[語(yǔ)法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究①TodayismyfirstdayatSeniorHighschoolandI'mwritingdownmythoughtsaboutit.②Theteacherswriteontheputer,andtheirwordsappearonthescreenbehindthem.③We'reusinganewtextbook.④MsShen'smethodofteachingisnothinglikethatoftheteachersatmyJuniorHighschool.⑤Theclassroomsareamazing.⑥TheEnglishclassisreallyinteresting.⑦Somestudentswereembarrassedatfirst.⑧Thisisadisappointingresult.1.①～④句中①③采用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；②④采用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是be＋_v．ing形式，其中be動(dòng)詞有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。3．⑤～⑧句中以-ing和-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞譃椋孩茛拮鞅碚Z(yǔ)；⑦作定語(yǔ)；⑧作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。[語(yǔ)法剖析]語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中常出現(xiàn)often,usually,sometimes,always,everyday等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。LiKangplaysbasketballeveryday.李康每天都打籃球。2．表示普遍真理、客觀存在的事實(shí)及格言、警句，以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的事實(shí)。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比聲音傳播得速度快。3．表示按計(jì)劃、時(shí)間表、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞。例如：go,e,arrive,leave,start,begin等。Thefilmbeginsat7：00p．m.電影晚上7：00開(kāi)演。4．表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格或發(fā)生、存在于說(shuō)話時(shí)的感覺(jué)、狀態(tài)等。Thejobcallsforgreatpatience.這項(xiàng)工作需要極大的耐心。5．在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。We'llgototheparkifitdoesnotraintomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。集中演練11－1.單句語(yǔ)法填空①Shanghailies(lie)intheeastofChina.②Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave(leave)theclassroom.③Columbusprovedthattheearthis(be)round.④Thetrainleaves(leave)atsixtomorrowmorning.⑤Herees(e)thebus.1－2.完成句子⑥王安英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得好，但說(shuō)得不好。AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoes_not_speakwell.⑦飛機(jī)早上九點(diǎn)二十分起飛。Theplanetakes_offat9：20a．m.⑧我們見(jiàn)面時(shí)我將和你商討此事。Iwill_discussthiswithyouwhenwemeet.⑨每天我們乘公共汽車(chē)上學(xué)。Wego_to_schoolbybuseveryday.⑩我希望不久你就能感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)。Ihopethatyoufeel_bettersoon.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now,atpresent,atthemoment等連用。Heiswaitingforthebus.他在等公共汽車(chē)。2．表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)thesedays,thismonth等連用。Weareusinganewtextbook.我們正在用一套新課本。3．表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：arrive,begin,e,go,leave,start,stay等。Howmanystudentsareingtothemeetingintheafternoon?下午多少學(xué)生要來(lái)參加會(huì)議？4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可與always,forever,continually,constantly等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，含有抱怨、感嘆、厭倦等感情色彩。Sheisalwaysthinkingofherself.她總是想著自己。Heisalwaysfindingfaults.他總是挑毛病。集中演練22－1.選詞填空①Weoften(already/often)gototheparkatweekends.②I'mmakinggoodprogressnow(always/now)．③Louisislivingaloneat_the_moment(atthemoment/everyday)．④Idophysicalexercisesthree_times_a_day(atpresent/threetimesaday)．⑤We'rejust(just/sometimes)discussingafewdetails.2－2.完成句子⑥你老是改變主意。Youare_always_changing_yourmind.⑦天越來(lái)越暖和了。Itis_getting_warmer_and_warmer．⑧今晚我要和彼得見(jiàn)面，他將帶我去看戲。Iam_meetingPetertonight.Heis_takingmetothetheatre.⑨格林先生在寫(xiě)另一部小說(shuō)。Mr.Greenis_writinganothernovel.⑩此刻我正在寫(xiě)信。Iam_writingaletteratthemoment.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)三以-ed和-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞在英語(yǔ)中常有一些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，在句子中主要用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。其區(qū)別主要在于：1．以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞用來(lái)描述人或事物本身具有的特征，即人或事物具有能夠令人產(chǎn)生某種情緒的作用或能力，常譯為“令人(使人)……的”。2．以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常用來(lái)描述人對(duì)某事物作出的反應(yīng)，其主語(yǔ)通常是人，常譯為“感到……的”。Theflowersonthehillarepleasing.山上的花賞心悅目。Tomygreatsurprise,hewasn'tsurprisedwhenheheardthesurprisingnews.使我感到很吃驚的是，當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)令人吃驚的消息的時(shí)候沒(méi)有感到吃驚。(指消息具有“令人吃驚”的特點(diǎn))常見(jiàn)的分詞形容詞有：excited/excitingsurprised/surprisingamazed/amazingembarrassed/embarrassingencouraged/encouraginginterested/interestingpleased/pleasingsatisfied/satisfyingfrightened/frighteningtired/tiringbored/boringmoved/movingworried/worrying[名師點(diǎn)津]不能以被修飾的是物或人來(lái)選擇用-ing形式還是ed形式。-ing形式也可修飾人，-ed形式也可修飾物。如當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是face,smile,look,expression等能表現(xiàn)出人的感情的名詞時(shí)，通常用-ed形式的形容詞。Heisaboringboy.他是一個(gè)令人討厭的孩子。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿意的笑容。集中演練33－1.單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)tissurprising(surprise)thathedidn'tpasstheexamination.②Thebadweathermadethetriptiring(tire)．③Disappointed(disappoint)andangry,heleftthemeetingroom.④Seeingthedelightingresult,wearealldelighted.(delight)⑤Itisbelievedthatifabookisinteresting(interest),itwillsurelyinterestthereaders.3－2.單句改錯(cuò)⑥D(zhuǎn)on'tbediscouraging.Tryitagain.discouraging→discouraged⑦Thesurprisinglookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadn'texpectedthatwouldhappen.surprising→surprised⑧Ifoundthestoryexcited.excited→exciting⑨Theansweristhemostsatisfiedofthese.satisfied→satisfying⑩InterestinginEnglish,shelearnsitverywell.Interesting→Interested[鏈接高考]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2015·湖南高考)Wheneveryoubuy(buy)apresent,youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver'spointofview.解析：whenever引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在該從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)。2．(2015·四川高考)LittleTomsatwatchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim,amazed(amaze)．解析：句意：小湯姆坐在那兒看著小猴子在他面前跳舞，很吃驚。amazed意為“感到吃驚的”，符合句意。3．(2014·重慶高考)You'dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyouforget(forget)it.解析：句意：記下號(hào)碼以免忘記。before引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示“將來(lái)”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。英語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。4．(2014·北京高考)—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.Iam_filling(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.解析：句意：“嗨，我們?nèi)セ伞！薄皩?duì)不起，我現(xiàn)在很忙。我正在填一個(gè)新工作申請(qǐng)表。”根據(jù)句意可知，我正在填表，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。5．(2013·重慶高考)AMidsummerNight'sDreamopens(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.解析：句意：《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》將于6月19日在皇家戲院上演，然后去整個(gè)蘇格蘭巡演。此處為按照時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。而且and作為并列連詞時(shí)，連接結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同的兩個(gè)部分，此處and前后句之間的動(dòng)作表示的都是將來(lái)，后一句用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，前句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。6．(2013·北京高考)Hurryup!MarkandCarolare_expecting(expect)us.解析：句意：快點(diǎn)！邁克和卡爾在期待著我們。Hurryup！(趕快)說(shuō)明目前正在發(fā)生的事情。7．(2013·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ifwe_don't_act(not,act)nowtoprotecttheenvironment,we'lllivetoregretit.解析：根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。8．(2013·天津高考)Thewatersupplyhasbeencutofftemporarily(臨時(shí)地)becausetheworkersare_repairing(repair)oneofthemainpipes.解析：句意：水供應(yīng)已暫時(shí)被切斷，因?yàn)楣と藗冋诰S修其中一個(gè)主管道。動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。9．(2013·陜西高考)OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakes(take)meanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.解析：句意：我通常在周一早上要開(kāi)一個(gè)小時(shí)的車(chē)去上班，盡管實(shí)際上只有二十英里的路程。由usually可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。10．(2013·湖南高考)Aroundtwoo'clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhatbothers(bother)us.解析：句意：每天夜里2點(diǎn)左右，Sue就會(huì)開(kāi)始說(shuō)夢(mèng)話。這多少有點(diǎn)打擾我們。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“aroundtwoo'clockeverynight”可知此處敘述的是每天都發(fā)生的事情，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。[針對(duì)演練]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theyare_having(have)animportantmeetingnow.2．Doesshedo(do)thehomeworkeveryday?3．Listen!Whois_knocking(knock)atthefrontdoor?4．Wedon't_do(not,do)ourhomeworkafterteno'clock.5．IwilltakeTomtherewhenhees(e)next.6．Thefilmwassomoving(move)thatmanypeoplecried.7．Iwassurprised(surprise)toseehimattheparty,forhehadgonetoShenzhen.8．Hewaspleased(please)withtheirwarmwele.9．Travellingisinteresting(interest),butweoftenfeeltired(tire)whenwearebackhome.10．Thesituationismorepuzzlingthanever.I'mpuzzledaboutwhattodonext.(puzzle)Ⅱ.完成句子1．他們因自己取得的成就而感到鼓舞。Theyfelt_encouragedbytheirachievements.2．他開(kāi)始想像各種可能降臨到他頭上的可怕的事情。Hebegantoimagineallkindsoffrightening_thingsthatcouldhappentohim.3．一些人主張，這些圖并不像他們看起來(lái)那么令人擔(dān)憂。Somearguethatthesefiguresarenotas_worrying_astheyseem.4．從瑪麗臉上那有趣而又驚訝的神情來(lái)看，湯姆知道，瑪麗不知道目前發(fā)生的事。Bytheamused_and_surprised_lookonherface,TomknewthatMarydidn'tknowwhathadhapp