2023年考研考博考博英語西南科技大學考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.問題1選項A.musthavegoneB.shouldhavegoneC.oughttohavegoneD.couldhavegone2.單選題Icouldn’tfind（）,andsoItookthisone.問題1選項A.alargeenoughcoatB.anenoughlargecoatC.alargecoatenoughD.acoatenoughlarge3.單選題OnourwaytoBeijing,wevisitedXi’an,acityoftwomillion（）,andstayedtherefortwodays.問題1選項A.insectsB.humanC.inhabitantsD.flights4.單選題Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuationsymbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?Bug”or“Song;Tree”.Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?2.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?3.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?4.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?5.Theword“Given”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（）.問題1選項A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.問題2選項A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.問題3選項A.iaHgnahsB.19730508C.2B/not2BD.Re-B,pl2問題4選項A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.問題5選項A.FixedB.GrantedC.SupposedD.Presented5.單選題Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,（）byhisguide,wouldfindhiswaythroughthejungle.問題1選項A.havingbeendesertedB.havingdesertedC.tohavebeendesertedD.tobedeserted6.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew￡3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.7.單選題Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.問題1選項A.onoccasionB.onpurposeC.onconditionD.onlyif8.單選題Untilthen,hisfamily（）fromhimforsixyears.問題1選項A.didn’thearB.hasn’tbeenhearingC.hadn’theardD.hasn’theard9.單選題Themeetingwas（）overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.問題1選項A.propelledB.pickedC.postponedD.presided10.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.

Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanlowertheIQmorethantwiceasmuchassmokingmarijuana.Thatistheclaimofpsychologistswhohavefoundthattappingawayonamobilephoneorcomputerkeypadorcheckingthemforelectronicmessagestemporarilyknocksupto10pointsofftheuser’sIQ.Thisrateofdeclineinintelligencecomparesunfavorablywiththefour-pointdropinIQassociatedwithsmokingmarijuana,accordingtoBritishresearchers,whohavelabeledthetemporaryphenomenonofincreasedstupidityas“infomania”.ResearchonsleepdeprivationsuggeststhattheIQdropcausedbyelectronicobsessionisequaltoawakefulnight.ThenoticeabledropinIQisattributedtotheconstantdistractionof“alwayson”technologywhenemployeesshouldbeconcentratingonwhattheyarepaidtodo.Infomaniameansthattheyloseconcentrationastheirmindsremainfixedinanalmostpermanentstateofreadinesstoreacttotechnologyinsteadoffocusingonthetaskinhand.11.單選題Thegovernment（）regulationsthatputthisarcheologicalsiteunderprotection.問題1選項A.dischargedB.releasedC.issuedD.published12.單選題Theideaofspendingtherestofmylifetherenever（）me.問題1選項A.approvestoB.attractstoC.appallstoD.appealsto13.單選題Jimhadto（）allhisskill（）todefeathistennisopponent.問題1選項A.call…intoplayB.call...tomindC.call…toattentionD.call...intoaction14.單選題Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.問題1選項A.refreshingB.restoringC.renovatingD.renewing15.單選題Inordertosurvivenowand（）inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.問題1選項A.maximizeB.thriveC.erectD.recruit16.單選題Ingeneral,theeffectsofradiationcanbedividedintothosewhichaffecttheindividualsexposedandthosewhichaffecttheir（）.問題1選項A.successionB.descendantsC.descentD.successors17.單選題Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatthepiano（）after11ofo’clockatnight.問題1選項A.wasnotplayedB.nottoplayC.notbeplayedD.didnotplay18.單選題Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually（）theway.問題1選項A.inB.afterC.onD.by19.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.IntheUnitedStateofAmericahouseshavechangedassocialcustomschanged.Atfirst,AmericanhousesfollowedthepatternsbroughtfromEuropebytheearlyimmigrants,but,sincetimberwasthemosteasilyobtainedmaterial,boardedwallsandshingleroofslargelyreplacedbricksandtiles.Lately,differentregionshaveevolvedtheirownmethodsofhousebuildingtosuitlocalconditions;forinstance,alowramblinghousewithwidelyspreadingeaves,istypicalofthePacificcoast.Inaddition,theplanofthehousehasbeguntochangeastheAmericanwayoflifehasdivergedmoreandmorefromtheEuropean.Housesarelessformal,androomsmergeoneintotheother,providingmorespaceforgeneralfamilylifeandfewerroomsforspecialpurposes.20.單選題They（）outbecausethelightison.問題1選項A.mustn’thavegoneB.maynothavegoneC.cannothavegoneD.needn’thavegone第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】虛擬語氣。根據句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，后面應該是肯定的推測，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A選項musthavegone“一定是”，表示對過去肯定的推測；B選項shouldhavegone和C選項oughttohavegone都表示“本來應該去而未去”；D選項couldhavegone表示“本來能夠去而沒去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。2.【答案】A【解析】考查副詞用法。句意：enough修飾名詞時放名詞前，如：Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修飾形容詞或副詞時放形容詞或副詞后，如：Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本題的正確答案是A選項。句意：我找不到足夠大的大衣，所以我拿了這一件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。3.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項insect“昆蟲，卑鄙的人”；B選項human“人，人類”；C選項inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D選項flight“飛行，班機”。句意：在去北京的途中，我們參觀了有200萬人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了兩天。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。4.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：這篇文章的主旨是？這文章全文是關于“密碼”。文章第一段就出現了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何選擇既安全又簡單易記的密碼。后面的內容對這個問題做出了回答，所以選項D“如何選擇一個安全方便的密碼”正確。A選項“如何通過密碼加強安全性”，是文章第五段的主要內容。B選項“如何選擇一個容易記住的密碼”，是文章第六段的主要內容。C選項“如何防止你的密碼被破解”，是文章第三，四段的主要內容。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。2.事實細節題。題干：為什么我們不能用一個在任何字典里都能找到的詞作為密碼呢?由題干定位到第四段第三、四、五句話Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.（最后，不要使用任何詞典中都能找到的詞，即使是外語詞典。巨大的列表是可用的，包含單詞，地名，和來自所有的語言的專有名稱。比較簡單的計算機程序能夠很快地破譯這類密碼，比如它們是倒寫、大寫還是組合。），所以本題B選項“因為計算機程序可以破解它”，符合題意。A選項“因為電腦黑客很容易記住它”，是因為容易被破解所以不能用，并沒有提到是否容易記憶，A選項排除。C選項“因為電腦黑客會下定決心破解它”，文章提到是有程序可以破解，而不是黑客會下決心破解，所以C選項不符合題意。D選項“因為單詞表是如此之大以至于單詞不容易記住”，在文中并沒有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。3.推理判斷題。如果你正在為你的電腦選擇一個密碼，以下哪個是最好的選擇?根據第四段第一句話Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.（另外，如果可能的話，不要使用完全由字母或數字組成的密碼。），可排除A和B選項。這篇文章的最后一句講到Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.（無論你決定選擇什么密碼，不要采用上面提到的任何一個例子。），而C選項正是文章所給的例子，所以排除。所以只有D選項，有不同種類的符號、數字、橫線等的組合，才是最好的選擇。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。4.推理判斷題。題干：如何選擇既安全又容易記憶的密碼呢？根據文章第七段Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter（還有建議就是使用兩個簡短的單詞，并用標點符號將它們連接起來），可知D選項“用兩個簡短的單詞連上一個標點符號”，符合題意。根據文章第六段第二句Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.（有人建議你用最喜歡的書或電影的標題，或一首歌曲或一首詩的臺詞，把每個單詞的首字母作為你的密碼，加上大寫字母、標點符號或其他字符。），可知，A選項“選你最喜歡的書或電影的名字”和B選項“從你最喜歡的歌或詩中選取一句”，都不全面，選擇書或者電影名字會容易被程序破解，所以B，C都不正確。C選項“編了一個在任何字典里都找不到的無意義的詞”，隨便編出來的沒有意義的詞會很容易忘記，所以C選項排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。5.推理判斷題。題干：第二段的“Given”，可以由單詞________替代。由題干定位到第二段Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?（據估計，在10年內，消費者可能要處理100多個密碼！考慮到密碼的流行，你如何選擇一個足夠復雜的安全而又足夠簡單的記憶密碼呢?），A選項“確定，固定”，B選項“授予，允許”，C選項“假定，設想”，D選項“提出，提供”。文章是對10年后情況的推測，所以應該選擇C選項符合題意。5.【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞。動詞desert和主語explorer是被動關系，B選項havingdesert“拋棄”表示主動，所以B選項排除，C選項tohavebeendeserted和D選項tobedeserted都表示“將要被拋棄”，A選項havingbeendeserted相當于whohadbeendeserted，用來修飾explorer，表示現在已經被拋棄。句意：那位探險家被向導遺棄后，要找到穿過叢林的路似乎沒有什么希望了。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。6.【答案】能源部長查爾斯?亨得利上周宣布，將钚轉化為MOX（混合氧化物燃料）仍然在計劃中，但是只有在能負擔得起和有收益的情況下，才會建造一項新的30億英磅（47億美元）的工廠。盡管乍一看，這在財政上似乎是謹慎的，但與最近發生的其他事件相結合，就開始顯得荒謬了。就在幾周前，NDA（核退役管理局）回應了政府自己提出的考慮如何處理庫存的請求，建議制造MOX的成本大于其作為燃料的價值。因此，最經濟實惠的計劃將是繼續儲存钚，直到有地質處理設施可以將其埋在地下為止。那么到底發生了什么？為了弄清這一切，《自然》透過英國核工業的鏡子審視了這一切。7.【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項onoccasion“間或，有時”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有時，這給銀行造成麻煩。)；B選項onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地來這里看你。)；C選項oncondition“在……條件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D選項onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首時，后面主句的主謂語要倒裝，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老師的允許，學生才可以進這屋。)。四個選項中只有C選項oncondition后面跟that從句，表示“在……條件下”。句意：他向我借錢，我同意了，但條件是下周還錢。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。8.【答案】C【解析】考查時態。題干中有關鍵的時間狀語untilthen以及forsixmonths提示謂語動詞的動作延續到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時，表示過去已經發生的事情。句意：直到那時，他家里已經六個月沒收到他的來信了。A選項didn'’hear,一般過去時只表示過去發生的事情或存在的狀態,不能與時間狀語forsixmonths，A選項排除，連用.B)hasn’tbeenhearing,現在完成進行時表示過去某時刻繼續到現在或現在還在進行的動作,與題意不符。C選項hasn’theard，現在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現在為止發生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現在時間。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。由選項意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項符合句意。9.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項propel“推進，驅使”，B選項pick“挑選，采摘”，pickover“擇優，分檔挑選”；C選項postpone“延遲，緩辦”；D選項preside“主持”，presideover“主持，負責”。句意：會議由市長主持，討論城市稅收增加問題。由選項意思和固定搭配可知，D選項符合句意。10.【答案】經常收發短信和電子郵件會降低你的IQ，其損害程度甚至是吸食大麻對智力損害程度的兩倍多。心理學家發現人們在使用手機或電腦鍵盤打字或者用它們查詢電子信息時，智力會暫時降低10個百分點。英國研究人員稱，與吸食大麻相比，電子信息對智力的不利影響大的多。人在吸食大麻時智商會降低4個百分點。研究人員將這種暫時變笨的現象稱為“信息狂躁”。關于剝奪睡眠的研究表明因為癡迷于電子產品而造成的智力衰退相當于一夜失眠。造成這種智力明顯衰退的原因在于當員工們應該集中精力工作時，“無處不在”的科技卻總是不斷分散他們的注意力。信息狂躁是指他們的意識近乎一直處于一種隨時對“技術”做出反應的狀態，因而無法將注意力集中在手頭的工作上。11.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項discharge“準許（某人）離開，釋放，排出”；B選項release“釋放，發泄，免除”；C選項issue“發行，發布”；D選項publish“出版，發表，公布”。句意：政府頒布條例來保護這個考古遺址。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。12.【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項approveto“批準，贊成”，B選項attract“吸引”，一般沒有“attractto”這樣的用法，可以用attractsb.todosth.或者sb.isattractedtodosth.，C選項appall“使膽寒，使大吃一驚”，一般不和介詞to搭配；D選項appealsto“呼吁，吸引，要求”。句意：在那里度過余生的想法從來沒有吸引過我。由選項意思和固定搭配可知，D選項符合句意。13.【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項，沒有callsth.intoplay的搭配，B選項callsthtomind“想起，記起”；C選項，沒有callsth.toattention的搭配，callattentiontosth.“提醒，喚起注意”D選項callsth.intoaction“將某事付諸行動”。句意：吉姆不得不使出渾身解數來擊敗他的網球對手。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。14.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項refresh“振作，恢復活力”；B選項restore“恢復，修復”，強調恢復原貌；C選項renovate“更新，修復”，強調整修一新；D選項renew“使更新，使修復”。句意：為了使大教堂恢復昔日的輝煌，進行了大量的工作。由選項意思和句意可知，B選項符合句意。15.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項maximize“最大化，極大”；B選項thrive“繁榮，興旺，茁壯成長”；C選項erect“豎立，建造，創立”；D選項recruit“征募，聘用”。句意：為了現在的生存和未來的繁榮，所有的員工必須不斷地為企業的各個方面創造新的想法。由選項意思和句意可知，B選項符合句意。16.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項succession“繼任，繼承”；B選項descendant“后代，晚輩”；C選項descent“下降，血統，襲擊”；D選項successor“繼承人”。根據individual可知，空格處應填入某一或某類人物，故A、C選項不符合題意，排除。successor一般是說某個家庭的繼承人，而descendant泛指人類的子孫后代，所以本題選B更加貼切。句意：總的來說，輻射的危害可以分為對輻射接收者本人的影響以及對其子孫后代的影響。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。17.【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在itis+表示要求、建議、必要、命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語從句的結構中。句子使用虛擬語氣。其結構是“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略，且此處表示被動。本句句型是：Itisrequestedbysbthat…，所以句子要用虛擬語氣。句意：飯店管理部門懇請客人晚上11點以后不要打開收音機。所以本題選擇C選項正確。18.【答案】A【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項intheway“擋道，礙事，妨礙某人”；B選項aftertheway英語里沒有這樣的短語。C選項ontheway“在途中，在路上，從某種程度上來說”；D選項bytheway“順便說說，順便問一下”，句意：他以為他在幫我們準備晚餐，其實根本不是這么回事。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。19.【答案】在美國，房屋隨著社會習俗的改變而改變。起初，美國的房屋仿效早期移民從歐洲帶來的模式。但由于木材是最容易獲得的材料，木板墻和木瓦屋頂大量取代了磚塊和瓦。最近，不同的地區發展出了適合當地條件的房屋建造方法；例如，布局凌亂的低矮房子有著散開的屋檐，是典型的太平洋海岸建筑。此外，隨著美國人的生活方式越來越不同于歐洲人，住宅的規劃也開始改變。住宅不那么正式，房間相互融合，為一般家庭生活提供了更多的空間，特殊用途的空間也變少了。20.【答案】C【解析】考查情態動詞辨析。表示推測時，肯定形式用must，否定形式用can’t一般表示對事實有根據的否定推測。如：Hecan’tbeinthehouse；hewentouthalfanhourago．（他不可能在家，半小時前他就出去了。）can后接動詞的完成時態表示某人可能已經做了某事或某事已發生，或者由虛擬語氣延伸而表示“能而未”。如：Wherecanhehavegone?（他能去哪兒了呢？）Manywomencouldhavehadverygoodpositionsinsociety，buttheypreferredtostayathometakingcareoftheirfamilies．（許多婦女都能在社會上找到很好的工作，但她們寧愿呆在家里，照顧家人。），A選項mustn’thavegone“禁止出去”；mustnot表示禁止，語氣強硬，一般情況下后面不跟動詞的完成時態，B選項maynothavegone“可能沒出去”；C選項cannothavegone“不可能出去”；D選項needn’thavegone“不需要出去”。句意：燈還開著，他們_____。由“燈還開著”可以推斷出，他們不可能出去了，一定還在家，所以本題的正確答案是C選項。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題（）isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.問題1選項A.ThatmathematicsB.WhatmathematicsC.WheremathematicsD.Mathematics2.單選題Thescentofherperfume（）onintheclassroom.問題1選項A.continuedB.lingeredC.coveredD.existed3.單選題Thissortofrudebehaviorinpublichardly（）apersoninyourposition.問題1選項A.becomesB.fitsC.supportsD.improves4.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Manybelievethatscienceismerelyacollectionoffacts,thatitdevelopsbythegatheringofthesefactsandslowlyapproachesthetruthaboutnature.Accordingtothisview,theso-calledscientificmethodisthebasisforscientificdevelopment.Thescientificmethodissaidtohavethreesteps.Thefirststepisthatofcarefulobservation—ofteninvolveslookingforrelationshipsamongdifferentkindsofevents.Ifaspecificrelationshipseemstobetrueinanumberofcases,withoutanyexceptions,thenitmaybehypothesizedthattherelationshipholdsingeneral.Thesecondstepofthescientificmethodmaybetheformulationofsuchageneralhypothesis.Oritmaybeanattempttoexplainphenomenabytheorizingtheexistenceofadeeperreality.Thethirdstep,thetestingofthetheory,mayinvolvefurtherexperimentaltestingofhypothesizedrelationships.Oritmaybeexperimentalverificationofnewphenomenapredictedbyanewtheory.5.單選題Laboratorytestsgaveconclusive（）thatthemeatpresentsnorisktohumanhealth.問題1選項A.possibilityB.newsC.proofD.fact6.單選題Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens’commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsofhardwork:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.Couldthe“dependencyculture”currentlyexcercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thegenerosityofwhatthereportterms“encompassing”states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain’slittlebenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.6.“Work-shycitizens”inthelastsentenceofparagraph1probablyreferstopeoplewhoare（）.7.Fromparagraph2,welearnthat（）.8.Britonsareunmotivatedintheirworkmainlydueto（）.9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?問題1選項A.incompetentfortheirworkB.ashamedoftheirworkC.unwillingtodotheirworkD.irresponsiblefortheirwork問題2選項A.Britons’averagewageisthelowestinEuropeB.BritonsrelyheavilyongovernmentwelfaresC.BritonspreferleisuretoworkD.Britonsarenotenthusiasticinwork問題3選項A.weakworkethicB.insufficientworkskillsC.lazylifestyleD.defectivewelfaresystem問題4選項A.AmericansareprobablylessinterestedintheirworkthanBritons.B.NorwegiansexceedBritonsinprofessionaleducation.C.PeopleinNordiccountriesaremorecommittedtotheirworkthanGermans.D.Thewelfareof“encompassing”statesmightbebetterthanthatof“corporatist”states.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?問題5選項A.AttitudetoWork:DiligentorIdle?B.AttitudetoWork:Can’torWon’t?C.WelfareSystem:StimulatororInhibitor?D.WelfareSystem:MoreGenerousorMoreReasonable?7.單選題Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.問題1選項A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious8.單選題Look,weareinsuchanawfulsituation.I’dratheryou（）thedatafromtheInternetyesterday.問題1選項A.hadn’tdownloadedB.didn’tdownloadC.weren’tdownloadingD.haven’tdownloaded9.單選題Traditionally,localmidwiveswould（）allthebabiesinthearea.問題1選項A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help10.單選題Adrunkmanwalkedin,（）bothinappearanceandodor.問題1選項A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed11.單選題Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.問題1選項A.distinctionB.differenceC.separationD.discrimination12.單選題They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.問題1選項A.enclosureB.restrictionC.blockadeD.prohibition13.單選題Thetoneofthearticle（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.問題1選項A.reproducedB.reflectedC.imaginedD.imitated14.單選題Thebook（）wasnotintheschoollibrary.問題1選項A.towhichtheprofessorreferredusB.towhichtheprofessorreferredtousC.whichtheprofessorreferredusD.whichtheprofessorreferredtous15.單選題Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.問題1選項A.refreshedB.beingrefreshedC.havingrefreshedD.havingbeenrefreshed16.寫作題WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:SupposeyouareinterestedinbeingavisitingscholaratNewYorkUniversity,theUnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtolearnatthatuniversity.17.單選題Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketinwhichdealersinbills,notes,andotherformsofshorttermcreditcanbuyandsell.The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.Theneedforsuchfacilitiesarisesinmuchthesamewaythatasimilarneeddoesinconnectionwiththedistributionofanyoftheproductsofadiversifiedeconomytotheirfinalusersattheretaillevel.Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers,hemusthaveactivecontactswithotherswhospecializeinmakingorhandlingbulkquantitiesofwhateverishisstockintrade.Themoneymarketismadeupofspecializedfacilitiesofexactlythiskind.Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices—commercialbanks,savingsinstitutions,investmenthouses,lendingagencies,andevengovernments—todotheirjob.Ithaslittleifanycontactwiththeindividualsorfirmswhomaintainaccountswiththesevariousretailersorpurchasetheirsecuritiesorborrowfromthem.Theelementalfunctionsofamoneymarketmustbeperformedinanykindofmoderneconomy,evenonethatislargelyplannedorsocialist,butthearrangementsinsocialistcountriesdonotordinarilytaketheformofamarket.Moneymarketsexistincountriesthatusemarketprocessesratherthanplannedallocationstodistributemostoftheirprimaryresourcesamongalternativeuses.Thegeneraldistinguishingfeatureofamoneymarketisthatitreliesuponopencompetitionamongthosewhoarebulksuppliersoffundsatanyparticulartimeandamongthoseseekingbulkfunds,toworkoutthebestpracticabledistributionoftheexistingtotalvolumeofsuchfunds.Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.Thecharacteristicsofthesemiddlemen,theservicestheyperform,andtheirrelationshiptootherpartsofthefinancialsystemvarywidelyfromcountrytocountry.Inmanycountriesthereisnosinglemeetingplacewherethemiddlemengettogether,yetinmostcountriesthecontactsamongallparticipantsaresufficientlyopenandfreetoassureeachsupplieroruseroffundsthathewillgetorpayapricethatfairlyreflectsalloftheinfluences(includinghisown)thatarecurrentlyaffectingthewholesupplyandthewholedemand.Innearlyallcases,moreover,theunifyingforceofcompetitionisreflectedatanygivenmomentinacommonprice(thatis,rateofinterest)forsimilartransactions.Continuousfluctuationsinthemoneymarketratesofinterestresultfromchangesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarketandinthepullofcurrentdemandsuponthemarket.1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.2.Accordingtothispassage,themoneymarket（）.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmoneymarketisNOTTRUEaccordingtothispassage?4.Theauthorusestheexampleofmiddlementoshow（）.5.Accordingtothispassage,（）.問題1選項A.thedefinitionofmoneymarketB.theconstitutionofamoneymarketC.thebasicfunctionsofamoneymarketD.thegeneralfeatureofamoneymarket問題2選項A.providesconvenientservicestoitscustomersB.hasclosecontactwiththeindividualsorfirmsseekingfundsC.maintainsaccountswithvariousretailersoffinancialservicesD.ismadeupofinstitutionswhichspecializeinhandlingwholesalemonetarytransactions問題3選項A.Moneymarketdoesnotexistinplannedeconomies.B.Moneymarkethasbeenestablishedinsomesocialistcountries.C.Moneymarketencouragesopencompetitionamongbulksuppliersoffunds.D.Moneymarketreliesuponmarketprocessestodistributefundstofinalusers.問題4選項A.markettransactionsareimportantindifferentcountriesB.dealersareneededindoingbusinessC.middlemencanplaygreatroleindifferenttransactionsanddifferentcountries.D.middlemenindifferentcountrieshavedifferentactionsinbusiness.問題5選項A.brokersusuallyperformthesamekindsofservicestotheircustomersB.brokershavelittlecontactwitheachotherC.opencompetitiontendstoresultinacommonpriceforsimilartransactionsatanygivenmomen