湖南省師范大學附屬中學2021屆高考英語模擬試題（二）（含解析）本試題卷分為聽力、閱讀、語言運用和寫作四個部分，共10頁。時量120分鐘滿分150分。第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節（共5小題;每小題分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是Co1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandemployee.BSalesmanandcustomer.C.Doctorandpatient.2.Wherearethetwospeakersprobably?A.Inarestaurant.B.Intheman'shouse.C.Inthewoman'shouse.3.Whatwilltheweatherprobablybeliketomorrow?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.4.Whenisaroomsurelyavailable?A.OnFebruary21and23.B.OnFebruary21and22.C.OnFebruary22and23.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themanshouldeatalotofsalad.B.Themanusedtoeatlotsofmeat.C.Themanlooksquitedifferentfrombefore.第二節（共15小題,每小題分.滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whowillthewomantalkto?A.Theman'sacquaintances.B.Herfriends.C.Someprofessors.7.Whydoesthemanhavetofillouttheform?A.Totakeresponsibility.B.Toshowhisfamilybackground.C.Torecordhishistoryofadoption.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdayisittoday?A.Sunday.B.Saturday.C.Friday.9.Whenshouldthewomanarriveattheairport?A.At6：00.B.At7：30.C.At6：50.10.Whydoesthewomansuggestsettingthealarmclockearlier?A.Toleavetimeforbreakfast.B.Toleavetimeforcheckingin.C.Toavoidthetrafficjam.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheman'sprojectabout?A.Theanimals.B.Thedesert.C.Therainforest.12.Whatmakesthewomanfeelunfortable?A.Thepictureofspiders.B.Thepictureofsnakes.C.Thepictureofsloths.13.Whatsurprisesthewomanaboutthesnake?A.Thecolor.B.Thesize.C.Thelifespan.聽第9段材料,回答第14至16題。14.Howoftendopeopleblinkwhilestaringattheputerscreen?A.7timesperminute.B.22timesperminute.C.27timesperminute.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?A.Usesomeeyedrops.B.Takeabreak.C.Avoidusingputers.16.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Keeponreading.B.Havesometea.C.Gotoadrugstore.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Atown.B.Ahospital.C.Anorganization.18.Howdidthespeakerfeelabouttheprojectthisyear?A.Itwasinteresting.B.Itwassuccessful.C.Itwasdifficult.19.WhatisrequiredtobeeavolunteerforMSF?A.Theabilitytohandlepressure.B.Theabilitytoorganizeateam.C.Theabilitytocopewithdemandingleaders.20.Whatkindofvolunteersareinurgentneed?A.Foodexperts.B.Buildingengineers.C.Doctors.第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ANewOwlWeleDaySunday,August22,2021NewOwlWeleDayincludesthreeprograms:FamilyandFriendsWele,LettingGo,andWeleCeremony.WhenyouregisterforNewOwlWeleDayinmidJuly.youandyourlovedonesmaychoosetoattendone,two,orallthreeofthoseprograms.Pleaseseethedetailsforeachprogrambelow.1.OnNewOwlWeleDay.OtisCollegewelesallnewlyadmittedstudentsandtheirfamilyandfriendstotheOwlmunity.ParentsandfamilieswillhavethechancetolearnaboutcampusresourcesandaskOtisCollegestaffquestionsduringourFamilyandFriendsWele.ScheduleAtAGlance:2:00pmWele2:10pmVirtualOrientationIntroduction2:20pmCampusResourcePanel2:40pmClosingQ&A2.ParentsandfamilieswillthenhavethechancetojointheVirtualLettingGoWorkshopat3:30pm,presentedbytheOtisCollegeDirectorofCounselingServices,JamesBirks.ThissessionprovideshelpfultoolsonhowtobestsupportyourOtisCollegestudentsthroughtheiracademicjourney.3:30pm—4:00pmLettingGoWorkshopToconfirmyourattendanceatVirtualNewOwlWeleDay,pleaseclickHERE.3.Lastly,allnewstudentswillbecelebratedduringourVirtualWeleCeremonyintheevening.Duringthisceremony,manymembersofourfacultyandstaffwillformallyweleallnewstudents.Weencourageallstudentstoattend.6:00pm—7:00pmVirtualWeleCeremonyToconfirmyourattendanceattheVirtualWeleCeremony,pleaseregisterHERE.1.WhenisthebesttimetoaskOtisCollegestaffquestionsabouttheschool?A.2:00pm,July15. B.6:00pm,July15.C.2:40pm.August22. D.3:30pm.August22.2.WhoareweletoattendtheLettingGoWorkshop?A.AllOtisstudents. B.OtisCollegestaff.C.JamesBirksandhisfriends. D.NewOtisstudents'familymembers.3.Wherecanyoumostprobablyfindthistext?A.Atauniversitycampus. B.Onacollegewebsite.C.Inacollegetextbook. D.Inauniversitynewspaper.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了三個迎新活動的情況，包括時間安排和活動內容等信息。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據“Sunday,August22,2021(8月22日，星期天)”以及ScheduleAtAGlance部分中“2:40pmClosingQ&A(下午2：40接近尾聲和問答環節)”可知，如果想向奧蒂斯學院的工作人員了解有關學校的事宜，可在8月22日迎新日的下午2:40提問。故選C。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二個活動中“ParentsandfamilieswillthenhavethechancetojointheVirtualLettingGoWorkshopat3:30pm,presentedbytheOtisCollegeDirectorofCounselingServices,JamesBirks.(家長和家庭成員將有機會在下午3：30參加由奧蒂斯學院咨詢服務主任JamesBirks主持的虛擬LettingGoWorkshop)”可知，歡迎NewOtis學生的家庭成員參加“LettingGoWorkshop”。故選D。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二個活動中“ToconfirmyourattendanceatVirtualNewOwlWeleDay,pleaseclickHERE.(要確認您出席VirtualNewOwlWeleDay，請點擊這里)以及第三個活動中“ToconfirmyourattendanceattheVirtualWeleCeremony,pleaseregisterHERE.”(請在此登記，以確認您是否出席VirtualWeleCeremony)”可推知，本文最可能來自某大學網站。故選B。BMyfirstnewsroomwasinagrandbuildingwithtallarchedwindowsthatdominatedastreetcornerinthesmallMidwesterncitywhereIworked.Inside,therewasahighceiling.Didthisusetobeabank?Manyvisitorswouldask.Butithad.infact,alwaysbeenanewsroom.IwasyoungandshywhenIfirstwenttoworkthere,anditprobablytookmeamonthbeforeItalkedtoanyoftheotherreporters.Buteventually,theybecamemybestfriends,thecoreofmysociallife.MysecondnewsroomwastheairytopfloorofahistoricbuildinginthestatecapitalofMaryland.Itwassmallerandlessgrandbutfarmoreenergizing.Mycolleagueswereolder.Ilearnedsomuchabouthowtobeareporterfromoverhearingtheirphoneinterviews.Thispastsummer,severalAmericannewspapersannouncedtheywouldbeclosingtheirnewsrooms.Manylocalnewspapershavegoneoutofbusinessinrecentyears,victimsofdecliningcirculationandshrinkingadvertisingdollars.Thenalongcamethecoronaviruspandemic,andsomanyofusweresenthometoworkfromthere.Thepleasantsurpriseisthatwehaveallsucceededbrilliantlyinworkingremotely.Butsomemanagershavelookedatthissuccessandthought:"Whywouldweneedtoreturntothenewsroom?"Iworrythattheyaremakingabigmistake.Aphysicalnewsroomsendsapowerfulmessagetoamunity：Wearehereforyou.Atmyfirstjob.strangerscouldwalkrightthroughthedoorandstraightuptomydesk.Wetreasuredthatvisibility.ButIalsothinkaboutthecollaboration—ofthetimesIwouldoverhearcolleaguestalkingaboutastoryandrealizethatIhadsomeusefulinformationforthem.Sometimes,acolleaguewouldseemeinthehallandgivemeastoryidea.Ican'twaittogetbacktomynewsroom.4.Howwastheauthor'sfirstnewsroomdifferentfromthesecondone?A.Itwaslocatedinacity.B.Itusedtoserveasabank.C.Itusedtobevisitorfriendly.D.Itwasinamagnificentbuilding.5.Howdidtheauthorbenefitfromhersecondnewsroom?A.Shegotridofhershyness.B.Shegotintoanactivestateofmind.C.Shecouldoverhearothers'argument.D.Shegainedexperiencefromhercolleagues.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thissuccess"inParagraph4referto?A.Journalistsworkedefficientlyathome.B.Newspapercirculationwasincreasing.C.Newspaperadvertisingwasprofitable.D.Journalismsurvivedthecoronaviruspandemic.7.Whyistheauthoragainstclosingnewsrooms?A.Newsroomsserveasaclosetie.B.Shewillbeoutofworkasaresult.C.Newspaperswilldisappearduetoit.D.Itisagainstthewillofmunities.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者在兩個新聞編輯工作室作為一名新聞工作者的經歷。在經受了新冠病毒后，編輯部也開始不景氣，但她認為新聞編輯部不應該被關閉。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第一段第一句內容“MyfirstnewsroomwasinagrandbuildingwithtallarchedwindowsthatdominatedastreetcornerinthesmallMidwesterncitywhereIworked.(我的第一個新聞編輯室是在一座有著高高的拱形窗戶的宏偉建筑里，它占據了我工作的那個中西部小城的一個街角。)”以及文章第三段前兩句內容“MysecondnewsroomwastheairytopfloorofahistoricbuildinginthestatecapitalofMaryland.Itwassmallerandlessgrandbutfarmoreenergizing.(我的第二個新聞編輯室在馬里蘭州首府一座歷史建筑的頂層。它更小，更小，但更有活力。)”可知，作者工作過的第一個新聞編輯部在一座宏偉的大樓內，第二個則要小一些。故選D項。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第三段第三句內容“Mycolleagueswereolder.Ilearnedsomuchabouthowtobeareporterfromoverhearingtheirphoneinterviews.(我的同事年紀更大。通過偷聽他們的采訪，我學到了很多關于如何成為一名記者的知識。)”可知，作者在第二個新聞編輯部里從同事身上學到了不少工作經驗。故選D項。【6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據劃線部分前的“Thepleasantsurpriseisthatwehaveallsucceededbrilliantlyinworkingremotely.（令人驚喜的是，我們都成功地完成了遠程工作。）”可知，新冠疫情期間，大家在家工作，但是效果非常好。也正因如此，有人就認為沒必要再回新聞編輯部工作了，由此可知畫線詞指代的是“新聞編輯在家里工作效率很高”，故選A項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段內容“ButIalsothinkaboutthecollaboration—ofthetimesIwouldoverhearcolleaguestalkingaboutastoryandrealizethatIhadsomeusefulinformationforthem.Sometimes,acolleaguewouldseemeinthehallandgivemeastoryidea.Ican'twaittogetbacktomynewsroom.（但我也想到了合作，有一次我無意中聽到同事們談論一個故事，然后意識到我有一些有用的信息可以提供給他們。有時，一個同事會在大廳里看到我，給我一個故事構思。我都等不及要回我的編輯室了。）”可知，作者在最后兩段闡述了新聞編輯部存在的必要性，實體的新聞編輯部是聯系社區與新聞工作者以及新聞工作者之間的紐帶。正因為這樣，作者認為關閉新聞編輯部是錯誤的想法。故選A項。CExtracting(提取)CO2fromtheairisoneofthebestwaystoaddressclimatechangewithoutpreventingbillionsofpeoplefromgettingtheenergytheyneed.Butthetrickiswhattodowithitafterwards.monapproachesincludeinjecting(注射)itdeepundergroundtogetridofit.Butifyoucoulduseittomakeusefulstuff,thenitwoulddodoubledutyandmaketheproductszerocarbonsincetheywouldn'tputextracarbonintotheatmosphere.Foryears,focushasbeenonmakingzerocarbonpetrolorjetfuelfromtheextractedcarbonusingnonfossilfuelstogeneratetheenergyneeded.Today,XPRIZErevealedthetwowinnersinthisyear's20milliondollarprizeforapetitiondevelopedtocreatebreakthroughcarbontechnologiesthatturnemissions(排放物；排放)intoproductswithahighnetvalue.ThewinnerswereCarbonCureofCanadaandCarbonBuiltofCalifornia.Interestingly,theybothdemonstratedtechnologiesfocusedondecarbonizing(脫碳)theconcreteindustry.CarbonBuiltdevelopedatechnologythatreducesthecarbonfootprintofconcretebymorethan50%whilereducingrawmaterialcosts.Duringthecuringprocess,CO2isdirectlyinjectedintotheconcretemixturewhereitischemicallytransformedandpermanentlystored.CarbonCure'stechnologyenablestheproductionofconcretewithareducedwaterandcarbonfootprintwhileincreasingthematerial'sreliability.TheCO2istransformedintoapermanentlyembeddedmineralwhichcanthenbebinedwithnewconcretemixes.Thetechnologyisabletoreducethematerialcostsandincreaseprofitabilityforproducers.Concreteisamajorcontributortoglobalwarmingasproducingitreleasesahugeamountofcarbondioxide.Yetit'sthemostwidelyusedartificialmaterial,secondonlytowater.Renewableenergysourcesusemuchconcreteperunitenergyproduced.Iftheyaretoincreaseenoughtomakeadifferenceintimetohelptheplanet,gettingcontroloftheCO2inconcreteproductionisessential.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“doubleduty”inParagraph2referto?A.ExtractingCO2andmakingusefulproducts.B.CuttingCO2emissionandsavingenergy.C.RemovingCO2andcreatingvalue.D.Storingcarbonandreducingwaste.9.WhichisNOTasharedbenefitofthetwowinners'technologies?A.TheypermanentlystoretheCO2.B.Theymakeconcretemorereliable.C.Theyreducethecarbonfootprintofconcrete.D.Theylowerthecostofconcrete.10.Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?A.Tomanageconcreteemissions.B.Toinvestincleanenergysources.C.Tocuttheuseofconcrete.D.Tofindanalternativetoconcrete.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Apetitiononglobalcrisis.B.Innovativewaysofdecarbonization.C.Arevolutionintheconcreteindustry.D.ThepossibilityofturningCO2intotreasure.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文。從空氣中提取二氧化碳是應對氣候變化的最好方法之一。加拿大的CarbonCure公司和加州的CarbonBuilt公司都通過在水泥產業中運用新穎的脫碳方法，消除并有效利用二氧化碳，生產出更環保、更節約成本、且性能與傳統材料相當甚至更好的混凝土。【8題詳解】指代猜測題。根據第二段關鍵句“monapproachesincludeinjectingitdeepundergroundtogetridofit.Butifyoucoulduseittomakeusefulstuff,thenitwoulddodoubledutyandmaketheproductszerocarbonsincetheywouldn'tputextracarbonintotheatmosphere.”（常見的方法包括將其注入地下深處以擺脫它。但是如果你可以用它來制造有用的東西，那么它就會起到雙重作用，使產品零碳，因為它們不會向大氣中排放額外的碳。）可知，此處的“doubleduty”指代“getridofit”及“makeusefulstuff”，即，去除二氧化碳并創造價值。故選C項。【9題詳解】細節理解題。對比第四、五段并根據文章第五段關鍵句“CarbonCure'stechnologyenablestheproductionofconcretewithareducedwaterandcarbonfootprintwhileincreasingthematerial'sreliability.”（CarbonCure的技術使混凝土的生產能夠減少水和碳足跡，同時提高材料的可靠性。）可知，使混凝土更可靠是CarbonCure所采用的技術帶來的益處。故選B項。【10題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章最后一段關鍵句“Concreteisamajorcontributortoglobalwarmingasproducingitreleasesahugeamountofcarbondioxide.”（混凝土是全球變暖的主要原因，因為它會釋放大量的二氧化碳。）及最后一句“Iftheyaretoincreaseenoughtomakeadifferenceintimetohelptheplanet,gettingcontroloftheCO2inconcreteproductionisessential.”（如果它們要增加到足以在時間上幫助地球，控制混凝土生產中的二氧化碳是至關重要的。）可知，最后一段強調了管理混凝土的排放。故選A項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第三段關鍵句“Today,XPRIZErevealedthetwowinnersinthisyear's20milliondollarprizeforapetitiondevelopedtocreatebreakthroughcarbontechnologiesthatturnemissionsintoproductswithahighnetvalue.ThewinnerswereCarbonCureofCanadaandCarbonBuiltofCalifornia.”（今天，XPRIZE公布了今年2000萬美元獎金的兩名獲獎者，該競賽旨在創造突破性的碳技術，將排放轉化為具有高凈值的產品。獲獎者是加拿大的CarbonCure公司和加州的CarbonBuilt公司。）及全文內容可知，本文介紹了XPRIZE基金會向來自北美的兩個團隊發放了現金獎勵，這兩個團隊都通過在水泥產業中運用新穎的脫碳方法，消除并有效利用二氧化碳，生產出更環保、更節約成本、且性能與傳統材料相當甚至更好的混凝土。故選B項。DAchemicalsignalfromtheliver,causedbyexercise,helpselderlymicekeeptheirbrainssharp,suggestsarecentstudy.Understandingthisliver—to—brainsignalmayhelpscientistsdevelopadrugthatbenefitsthebrainthewayexercisedoes.Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatexercisehelpsthebrain,decreasingthememorydeclinesthatewitholdage.Scientistshavelonglookedforwaystogetelderlypeopleunabletoworkouttohavethesamebenefits.SaulVilleda,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia.andhiscolleaguesfocusedonthefitnesseffectsofbloodfromyoungmice.Theyinjectedinactiveelderlymicewithplasma（血漿）fromelderlymicethathadregularlyexercised.Aftereightinjectionsover24days,theformerperformedbetteronmemorytasksthanelderlymicethatreceivednoinjections.Examiningtheplasmaofexercisedmiceshowedanabundanceofproteins（蛋白質）producedbytheliver.Theresearcherscloselystudiedoneoftheseliverproteins,calledGPLD1.GPLD1isanenzyme（.酶）—Itletsotherproteinsofftheoutsidesofcells,releasingthoseproteinstogodootherjobs."Gettingthelivertoproducethisoneenzymecanactuallygainallthebeneficialeffectsweseeinthebrainwithexercise,”Villedasays.ButtheroleofGPLD1isfarfromsettled,saysIrinaConboy,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.There'sevidencethatGPLD1levelsarehigherinpeoplewithdiabetes（糖尿病）,shepointsout,indicatingthattheproteinmayhavenegativeeffects.“AnddifferentexperimentssuggestthatGPLD1levelsmightactuallyfallinresponsetocertainkindsofexerciseinratswithdiabetes.”shenotes."Weknowforsurethatexerciseisgoodforyou,andthatthisproteinispresentintheblood.Butwhetherit'sgoodorbad,nooneknowsforsure.”12.Whatistheroleofexerciseinachievingtheliver—to—brainsignal?A.Itpromotesbloodcirculation.B.Itmaintainsthehealthofliver.C.Itspeedsuptherelayofsignal.D.Itincreasesthelevelofanenzyme.13.AccordingtothetextthefunctionofGPLD1resemblesthatof_______.A.glue B.scissorsC.amarker D.acontainer14.WhatisprobablyIrinaConboy'sattitudetowardstheapplicationofGPLD1fortheold?A.Favorable. B.Critical.C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThebrainbenefitsofexercisefortheelderlyB.ThelinkbetweenGPLD1levelandexerciseC.The“exercisepill”:potentialpowerofaproteinD.Theliver—to—brainsignal:amysterytobesolved【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了最近的一項研究表明，運動引起的來自肝臟的化學信號可以幫助年老的老鼠保持大腦敏銳。了解這種從肝臟到大腦的信號可能會幫助科學家開發一種像鍛煉一樣有益于大腦的藥物GPLD1。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“itletsotherproteinsofftheoutsidesofcells,releasingthoseproteinstogodootherjobs."Gettingthelivertoproducethisoneenzymecanactuallygainallthebeneficialeffectsweseeinthebrainwithexercise,”Villedasays.”(它使其他蛋白質脫離細胞外，釋放這些蛋白質以從事其他工作。維萊達說：“通過運動使肝臟產生一種酶，實際上可以獲得我們在大腦中看到的所有有益作用。”)可知，運動觸發肝臟產生豐富的蛋白質，尤其是一種名為GPLD1的酶，正是它產生了類似于運動給大腦帶來的益處。故選D項。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段中“GPLD1isanenzyme（.酶）itletsotherproteinsofftheoutsidesofcells,releasingthoseproteinstogodootherjobs."(它使其他蛋白質脫離細胞外，釋放這些蛋白質以從事其他工作。)可知，GPLDl酶的作用主要是“剪斷”蛋白質。故選B項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“ButtheroleofGPLD1isfarfromsettled,saysIrinaConboy,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.There'sevidencethatGPLD1levelsarehigherinpeoplewithdiabetes（糖尿病），shepointsout,indicatingthattheproteinmayhavenegativeeffects.”(加州大學的研究員伊琳娜·康博伊（IrinaConboy）說，但是GPLD1的作用遠未定下來。她指出，有證據表明糖尿病患者的GPLD1水平較高，這表明該蛋白可能具有負面作用。)以及最后一句話“Butwhetherit'sgoodorbad,nooneknowsforsure.”(但是，不管它的好壞，沒人能確定。)可知，IrinaConboy對GPLD1運用的作用是不確定的，謹慎的。故選C項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Achemicalsignalfromtheliver,causedbyexercise,helpselderlymicekeeptheirbrainssharp,suggestsarecentstudy.Understandingthisliver—to—brainsignalmayhelpscientistsdevelopadrugthatbenefitsthebrainthewayexercisedoes.”(最近的一項研究表明，運動引起的來自肝臟的化學信號可以幫助年老的老鼠保持大腦敏銳。了解這種從肝臟到大腦的信號可能會幫助科學家開發一種像鍛煉一樣有益于大腦的藥物。)以及下運動觸發肝臟產生豐富的蛋白質，尤其是一種名為GPLD1的酶，正是它產生了類似于運動給大腦帶來的益處，即GPLD1可以產生類似運動的效果。故選C項。第二節（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AlfredNobelRestsinPeacePeoplelikeMartinLutherKingJr.,NelsonMandela,andMotherTeresahavebeefamousallaroundtheworld.___16___TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.ButnoneofthemwouldhavereceivedtherecognitionitbringshaditnotbeenforoneSwedishman,AlfredNobel.WhenAlfredjoinedtheNobelfamilypany,ithadbeendevelopingexplosivesformanyyears.HisfatherhadstartedthefamilyfortunebyworkingfortheRussianarmytoproducelandminesandseamines.Butthefamilymadeevenmoremoneybymanufacturingnitroglycerine,whichwasaverydangerousexplosive.OnedayAlfredarrivedhometofindhis20yearoldbrotherEmilhadbeenkilledinanitroglycerineexplosion.___17___Theresultwasdynamite（甘油炸藥），whichbecameanimmediatesuccessallovertheworld.AlfredNobelalwayswanteddynamitetobeusedforpeacefulmeans.Unfortunately.whentheFirstWorldWarended.dynamitehadbeenusedtotakeawaythelivesofthousandsofyoungmen.___18___Toseehisinventionbeingusedinthiswaymadehimverysad.SometimelaterAlfred'solderbrotherLudwigdied.OnenewspaperaccidentallyprintedAlfred'sobituaryinsteadofhisbrother's.ItdescribedAlfredasamanwhohadbeerichbyinventingaweaponofmassdestruction.Afterreadingthereviewofhislife.Alfredwashorrifiedanddecidedtousethegreatfortunehehadmadetorewardpeoplewhohadbeenworkingtopromotegoodinsociety.___19___TheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedtothepersonwhohaddonethemost，orthebestworktopromotefriendshipbetweencountries,toabolisharmiesortoholdandpromotepeaceconferences.In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.___20___Perhapsnow,AlfredNobelwillrestmoreeasilyinhisgrave.A.Andwhatdotheyhaveinmon?B.Hence,itwasalargeamountofmoney.C.Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.D.Hewassogrievedbytheaccidentthatheevendesiredtogiveuphisjob.E.Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.F.Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes’G.Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics.chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.【答案】16.A17.C18.F19.G20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹諾貝爾獎的創始人AlfredNobel的一生經歷。諾貝爾獎授予了應得之人，AlfredNobel在他的墳墓里會安息得更安穩。【16題詳解】根據下文提示“TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.（他們都是諾貝爾和平獎的獲得者）”可知，此處應該是詢問其共同點是什么。所以A項Andwhatdotheyhaveinmon?（它們有什么共同點呢?）切題。故選A。【17題詳解】該選項可銜接前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死，且根據后文“Theresultwasdynamite（結果是爆炸性的）”可知，此處表述Alfred決心發明一種更安全的爆炸物。所以C項Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.（Alfred決定發明一種更安全的炸藥）切題。故選C。【18題詳解】前文寫到一戰結束的時候他的發明被用在戰爭中，F選項Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes’（他一直痛恨戰爭，認為“it”是令人厭惡的事情中最讓人厭惡的事情，是最嚴重的犯罪）切題。該選項承接一戰的內容。故選F。【19題詳解】前文中提到Alfred決定用他賺取的財富去獎勵造福社會的人，G選項Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics.chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.（他設立的五個獎項是物理學，化學，醫學，文學獎，還有最重要的，和平獎）切題。該項進一步說明他設計了什么獎項，并在后文接著寫諾貝爾和平獎頒給什么樣的人。故選G。【20題詳解】根據上文提示“In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.（1997年，諾貝爾和平獎授予了美國人喬迪·威廉姆斯(JodyWilliams)，因為她為禁止地雷所做的努力）”可知，1997年的諾貝爾和平獎頒給了一個號召禁用地雷的人，承接上文，E選項Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.（當然，具有諷刺意味的是，諾貝爾家族的財富是建立在礦山上的。）切題。令人覺得諷刺的是，諾貝爾家族的財富都是基于地雷。故選E。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。SocialdistancingguidelinesandstayathomeordersacrossAmericahavechangedmanypeople'splans.Thehighschoolseniorswhowerelookingforwardtoatraditionalgraduationceremonyhavealsochangedtheirs.Mostschoolshavebeen___21___toholdtheirceremoniesonline.ButoneNewHampshirehighschool'ssolutionwastohave___22___rideaskiliftto___23___theirdiplomas.KevinCarpenter,principalofKennettHighSchool,toldCBSNewstheideaforaskiliftgraduationwas___24___byanadministratorattheschool.Carpentersaidhelovedtheidea,andthehighschool___25___nearbyCranmoreMountainResort,whichagreedtohostthe___26___graduationceremonyfreeofcharge.InJune,roughlytwomonthsafterthe___27___skiseasoninNewHampshireended,theskiliftatCranmorewas___28___with174graduatingseniors.“The___29___wasverypositive,”Carpentersaid.“Mostfamilieswantedaninperson____30____andnotjustavirtualceremony.”“Thisisdefinitelynotthat,butitstillisnotthe____31____traditionalgraduation.Weneededto____32____socialdistancingpractices.But____33____whatisgoingonintheworld,thisisagreatwaytocelebratethe____34____oftheseyoungmenandwomen,”hecontinued.“Asaprincipal,thismakesmesoproud”hesaid.“Ourmunityissuchacaringandgivingoneandtoseesomany____35____ingtogethertohelpmakethishappenforkidsissoheartwarming.”21.A.reminded B.forced C.convinced D.warned22.A.guiders B.teachers C.graduates D.parents23.A.receive B.distribute C.offer D.deliver24.A.keptto B.turneddown C.triedout D.thoughtup25.A.connected B.contacted C.required D.skipped26.A.unique B.ordinary C.demanding D.rewarding27.A.plicated B.precious C.risky D.typical28.A.equipped B.packed C.trapped D.attached29.A.direction B.performance C.response D.request30A.experiment B.experience C.account D.challenge31.A.exactly B.merely C.correctly D.consequently32.A.promote B.discuss C.maintain D.approve33.A.providing B.considering C.realizing D.sharing34.A.arguments B.contributions C.negotiations D.achievements35.A.colleagues B.bonuses C.parts D.scholarships【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。由于新冠肺炎的爆發，大多數學校被迫在網上舉行畢業典禮，但新罕布什爾的一所高中讓它的畢業生乘坐滑雪纜車來領取畢業證書，這一想法受到師生的熱烈歡迎。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數學校都被迫在網上舉行畢業典禮。A.reminded提醒；B.forced迫使；C.convinced說服；D.warned警告。根據上文“SocialdistancingguidelinesandstayathomeordersacrossAmericahavechangedmanypeople'splans.”可知因為疫情原因，大多數學校是被迫在網上舉行畢業典禮的。故選B。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是新罕布什爾州的一所高中的解決辦法是讓畢業生乘坐滑雪纜車來獲得文憑。A.guiders指導者；B.teachers老師；C.graduates畢業生；D.parents父母。根據上文“holdtheirceremoniesonline”可知此處是指讓畢業生來獲得他們的文憑，graduates符合語境。故選C。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是新罕布什爾州的一所高中的解決辦法是讓畢業生乘坐滑雪纜車來獲得文憑。A.receive收到；B.distribute分配；C.offer提議；D.deliver遞送。根據后文“theirdiplomas”指畢業生接收他們的文憑，故選A。【24題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：肯尼特高中的校長KevinCarpenter在接受CBS新聞采訪時表示，舉辦滑雪纜車畢業典禮的想法是由該校的一名管理人員想出的。A.keptto堅持；B.turneddown拒絕；C.triedout嘗試；D.thoughtup想出。根據上文“theideaforaskiliftgraduationwas”可知此處指想出主意，應用thinkup，此處為一般過去時的被動語態。故選D。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Carpenter說，他喜歡這個想法，高中聯系了附近的克蘭默山度假村，后者同意免費舉辦這個獨特的畢業典禮。A.connected連接；B.contacted聯系；C.required需要；D.skipped跳躍。根據后文“nearbyCranmoreMountainResort,whichagreedtohost”指聯系同意舉辦畢業典禮的克蘭默山度假村，故選B。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Carpenter說，他喜歡這個想法，高中聯系了附近的克蘭默山度假村，后者同意免費舉辦這個獨特的畢業典禮。A.unique獨特的；B.ordinary普通的；C.demanding要求高的；D.rewarding有益的。根據上文可知，肯尼特高中要讓畢業生乘坐滑雪纜車來獲得文憑，這與往常的做法相比是一個獨特的畢業典禮。故選A。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：今年6月，新罕布什爾典型的滑雪季節結束大約兩個月后，克蘭莫爾的滑雪纜車上擠滿了174名大四學生。A.plicated復雜的；B.precious寶貴的；C.risky危險的；D.typical典型的。根據后文“skiseasoninNewHampshireended”舉辦畢業典禮的時間是在新罕布什爾典型的滑雪季節結束大約兩個月后，故選D。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：今年6月，新罕布什爾典型的滑雪季節結束大約兩個月后，克蘭莫爾的滑雪纜車上擠滿了174名大四學生。A.equipped裝備；B.packed打包；C.trapped誘捕；D.attached附上。根據后文“with174graduatingseniors”指滑雪纜車上擠滿了174名大四學生，短語bepackedwith“擠滿”。故選B。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：反響非常積極。A.direction方向；B.performance表現；C.response回答；D.request要求。根據后文“wasverypositive”以及上文纜車擠滿了大學生，可知大家對此的反響積極。故選C。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數家庭想要一個面對面的體驗，而不僅僅是一個虛擬的典禮。A.experiment實驗；B.experience體驗，經歷；C.account賬戶；D.challenge挑戰。根據上文“Mostfamilieswantedaninperson”可知之所以在疫情有社交距離限制的情況下還要舉辦畢業典禮，是因為大多數家庭想要一個面對面的體驗，experience符合語境。故選B。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這絕對不是那樣的，但也不是真正意義上的傳統畢業。A.exactly恰好地；B.merely僅僅；C.correctly正確地；D.consequently因此。根據前后文“Thisisdefinitelynotthat,butitstillisnotthe…traditionalgraduation”可知，這次活動并不完全意義上是傳統的畢業，故選A。【32題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們需要保持社交距離。A.promote促進；B.discuss討論；C.maintain維持，保持；D.approve支持。呼應第一段中“SocialdistancingguidelinesandstayathomeordersacrossAmericahavechangedmanypeople'splans.”指需要保持社交舉例，maintain符合語境。故選C。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是考慮到世界上正在發生的事情，這是慶祝這些年輕男女所取得的成就的一個很好的方式。A.providing提供；B.considering考慮；C.