Unit4-Spaceexploration單元綜合能力測評卷時間：100分鐘滿分：120分第一部分閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AItseemswecan'tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA'smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration,andthatnumberwillgrowwiththeUSA'sdecisiontosendamantoMarsin2037.We'veseenallthereistoseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Headingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.At200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines(核潛艇)wouldimplode(內爆)beforetheyreach1kmdown.At3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean—there'sagoodchancethatyou'lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest-divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,deep-watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4,000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrocksofMarsbetterthanhumans.They'reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan'tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy.Perhapsnowit'stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction(科幻小說).Theadventureofthedeepseaissciencefact.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A．Bluewhaleslivethere.B．Noonehaseverbeenthere.C．Peopleareterrifiedbythesightofit.D．ItisthedeepestknownlocationonEarth.2．Whydoweneedtoexplorethesea?A．Seaexplorationischeaperthaneverbefore.B．Wehaveexploredlessthan5%ofthesea.C．Itwillhelpimproveourfuturelife.D．Itwillbenefitspaceexploration.3．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A．It'ssurprising.B．It'snowonder.C．It'sworrying.D．It'snosuccess.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A．Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B．Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C．Humans'successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D．Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.BWhatareyourretirementplans?Keepworking?Getmoreexercise?Orlearnsomethingnew?Youmayput_them_on_hold.There'sachancethat,soonerorlater,youmighthavetomovefurtherthanyouwerethinking,asfarasMars.OnThursday,NationalGeographicwillshowthefirst-everMarsshowhome,givingearthlings(地球人)anideaofwhattheirlifecouldlooklikeontheRedPlanet.Inthenot-so-distantyearof2037,theigloo-shapedstructurecouldbethehomeofyourfuture.Itshowsahousebuiltusingrecycledspacecraft(航天器)partsandMartiansoil,calledregolith,whichhasbeenmicrowavedintobricks.Somepartsofthehomearerecognizable—akitchen,abedroom—buttherearefundamentaldifferencesthatareimportanttohumansurvival.AstheMartianatmosphereisaroundonehundredthasthickastheEarth's,peoplewillneedpermanent(永久的)shelterfromthesun;societywillmovelargelyindoors.Mostbuildingswillbeconnectedbyundergroundpassagesandthehouseswon'thavewindows.Thehomeswillhavesimulatedsolarlighting,ornaturallightthathasbeenbentseveraltimes.Wallswillneedtobe10to12feetthicktoprotectpeoplefromdangerousrays(光線)thatcanpassthroughsixfeetofsteel,andadoubleair-lockedentrancetokeepthehomeunderproperpressure.“Wedon'tthinkofourhousesasthingsthatkeepusalive,butonMarsyourhousewillbeasurvivalcentre，”saysStephenPetranek,authorofHowWe'llLiveonMars.Thisisnotjustthestuffofsci-fi.“10to20yearsfromnowtherewillcertainlybepeopleonMars，”Petraneksays.“We'vehadthetechnologyfor30yearstolandpeopleonMars,butwehaven'thadthewill，”Petraneksays.Buttwomainfactorshave“completelyswungpublicattitudes”．Theprivatecompanies'participationhasforcedgovernmentagenciestospeeduptheirgame,andinfluentialfilmssuchasGravityandTheMartianhavecaughtsociety'seye.5．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“putthemonhold”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Putthemoff.B．Givethemaway.C．Carrythemthrough.D．Takethemseriously.6．Whatcanweknowabouttheshowhomefromthetext?A．Ithasnowindowsordoorsduetosecurityconcern.B．Itsdesignpresentstheideaofenvironmentalprotection.C．Ithasthickwallskeepingthehomeunderproperpressure.D．Itsundergroundpassagesconnectallthebuildingstogether.7．AccordingtoPetranek,whathasspeduptheprocessofsendingpeopletoMars?A．ThegreatinfluenceoftheMarsshowhome.B．Thedevelopmentofrelatedtechnology.C．Thecompetitionfromprivatecompanies.D．ThepopularityofinfluentialbooksonMars.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．LivingonMars:PossibleorNotB．SendingPeopletoMars:YesorNoC．First-everShowHome:HowIsItMadeD．FutureHomeonMars:WhatWillItBeLikeCSatellitesareanimportantpartofourordinarylives.Forexample，theinformationforweatherforecastsissentbysatellites.Somesatelliteshavecameraswhichtakephotographsoftheearthtoshowhowcloudsaremoving.Satellitesarealsousedtoconnectourinternationalphonecalls.ComputerconnectionsoftheWorldWideWebandInternetalsousesatellites.ManyofourTVprogramscometousthroughsatellites.Airplanepilotsalsosometimesuseasatellitetohelpthemfindtheirexactlocation.Weusesatellitestosendtelevisionpicturesfromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Theyareusually35,880kilometersabovetheequator.Sometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplace.Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11,000kilometersanhour—exactlythesamespeedastheearthrotates(旋轉)at.Asatellitemustorbittheearthwithitsantennae(天線)facingtheearth.Sometimes，itmovesawayfromitsorbit.Sotherearelittlerocketsonitwhichareusedtoputthesatellitebackintherightposition.Thisusuallyhappensabouteveryfiveorsixdays.Spaceisnotempty！Everyweek，moreandmoresatellitesaresentintospacetoorbittheearth.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10－12years.Satelliteswhicharebrokenaresometimesrepairedbyastronautsorsometimesbroughtbacktotheearthtoberepaired.Often，veryoldorbrokensatellitesareleftinspacetoorbittheearthforaverylongtime.Thisisveryseriousbecausesomesatellitesusenuclearpowerandtheycancrashintoeachother.9．What'sthespeedtheearthrotatesat?A．35,880kilometersperhour.B．335,880kilometersperhour.C．11,000kilometersperhour.D．110,000kilometersperhour.10．WhichofthefollowingisNOTdonebysatellitesaccordingtothepassage?A．Sendinginformationforweatherforecasts.B．Takingphotographsoftheearth.C．SendingTVpictures.D．Providingfoodforairplanepilots.11．Whichistrueofsatellites?A．Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10－12years.B．Everytimeasatellitegetsbroken，itisbroughtbacktotheearthtoberepaired.C．Abrokensatelliteisneverleftinspace.D．Theyoftencrashintoeachother.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthe3rdparagraphreferto?A．Asatellite.B．Alittlerocket.C．Asatelliteseemstostayinthesameplaceinthesky.D．Thesatelliteputstherocketsintherightposition.DTheCentralParkSummerStagehostsdanceandmusiceventsthroughoutthesummer.Manyofthemarefree,whileothersrequiretickets.TheSummerStageisintheopenair,locatedatRumseyPlayfield.EntrancetotheSummerStageareabegins90minutesbeforetheshowsstartonweekends,and60minutesbeforeweeknightperformances.ThingstobringtotheCentralParkSummerStage★Water★Blankets★Picnicdinner★Sunblock/SunhatsfordaytimeshowsThingsnottobringtotheCentralParkSummerStage★Cameras★Glassbottles★Chairs★Skateboards★BikesGoodtoknowabouttheCentralParkSummerStage★Therearenoticketsforfreeevents,butspaceislimitedandavailableona“first-come,first-served”basis.Sometimes,linesformoveranhourbeforethegatesopen.★Thereisaspecialareawherepeoplecanspreadoutblanketsandsitduringtheshow.★Ifyou'reattendingashowduringthedaytime,keepinmindthatthereislittleshade(陰涼處),sosunblockandsunhatsarenecessary.Also,drinkplentyofwatertoavoidgettingdehydrated(脫水的)．★Foodisallowed.AndyoucanordereverythingfromtheParkShop.Butremembertotakeawayyourrubbish,otherwiseyou'llbefined.★Ifyouwanttogetintoeventsmoreeasily,payforSummerStageMembership(會員資格)whichoffersmembersthefast-trackentrancetoshowsandseatsonthebleachers(露天看臺)．★Ifyou'renotintocrowdsandaresatisfiedwithjusthearingthemusic,thereisplentyofspaceonthegrassoutsideoftheCentralParkSummerStagearea.★Formoreinformation,followSummerSonFacebook.13．Ifashowbeginsat8：00p．m.onSunday,peoplestarttoenterat________.A．6：00p．m. B．6：30p．m.C．7：00p．m. D．7：30p．m.14．WithSummerStageMembership,you________.A．willgetfreefoodfromtheParkShopB．don'thavetobuyticketsforalleventsC．canbookseatsonthebleachersonlineD．canentertheareafasterthannonmembers15．Whatisthepossibleuseofsunblock?A．Toprotectyoufromthesunlight.B．Tositonwhileenjoyingtheshow.C．Tohelpyouavoidgettingdehydrated.D．Tohelpyouseeclearlyinthesunlight.第二節(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Weallhaveplanstoachievesuccessinlife,butwhatwearelackingisthemotivationthatkeepsusgoingtoputplansintoaction.Herearethewaysthatcaneffectivelyeasetheproblem.16Justgrababook,especiallyaninspirationalbookorabookofsuccessstories.Youcanlearnfromothersandthestorywillmotivateyoutomoveaheadwithyourplans.Italsomakesyourefocusyourenergyonyourgoalsratherthantheproblemsathand.Thinkofyourpurpose.17Yourpurposecouldbetoimprovethelifeofothers,orhelppeopletodothingsmoreefficiently.Thinkingofyourpurposeisanimportantwaytomotivateyou.Talktoasupportivefriend.Talkingtoasupportivefriendwouldbeabletoovercometheproblemoflackingmotivation.Findsomeonethatyouarecomfortablewithandshareyourproblemswithhim.18Gothroughyourgoalsdaily.Preparealistofgoalsthatyouwanttoachieveandgothroughyourgoalsatleastonceaday.19Bydoingthis,yourefreshyourmindwiththegoalsyouhavesetforyourself.Doitatonce.Anotherwayistogetstartedwithwhatyouneedtodo.__20__Butbyforcingyourselftojustdoit,you'llprobablymakeprogresslittlebylittleandwithoutrealizingit,youhaveactuallyfinishedthetaskonhand.A．Readabook.B．Seeamotivationalfilm.C．Youshouldhaveplanstoachievesuccess.D．Afterit,youwillfeelrechargedandre-energized.E．Thinkofwhyyouwanttoachievewhatyouwant.F．Sometimesyoudon'tfeellikedoingwhatyouwanttodo.G．Youneedtodothisevenmoreifyoufeeldownandhavenomotivation.第二部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Anoldmanlivedinanicehousewithalargegarden.Hetookcareofhis__21__allthetime,wateringandfertilizingthem.Onedayayoungmanwentbythe__22__.Helookedatthebeautifulflowers,imagininghowhappyhecouldbe__23__helivedinsuchabeautifulplace.Then,suddenlyhefoundtheoldgardenerwas__24__.Hewasverysurprisedaboutthisandasked,“Youcan'tseetheseflowers.__25__areyoubusytakingcareofthemeveryday？”Theoldmansmiledandsaid,“Icantellyoufour__26__.First,IwasagardenerwhenIwasyoung,andIreallylikethisjob.Second,__27__Ican'tseetheseflowers,Icantouchthem.__28__，Icansmellthesweetnessofthem.Astothelastone,that's__29__.”“Me?Butyoudon'tknowme，”saidtheyoungman.“Yeah,it's__30__thatIdon'tknowyou.ButIknowthatflowersareangelsthateverybody__31__.Weenjoythehappinesstheseflowershavebroughtus.”Theblindman'sworkopenedoureyes,and__32__ourhearts,whichalsomadehislife__33__.ItwasjustlikeBeethoven,whobecamedeafinhislaterlifeandwrotemanygreatmusicalworks.Beethovenhimselfcouldn't__34__hiswonderfulmusic,buthismusichas__35__millionsofpeopletofacetheirdifficultiesbravely.Isn'titonekindofhappiness?21．A.flowers B．treesC．vegetables D．grass22．A.balcony B．kitchenC．garden D．study23．A.after B．asC．before D．if24．A.blind B．famousC．smart D．friendly25．A.What B．WhoC．Why D．Which26．A.stories B．reasonsC．excuses D．conclusions27．A.although B．sinceC．because D．unless28．A.First B．SecondC．Third D．Fourth29．A.me B．youC．mymother D．myson30．A.true B．hardC．cool D．fair31．A.greets B．doubtsC．meets D．knows32．A.broke B．hurtC．pleased D．treated33．A.emptier B．busierC．luckier D．happier34．A.write B．hearC．play D．believe35．A.changed B．affectedC．discovered D．encouraged第二節(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。World-famousphysicistStephenHawkinghasdiedattheageof76.Hedied36.____________(peaceful)athishomeinCambridgeintheearly37.____________(hour)ofWednesday.Hawkingwasknown38.____________thepublicforhisworkwithblackholesandrelativity，andwroteseveralpopularsciencebooksincludingABriefHistoryofTime.Attheageof22，Prof.Hawking39.____________(give)onlyafewyearstoliveafterdoctorsdeclaredthathesufferedfromararedisease.Theillnesslefthiminawheelchairandhewas40.____________(able)tospeakexceptthroughavoicesynthesizer(合成器)．Prof.Hawkingwasthefirst41.____________(set)outatheoryofcosmology(宇宙學)explainedbyaunionofthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics.Healsodiscoveredthatblackholes42.____________(leak)energyandfadetonothing—aphenomenonthatwould43.____________(late)becomeknownasHawkingradiation.ThroughhisworkwithmathematicianSirRogerPenrose,heprovedthatEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativitysuggestsspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangand44.____________endinblackholes.Inastatementhischildrenpraisedhis“courageandpersistence”andsaidhis“brillianceandhumour”inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld.Theyadded，“Heoncesaid，‘Itwouldnotbemuchofauniverse45.____________itwasn'thometothepeopleyoulove.’Wewillmisshimforever.”第三部分寫作(共兩節，滿分40分)第一節(滿分15分)假定你是李華，暑假作為交換生在倫敦學習，得知當地美術館要舉辦中國畫展，請寫一封信申請做志愿者(volunteer)。內容包括：1．寫信目的；2．個人優勢；3．期待答復。注意：1．詞數80左右；2．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續寫的詞數應為150左右。Formanyyears,Ihadarecurring(重復出現的)dream.Iwasalittlegirlagain,rushingabout,tryingtogetreadyforschool.“Hurry,you'llbelateforschool，”mymothercalledtome.“Iamhurrying,Mom!WhatdidIdowithmybooks？”DeepinsideIknewwherethedreamcamefrom.Itwasaboutsomeunfinishedbusinessinmylife.Asakid,Ilovedeverythingaboutschool.Ilovedbooks,teachers,testsandhomework.MostofallIlongedtosomedaymarchdowntheaisle(通道)toreceivemydiploma.Thatseemedmoreappealingeventhangettingmarried.Butat15,Ihadtodropoutbecausemyparentscouldn'taffordtuition(學費).Myhopeofgettingadiplomawasdead,orsoIthought.Prettysoon,Imarriedandhadthreechildren,andIthought:“Theregoesmydiploma.”Evenso,Iwantedmychildrentobeeducated.ButLinda,ouryoungestchild,hadjuvenilearthritis(幼年型關節炎)inherhandsandknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertofunctioninanormalclassroom.IfeltreallysorryforherandIdidn'twanthertoliveherlifewithregret.Ididn'tgiveuphopeofherbeingbacktoschoolinsomeway.Oneday,Isawanadinthenewspaperforeveningcourses.“That'stheanswer，”Isaidtomyself.Lindaalwaysfeelsbetterintheevening,soI'lljustsignherupfornightschool.Lindawasbusyfillingoutenrollment(入學)formswhenthesecretarysaid:“Mrs.Schantz,whydon'tyoucomebacktoschool？”Ilaughed:“There'snoway!I'm55！”Buthepersisted,andbeforeIknewwhatIhaddone,IwasenrolledforclassesinEnglishandcrafts.“Thisisonlyanexperiment，”Iwarnedhim,buthejustsmiled.So,Itoldmyselftotryforjustasemesterandtoseeifitwouldwork.Anyway,mydreamwasstillthereinmyheart.Paragraph1：Itwasexcitingtogotoschoolagainbut_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:LindaandIsaweachotherthroughthetime._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________