閱讀理解題型分類練(七)推理推斷題——文章出處類A16thiPhonePhotographyAWARDSCallforEntries●CategoriesAbstract,Animals,Architecture,Children,Citylife/Cityscape.LandscapeLifestyle,Nature,People,Portrait,Series(3images),StillLifeTravel,Other.●RequirementsEntriesareopenworldwidetophotographersusinganiPhoneoriPad.Photosshouldnotbepublishedpreviouslyanywhere.Thepostsonpersonalaccounts(Facebook,Instagrametc.)aresuitable.ThephotosshouldnotbechangedinanydesktopimageprocessingprogramsuchasPhotoshop.ItisOKtouseanyIOSapps.Thesubmissionsmustbeintheoriginalsizeornotsmallerthan1，000pixelsineitherheightorwidth.●PrizesAllphotographerscompeteforthe4IPPAWARDSPhotographersoftheYear.GrandPrize,1st,2ndand3rdplace.GrandPrizes:AllentriescompeteforthefamousIPPAPhotographeroftheYearAwardtitle.14GoldBars:The1stplacewinnerofthe14categorieswillwinaGoldBarfromthemostrecognizableprivategoldmint(鑄幣)intheworld.14PlatinumBars:The2ndand3rdplacewinnersofthe14categorieswillwinaPlatinumBarfromthemostrecognizableprivategoldmintintheworld.CertificatesinallCategories:All1st,2ndand3rdplacewinnersfromeachcategorieswillreceiveaIPPAWARDScertificate.HonorableMentions:IPPAWARDSjudgeswillawardseveralHonorableMentiontoentriestoacknowledgetalentastheyconsiderfit.●HowtoEnter：1．Selecthowmanyimagesyouwanttoenter.2．Followthecheck-outprocesstopaytheentryfee.3．Selectyourimagesandupload;clickheretostart.Ifpossible,pleasenameeachimagewithyournameandthecategoryyouaresubmittinglikethis：“FirstName-LastName-Category.jpg”●Deadline:March31,20241．WhatmakesaqualifiedentryforthecompetitionasaniPhoneuser?A．Anunusedoriginalphoto.B．An800-pixelphoto.C．Atwo-imageSeries.D．Apublishedphoto.2．WhatprizewillyougetifyouwinthesecondplaceinArchitecture?A．GoldBar.B．PlatinumBar.C．HonorableMention.D．Grandprize.3．Wherecanyouseethistextprobably?A．Inaphotographymagazine.B．Inaphotographyguidebook.C．Onawebsite.D．InaniPhoneadvertisement.B[2024·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市高三學(xué)情調(diào)查]Askbacteriawherethey'dliketolive,andthey'llanswer:akitchensponge(海綿),please.Spongesarethebestplaceforbacteria,capableofhousing54billionbacteriapercubiccentimeter.Inadditiontobeingdamp,airyandloadedwithfoodremains,spongesprovideaperfectphysicalenvironmentforbacteria.Justlikehumans,bacteriapreferdifferentlevelsofinteractionswiththeirpeers.Somebacteriaaremoresocial,whileotherspreferstayingalone.Researchersfoundthatmiddlinglevelsofseparation—similartothatfoundinasponge—maximizethediversityofthecommunity.Scientistsseparateddifferentbacterialstrains(菌株),whichhadbeenengineeredtogivelight,intocompartments(隔間).Theworkshowedthatanenvironmentwithamiddlingnumberofcompartmentspromotesthemostdiversity.Kitchensponge,withallkindsoflargeandsmallholes,notonlyofferanidealnumberofcompartmentsforbacteria,butalsoprovidearangeofvarying-sizedpartiesthatcansuitmoreofthebacteria'sneeds.Inexperimentswithakitchensponge,theresearchersfoundthattheresultingbacterialcommunitywasmorediversethanthoseproducedinliquidcultures,acommonmethodofgrowingbacteriainalaboratory.Fortunately,thebacteriapartyinginyourspongearemostlynonpathogenic.Butifdangerousbacteriadoshowup,thesponge'sspecialstructurewillprobablyhelpthemthrive.“Spongesarenotreallywell-suitedforkitchen，”saysMarkusEgert,amicrobiologist,whodidnottakepartinthestudy.“Thereishardlyanysurfacewithoutbacteriaathome,butthekitchenspongeisprobablythemostpopulateditemathome.”Thegoodnewsisthatit'seasytosolvetheproblem.Brushesareamuchsaferalternative.Andifyouloveyoursponge,don'tuseitformeatjuices.Noneedtoinvitebadbacteriatotheparty.4．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Introducingthetopicofthetext.B．Drawingascientificconclusion.C．Comparingbacteriawithhumanbeings.D．Providingabetterenvironmentforbacteria.5．Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexperiment?A．Bacteriacanberemovedfromhome.B.Bacteriaprefertoreproduceinlargespaces.C.Kitchenspongeswillsoonbereplacedbybrushes.D．Kitchenspongesareidealitemstoproducebacteria.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nonpathogenic”meaninParagraph6?A．Different.B．Safe.C．Healthy.D．Destructive.7．Whereisthepassagemostlikelytakenfrom?A．Acookbook.B．Amagazine.C．Atextbook.D．Anadvertisement.C[2024·石家莊市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(一)]OnGrytvikenislandintheSouthAtlanticOceanliestheSouthGeorgiaMuseum,oneofthemostremotemuseumsintheworld.SouthGeorgiaMuseumislocatedintheisland'soldwhalingstation.Whaling,orthehuntingofwhalesfortheirusablenaturalproducts,suchasmeatandoil,ceasedtherein1964.Thebuildingthatnowhousesthemuseumonceservedasthewhalingmanager'shomeandofficeandwentunusedforover20yearsbeforeitopenedtothepublicasamuseumin1992.TherearenopassengerflightstoorfromGrytviken,sothemajorityofvisitorsarriveonaship.Theislanditselfonlyseesabout10,000visitorsayearandtherearenopermanentresidents,onlyagroupof20scientists,maintenancestaff,andmuseumworkerswhobravetheisland'scoldweatherconditions.Travelingtothemuseumrequiresadvanceplanning.SouthGeorgiaMuseumstaffalltraveltotheislandfromabroadforthesouthernhemisphere(半球)spring,ormid-October,andmostcomefromtheUnitedKingdom,around8,000milesnorth.Themuseum,whichoffersfreeadmission,“aimstomakethishistoryandheritageaccessiblebothtothevisitingpublicandtothoseunabletovisitthisremoteregionthrougheducation,exhibitionsandoutreach”.Accordingtoitswebsite,ithousesanaturalhistorycollection,artifacts,exhibitionsrelatedtotheearlyhistoryofsealingandwhalingaswellasAntarcticexplorer,SirErnestShackleton,andmore.Themuseumroomsarenamedafterindividualswhocontributedtothegrowthorconservationoftheislandinsomeway.ThetemperatureisidealforvisitorsOctoberthroughDecember,butsill,daytimehighsdon'toftenreachabove40degreesFahrenheit.Forthosewhoworkthere,Internetaccessispatchyandfreshfoodoptionsarerare.It'snotaplaceforeveryone,butforthestaffthatcallsithomeforpartsoftheyear,it'sauniqueformofparadise.“Steppingawayfromtheworldhasbeenatreat，”saidPierce,oneofthestaff.8．WhatcanwelearnabouttheSouthGeorgiaMuseum?A．Itisaccessibletovisitorsbyair.B．Ithas20maintenanceworkers.C．Itopenedtothepublicin1964.D．Itusedtobeawhalingstation.9．Whoaretheroomsofthemuseumnamedafter?A．Managersofthewhalingstation.B．AdventurersexploringtheAntarctic.C．Thosewhomadecontributionstotheisland.D.Individualswhoconservedwhalesfromextinction.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“patchy”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Poor.B．Easy.C．Free.D．Quick.11．Inwhichcolumnofawebsitecanwefindthistext?A．Animals.B．People.C．Travel.D．News.[答題區(qū)]題號(hào)1234567891011答案閱讀理解題型分類練(七)A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是第16屆iPhone攝影大賽征集參賽作品的相關(guān)狀況。1．答案與解析：A微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Requirements部分中的“Photosshouldnotbepublishedpreviouslyanywhere.Thepostsonpersonalaccounts(Facebook,Instagrametc.)aresuitable.ThephotosshouldnotbechangedinanydesktopimageprocessingprogramsuchasPhotoshop.”可知，參賽作品以前從未發(fā)表過(guò)，而且不能有任何的加工處理，也就是必需是未經(jīng)運(yùn)用的原創(chuàng)作品。故選A。2．答案與解析：B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Prizes部分中的“14PlatinumBars:The2ndand3rdplacewinnersofthe14categorieswillwinaPlatinumBarfromthemostrecognizableprivategoldmintintheworld.”可知，獲得其次名以及第三名的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邥?huì)獲得世界上最知名的私人鑄金廠的鉑金條。故選B。3．答案與解析：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)HowtoEnter：部分中的“Selectyourimagesandupload;clickheretostart.”可知，此處表明要在網(wǎng)上上傳照片，并點(diǎn)擊此處起先，由此推知，該文出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上。故選C。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。從科學(xué)角度介紹了廚房的海綿是產(chǎn)生細(xì)菌的志向物品。4．答案與解析：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)首段“Askbacteriawherethey'dliketolive,andthey'llanswer:akitchensponge(海綿),please.”以及其次段首句“Spongesarethebestplaceforbacteria,capableofhousing54billionbacteriapercubiccentimeter.”可知，廚房的海綿是細(xì)菌的最佳棲息地。且縱觀全文，都是在介紹這一話題，由此可推知，第一段的作用是引出文章主題。故選A。5．答案與解析：D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段末句“Theworkshowedthatanenvironmentwithamiddlingnumberofcompartmentspromotesthemostdiversity.”以及第五段首句“Kitchensponge,withallkindsoflargeandsmallholes,notonlyofferanidealnumberofcompartmentsforbacteria,butalsoprovidearangeofvarying-sizedpartiesthatcansuitmoreofthebacteria'sneeds.”可知，廚房海綿是產(chǎn)生細(xì)菌的志向物品。故選D。6．答案與解析：B詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Fortunately,thebacteriapartyinginyourspongearemostlynonpathogenic.Butifdangerousbacteriadoshowup,thesponge'sspecialstructurewillprobablyhelpthemthrive.”可知，“But”前后為比照關(guān)系，其后為“dangerous”，故畫(huà)線詞應(yīng)為反義詞，故為“平安的”。7．答案與解析：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)首段“Askbacteriawherethey'dliketolive,andthey'llanswer:a