesignsfaceunexpectedchallenges(★★★)ItisFriendshipthatneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.16.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit.·Moreisn’talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.17.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)18Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·Rememberimportantdates.Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.19.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone20,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.

A．TimeisveryvaluableB．CompensatebywritinglettersC．Herearefivewaystosustainlong-distancefriendshipsD．Simplykeepingadiaryoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswilldoE．FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF．ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG．Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind二、完形填空(★★★)In2016,LiuTang,astudentattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArts,sawcoralsatanaquariumforthefirsttime.Littledidheknowthechance________withthecreaturewouldsparkalifelong________.Hebeganto________thelocalmarkettolearnaboutcoralfarmingfrommerchantssellingplants,fishandcorals.Healsosearchedforinformationonrelevantforumsonline,andbeforelong,started________acoralinasmallfishtankathome.“Thecoralorganismisquite________andhasextremelyhigh________forwaterquality,”recallsLiu.“Inthebeginning,itsstatewasnotgood.”Ashebecamebetter________ofthecreature,helearnedthatcoralreefsareknownas“tropicalrainforests”and“underwatergardens”oftheocean,providing________foraquarterofallmarinelife.________,risingseatemperatureshaveledtocoral________.Liufeltanincreasingsenseof________anddutytoprotectthem.Fast-forwardtotoday,he________acoralconservationistinaSanya-basedtropicalbiologicalresearchcenter.Eachday,hespendsseveralhoursdivingdeepunderthewavestoobserveand________thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreatures.Hisstoryhasbeen________intherecentlypremieredonlineprogramBurningYouththataimstousedocumentaryshortsandin-depthstudiointerviewsto________theinspiringstoriesofyoungChinesepeoplefromvariouswalksoflife.21.A．encounterB．witnessC．incidentD．appointment22.A．friendshipB．visionC．passionD．career23.A．studyB．discoverC．examineD．frequent24.A．growingB．preservingC．selectingD．treating25.A．toughB．vulnerableC．smoothD．impressive26.A．benefitsB．requirementsC．expensesD．responses27.A．remindedB．forcedC．warnedD．informed28.A．harborsB．partnersC．opportunitiesD．services29.A．SomehowB．UnfortunatelyC．ThereforeD．Unexpectedly30.A．extinctionB．variationC．expansionD．decline31.A．frequencyB．emergencyC．urgencyD．privacy32.A．consultswithB．appliesforC．servesasD．actson33.A．keeptrackofB．leavealoneC．showoffD．speedup34.A．revisedB．featuredC．announcedD．contributed35.A．assessB．followC．relateD．invent三、語法填空(★★★)閱讀短文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacescience36QianXuesen.BorninHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity37(study)RailwayMechanicalEngineering.QianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935.Inthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology.After38(overcome)somedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS,QianreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceived39heroicwelcomefromhishomeland.Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewas40(developed).When41(ask)“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”,herepliedwithdetermination“Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake.”UnderQian’sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,China42(success)launcheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocketandQianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace.”However,43mighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehim44(inspire)inhisscientificresearch.On31October2009,thewholecountry45(sadden)byQian’sdeath,andpeoplehonoredandrememberedhimindifferentways.四、書信寫作(★★★)46.假如你是李華，為了豐富校園生活，上周學校新開設了勞動體驗課（LaborExperience）。請給你的留學生朋友George寫一封郵件邀請他同去體驗。（hands-on實習）內容包括：1.介紹課程內容；2.表達邀請。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。DearGeorge,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、書面表達(★★★★)47.閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Upongivingatalkatahighschool,Iwasaskedtopayavisittoaspecialstudent.Anillnesshadkepttheboyhome,but