DirectandIndirectSpeechGrammarapersonwhobuysandsellscertainproducts,suchaswine

→merchant2.apersonwhohatesanotherpersonandtriestoharmhimorher

→enemyFindwordsinthisunitthatmatchthefollowingdefinitions.3.amanwhoisalwayspoliteandhasgoodmanners

→gentleman4.adoctorwhoperformsmedicaloperationsinahospital

→surgeon5.ametalweaponwithtwocuttingedgesandasharppoint,muchbiggerthanaknife

→sword6.abuildingwheretrialsareheld

→court7.somethingyousayordowhenmeetingsomeone

→greeting8.somethingthathappensasaresultofanactionorsituation

→consequenceDirectandIndirectSpeech直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)陳述句Janesaid:“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”Grammarthat引導的賓語從句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般疑問句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.whether/if引導的賓語從句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)特殊疑問句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.wh-詞引導的賓語從句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)祈使句Theofficersaidtohim:“Don’tleaveyourpost.”不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)Let’s開頭的祈使句

Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”that引導的賓語從句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)感嘆句Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”that/what/how引導的賓語從句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.由直接引語轉變為間接引語,有時會引起時態的變化,注意以下幾個方面直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般現在時或現在完成時Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”從句動詞時態不變Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般過去時引導動詞為:從句動詞時態相應變化從句動詞變為:一般現在時“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般過去時Hesaidthatheknewit.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般過去時引導動詞為:從句動詞時態相應變化從句動詞變為:現在進行時“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.過去進行時Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般過去時引導動詞為:從句動詞時態相應變化從句動詞變為:現在完成時“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.過去完成時Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般過去時引導動詞為:從句動詞時態相應變化從句動詞變為:現在完成進行時Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”過去完成進行時Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般過去時引導動詞為:從句動詞時態相應變化從句動詞變為:一般過去時“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.過去完成時HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.

直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般過去時引導動詞為:從句動詞時態相應變化從句動詞變為:過去進行時“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.過去完成進行時ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般過去時引導動詞為:從句動詞時態相應變化從句動詞變為:過去完成時“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.過去完成時JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.

直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動詞為一般過去時引導動詞為:從句動詞時態相應變化從句動詞變為:一般將來時Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”過去將來時Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.由直接引語轉變為間接引語,下列情況時態不變1.不變的真理：

Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”

→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.經常的習慣：

Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”

→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.歷史事件：

Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”

→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情態動詞,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：

Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.由直接引語轉變為間接引語,下列代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等可能要變化直接引語間接引語thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday(the)nextday直接引語間接引語thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/herePracticeEx.1onP70B:Bassanio

A:Antonio

S:ShylockAct1B:Antonio,myfriend.Iaminlovewitharichandbeautiful,whosenameisPortia.A:Doessheloveyou?B:Yes,shelovesme.OratleastIthinkso.A:Haveyouaskedhertomarryyou?B:Iwantedto,butIcan’t.A:Ifthatisyouronlyproblem,Icanhelpyou.Howmuchdoyouneed?B:Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucanlendme3,000ducats.A:I’dbehappytohelpyou,butallmyshipsareatseaandIhavenomoneyatpresent.Butdon’tworry,I’llfindawaytosolvethisproblem.B:Oh,youaresuchakindman.Thankyouverymuch!Act2A:Shylock,Iwanttoborrowsomemoneyfromyou.S:Borrowmoney?It’sunbelievable!Whathavebroughtyouhere?A:IcometoborrowmoneyfromyoutohelpmyfriendBassanio.S:Didn’tyoumanytimestellothersaboutmygreedandcruelty?Ithoughtyouwouldneverdobusinesswithme.A:Iwanttoborrow3,000ducatsandwillpayitbackassoonasmyshipsareback.Doyoulenditornot?S:Ofcourse,ofcourse.Iwillagreetolendyouthemoneyifyouagreeononecondition.Ifyoufailtopaythemoneybackattheendofthreemonths,Iwillhavetherighttohaveapoundofyourfleshtobecutofffromanypartofyourbody.A:Deal!B:Don’tacceptit.Itisyourlifethathewantsmost.Let’sgetoutofhere!A:Don’tworry.MyshipswillbebacksoonandIwillhavemoneythen.Let’ssolveyourproblemfirst.Itisjustajoke.Iwillnotrefusehisoffer.Iwillsigntheagreement.1.Jacksaidtome,”Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExercises2.Wesaidtoher,”They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,”Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago7.Sheasked,”Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,”Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”