UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESTomasterthegrammar:the-ingformastheobjectcomplementandtheadverbialDescribepeople’sactions,using–ingforms.Hearingthebadnews,hewasverysad.Readthesentencesbelowanddiscussthefunctionandmeaningofeach–ingform.Thenfindmoreexamplesfromtheunit.…herbrothercomplained,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.AstheadverbialThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried,shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”,havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlife.2.Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.3.ThenewPeople'sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.AstheadverbialAstheobjectcomplementAttimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.(Thatis,Theysawherridingadonkey…)動詞-ing形式是非謂語動詞的一種，兼有動詞和形容詞的特征，在句中可作表語，定語，賓語補足語和狀語，一般表示進行或主動的意思。動詞-ing形式用作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致，動詞-ing形式所表示的動作和句子的主語是主動關系。動詞-ing形式在句中可以作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨、程度和結果狀語。動詞-ing形式作狀語1.作時間狀語

egSeeingthepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.

一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。分析：see的動作是由其邏輯主語“he”發出，與句子的主語he一致，且構成主動關系，所以用動詞-ing形式。將下面的時間狀語從句改寫成簡單句。Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,hesawadog.Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawadog.2.作原因狀語

egBeingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

因為生病了，他昨天沒有上學。分析:Heisill是Hedidn’tgotoschool的原因。be的邏輯主語和句子主語是一致,主動關系。Notknowingtheway,hegotlost.翻譯句子：由于不認路，他迷路了。

Ashe____________________,hegotlost.didn’tknowtheway動詞-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not。3.作條件狀語

egTurningtotheleft,youwillseeaschool.

向左轉你就會看到一所學校。Ifwe___________,wewillsucceed.翻譯句子：努力學習,我們就會成功。Studyinghard,wewillsucceed.studyhard4.作讓步狀語

egGrantingthistobetrue,wecannotexplainit.

雖然我們承認這是事實，卻無法予以說明。Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.翻譯句子：雖然知道它很難，我也不放棄。AlthoughI_________________,Idon’tgiveup.knowitisdifficult5.作方式狀語

egYougavemesuchafrightcreepinguponmelikethat!

你那樣不聲不響地從后面過來，嚇我一跳！

用動詞-ing形式作狀語的結構翻譯下列句子。

1)請你用另一種方式回答問題。

2)她跑進屋里來。Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.Shecamerunningintotheroom.6.作結果狀語

egThechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.

那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上磕破了。Hewentabroad,leaving

hisuncleabighouse.翻譯句子：他出國了，留給他叔叔一間大房子。Hewentabroad

and________hisuncleabighouse.left注意：不一樣的結果狀語動詞-ing形式做結果狀語，是表示隨著謂語動詞所表示的動作的發生而產生的自然結果，其邏輯主語往往是前面整個句子所描述的情況，前面有時候可以加thus。而動詞不定式作結果狀語時常表示出乎意料的結果，有時前面可以加only。7.作伴隨狀語

egThelittleboywentupstairs,trailinghisteddybearbehindhim.

那個小男孩走上樓去，身后拖著他的玩具熊。

Emmawassittinginanarmchairreadingabook.Emma坐在一張扶手椅上看書。Helayonthegrass

and

___________thesky.翻譯下面句子。他躺在草地上，凝望天空。Helayonthegrass,staringatthesky.staredatNotes:動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語、方式狀語和結果狀語時，通常可以轉換成兩個并列的簡單句。Attention:動詞-ing形式的時態動詞-ing形式（短語）作狀語時，要注意它的時間性，即注意是用一般式（doing）還是用完成式（havedone）。當動詞-ing形式的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生或幾乎同時發生時，用一般式；當它的動作先于謂語動詞所表示的動作發生時，用完成式。egWalkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.走在大街上時，我遇到了一位老朋友。

Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。動詞-ing形式的語態使用動詞-ing形式的主動式（doing/havingdone）還是被動式（beingdone/havingbeendone），這主要取決于現在分詞和句子主語之間的關系。通常，句子的主語就是動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語。egWewalkedalongtheriverbank,talkingandlaughing.我們沿河岸有說有笑地走著。（主動）Beingrepairednow,thecomputercan’tbeused.由于現在正在修理，這臺電腦不能用了。（被動）賓語補足語位于賓語之后，補充說明賓語是什么或怎么樣，與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。We

cansee

aboy

singing

inthepicture.賓語補足語主語謂語賓語動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語Wecanseeherlisteningtomusic.Wecansee

fivekidsrunning

inthepicture.Thepolicecaught

themanstealing

themoney.Attention:動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語時，常和表示感觀和心理狀態的動詞see,notice,watch,lookat,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find,catch等動詞后與一個名詞（代詞）構成復合賓語。在see，hear，feel，watch等感官動詞后，既可用動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語，也可用不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。用動詞-ing形式時，表示動作正在進行；用不帶to的動詞不定式時，表示動作經常發生或動作從開始到結束的全過程。egIsawhimgettingoutofthecar.我看見他正在下車。Isawhimgetoutofthecar.我看見他下車了。我覺得我心跳的更快了。（beat）Ifeltmyheartbeatingfaster.聽，外面的小鳥在唱歌。Listentothebirdssingingoutside.I’msorrytohave________________forsolong.1.不好意思讓你等這么久。(keep)2.他父親不讓他抽煙。(let)Hisfatherdonot____________.keptyouwaitinglethimsmoke動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語時，也常和表示使役的動詞keep，get，leave，set，have等動詞后與一個名詞（代詞）構成復合賓語，表示，“使……一直處于某種狀態”。Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.feelwantfacesmilereturnworryhearknock1.__________thathiswifehadbeeninjuredinanaccident,MrJohnsonhurriedtothehospital.2.Duringtheoperation,shesatinthewaitingroomforoveranhour__________abouthim.3.Isawherwhisperingsomethingintohisear,obviouslynot_________tobeheard.Hearingworryingwantingn.

事故；車禍n.

手術vi.&vt.

悄聲說；耳語4.Hesuddenlywokeupatmidnightwhenheheardsomeone__________athisdoor.5._________higherimportandexportcosts,thecompanyislookingforwaystosurvive.6.__________fromtheNorthPole,thetravellerwroteabookabouthisexperienceandhaditpublishedthefollowingyear.7.Thechildlayonhermother'slap,_________sweetly.8.________hurtbytherejection,shebitherlipandquietlywalkedaway.FacingReturningsmilingFeelingfeelwantfacesmilereturnworryhearknockknockingn.

子夜；午夜n.

進口n.

出口n.(行星的)極；地級n.(坐著時的)大腿部Readthestoryandanswerthequestions.HenryNormanBethunewasaCanadiandoctorwithaverycreativemindandadeterminationtohelppeople.Asasmallboy,hebecameveryinterestedinmedicineanddecidedtobecomeadoctor.Afterhegraduatedfrommedicalcollegein1916,BethuneworkedasadoctorinEngland,theUS,andCanada.Hereinventedorredesignedover10medicalinstrumentstomakethemmoreuseful.In1938,BethuneleftforChina,afterheheardthatmanypeopleweredyinginthewar.Despitethedifficultsituation,DrBethunedidwhateverhecouldtoassisttheChinesepeople.Hehelpedtoorganisehospitals,taughtdoctorsandnurses,andshowedpeoplehowtogivefirstaid.Sadly,DrBethunepassedawayinNovemberthefollowingyearandwasburiedinShijiazhuang.AfterDrBethune'sdeath,ChairmanMaoZedongwroteanarticleinmemoryofhim,inwhichhepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.n.

主席1.WhydidDrBethunecometoChina?2.HowdidhehelptheChinesepeopleduringthewar?3.WhatdidChairmanMaoZedongsayabouthim?Becauseheheardthatmanypeopleweredyinginthewar.Hehelpedtoorganisehospitals,taughtdoctorsandnurses,andshowedpeoplehowtogivefirstaid.HepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.HenryNormanBethunewasaCanadiandoctorwithaverycreativemindandadeterminationtohelppeople.Asasmallboy,hebecameveryinterestedinmedicineanddecidedtobecomeadoctor.Afterhegraduatedfrommedicalcollegein1916,BethuneworkedasadoctorinEngland,theUS,andCanada.,decidingtobecomeadoctorReadthefollowingstoryandrewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthe-ingform.Hereinventedorredesignedover10medicalinstrumentstomakethemmoreuseful.In1938,BethuneleftforChina,afterheheardthatmanypeopleweredyinginthewar.Despitethedifficultsituation,DrBethunedidwhateverhecouldtoassisttheChinesepeople.Hehelpedtoorganisehospitals,taughtdoctorsandnurses,andshowedpeoplehowtogivefirstaid.afterhearingthat…Helpingtoorganisehospitals,hetaught…OR…teaching…andshowing…Sadly,DrBethunepassedawayinNovemberthefollowingyearandwasburiedinShijiazhuang.AfterDrBethune'sdeath,ChairmanMaoZedongwroteanarticleinmemoryofhim,inwhichhepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.…praisingDr.Bethuneas…1.…DrBethunepassedawayinNovemberthefollowingyearandwasburiedinShijiazhuang.passaway:usethiswhenyouwanttoavoidsayingtheword“die”去世egTheboyfeltverysadbecausehisgrandpapassedawaylastnight.【拓展】passby

通過；經過（……旁邊）

passdown

傳下來passout

失去知覺；暈倒

passon

轉交；（用后）遞給，傳給【語境應用】用以上pass短語的適當形式填空。1)Thetrad