2019年6月全國大學生英語四級考試真題第二套（卷二）Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavisittoaHopeelementaryschoolorganizedbyyourStudentUnion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan]80words.ListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard..A)Heavyfloods.B)Safetyconcerns.C)Badeconomy.D)Workers'strikes..A)Itiscompetitivewithitsnumeroustouristdestinations.B)ItprovidesmanyjobopportunitiesforFrenchpeople.ItisthebiggestconcernotfheFrenchgovernment.Itplaysanimportantroleinthenation'seconomy.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard..A)Tocarryoutascientificsurvey.B)Toestablishanewresearchstation.C)TorescuetwosickAmericanworkers.D)Todeliverurgentmedicalsupplies..A)Thedarknessandcold.B)Theheavysnowandfog.C)Thebitingwinds.D)Theiceallaround.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

.A)Bytyingittoadoorhandle.B)Byshakingitbackandforth.C)Witharemotecontrolcraft..A)HehaslotsoffansonFacebook..A)Bytyingittoadoorhandle.B)Byshakingitbackandforth.C)Witharemotecontrolcraft..A)HehaslotsoffansonFacebook.C)Heoftensuffersfromtoothaches..A)Spendmoretimetogether.C)Dosomethingfunandcreative.SectionBD)Withafull-sizedhelicopter.B)Hehasrichexperienceinflying.D)Hehaslearnedtopullteethfromavideo.B)Tellthemadventurestories.D)Playwiththeminasafeplace.Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard..A)Toconfirmanurgentappointment.C)Toaskthewomantosignadocument..A)Toconfirmanurgentappointment.C)Toaskthewomantosignadocument..A)Sheisdoingshopping.C)Sheisnotathome..A)Hewillbeoffdutythewholeday.C)Hewillhavetohavehiscarrepaired..A)Signhername.C)Payasmallfee.B)TocollectapackagefromthewomanD)Toarrangethedeliveryofapackage.B)Sheisvisitingafriend.D)Sheisnotfeelingwell.B)Hewillbeworkingsomewhereelse.D)Hewillbetoobusytospareanytime.B)Confirmonline.D)Showupinperson.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard..A)VacationinItaly.C)Throwafarewellparty..A)VacationinItaly.C)Throwafarewellparty..A)Quitesleepy.C)Ratherdepressed..A)Hehastoattendaparty.C)Hehastomakeapresentation.B)Studyabroad.D)GotoafashionshowinMilan.B)Veryexcited.D)Nearlyexhausted.B)Hehastomeetafriend.D)Hehastofinishanassignment.A)Saygoodbyetothewomanattheairport.B)MeetthewomanattheBlackCatCafeC)Drivethweomanttoheairport.D)Havelunchwiththewoman.C)Drivethweomanttoheairport.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Ithaskeptgrowingoverthecenturies.Itstopishiddenincloudsofvolcanicsmoke.Itsheightchangeswitheachevroulcpatnioicn.Ithasarecordedhistoryof1,500years.A)Theyarneowatouristdestination.B)Theyattractalotofbmiridgrsa.tingC)Theyprovideshelttheerfoarmers.D)Theymakegoodfieldsforfarming.A)Theynestonthevolcano'sslopBe)sT.heyfeedoncertainsmallmammals.C)Theycompetewithotheearchforfood.D)Theymatchlargemammalsinstrength.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Heisself-employed.C)Hsetudiestalent.A)Heisself-employed.C)Hsetudiestalent.A)Doingwhattheylikebest.C)Makingnoexcusesforfailures.B)Heisaacadrveiseorr.D)Heownsamagazine.B)Lovingtheworktheydo.D)Followingtheirnaturalinstinct.A)Itdoesnotcometoanythingwithouthardwork.Itmayprovetobequitedifferentfromhardwork.Itisanaturalgiftonlysomespecialpeoplecanpossess.Itdoesnotcometoyouuntilsomethingspecialhappens.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itisabitdifficulttolearn.B)ItwaspopulariZnwaNlaenwd.Itisatraditionaltypeofballet.Itevolvedinthemid-1970s.Itisatraditionaltypeofballet.Itevolvedinthemid-1970s.A)Shewantedhertobeaballetdancer.B)Sheusedtobeaballetdancerherself.Shehatedtoseeheridlingabout.Shewastoobusytolookafterher.Shehatedtoseeheridlingabout.Shewastoobusytolookafterher.24.A)AftershestartedteachingEnglish.24.A)AftershestartedteachingEnglish.B)BeforesheleftforNewZealand.WhenshemovedtoNewYorkcity.Onceshebegantoliveonherown.WhenshemovedtoNewYorkcity.Onceshebegantoliveonherown.25.A)Ithasrenewedherpassionforlife.25.A)Ithasrenewedherpassionforlife.B)Ithasmadeherhappyandenergetic.Ithashelpedhermakenewfriends.Ithasenabledhertostartanewcareer.Ithashelpedhermakenewfriends.Ithasenabledhertostartanewcareer.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Justbecausetheycan'tsingoperaorrideabicycledoesn'tmeanthatanimalsdon'thaveculture.There'snobetterexampleofthisthankillerwhales.Asoneofthemost_26_predators(食肉動物),killerwhalesmaynotfitthe_27_ofaculturedcreature.However,thesebeastsoftheseadodisplayavastrangeofhighly_28_behaviorsthatappeartobedrivingtheirgeneticdevelopment.Theword"culture"comesfromtheLatin"colere,"which_29_means"tocultivate."Inotherwords,itreferstoanythingthatis_30_orlearnt,ratherthaninstinctiveornatural.Amonghumanpopulations,culturenotonlyaffectsthewaywelive,butalsowritesitselfintoourgenes,affectingwhoweare.Forinstance,havingspentmanygenerationshuntingthfeatmarinemammalsotfheArctic,theEskimosofGreenlandhavedevelopedcertaingenetic_31_thathelpthemdigestandutilizethisfat-richdiet,therebyallowingthemto_32_intheircoldclimate.Likehumans,killerwhaleshavecolonizedarangeofdifferent_33_acrosstheglobe,occupyingeveryoceanbasinontheplanet,withanempirethat_34_frompoletopole.Assuch,differentpopulationsofkillerwhaleshavehadtolearndifferenthuntingtechniquesinordertogaintheupperhandoverphey(獵Wl.This,intum,hasamajoreffectontheirdiet,leadingscientiststo_35_thattheabilitytolearnpopulationspecifichuntingmethodscouldbedrivingtheanimals'geneticdevelopment.I)imageA)acquiredI)imageB)adaptationsJ)literallyB)adaptationsJ)literallyD)deliberatelyL)revolvesE)expressedM)speculateF)extendsN)structureG)habitats0)thriveH)humbleC)brutalK)refinedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoicontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.IdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheiYoumaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AmarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnsw2e.rSheetLivingwithparentsedgesoutotherlivingarrangementsfor18-to34-year-oldsA)Broaddemogr印歷《人口的$民缶ismaritalstatus,educationalattainmentandemploymenthavetransformedthewayyoungadultsinthUe.S.areliving,andanewPewResearchCenteranalysishighlightstheimplicationsofthesechangesforthemostbasicelementoftheirliveswheretheycallhome.In2014,forthefirsttimeinmorethan130years,adultsages18to34wereslightlymorelikelytobelivingintheirparents'homethantheyweretobelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold.B)ThisturnofeventsisfueledprimarilybythedramaticdropintheshareofyoungAmericanswhoarechoosingtosettledownromanticallybeforeage35.Datingbackto1880,themostcommonlivingarrangementamongyoungadultshasbeenlivingwitharomanticpartner,whetheraspouseorasignificantother.Thistypeofarrangementpeakedaround1960,when62%ofthenation's18-to34-year-oldswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,andonlyone-in-fivewerelivingwiththeirparents.C)By2014,31.6%ofyoungadultswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,belowthesharelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s)(32.1%).Some14%ofyoungadultslivedalone,wereasingleparentorlivedwithoneormoreroommates.Theremaining22%livedinthehomeofanotherfamilymember(suchasagrandparentn-laworsibling(兄弟姐妹,anon-relativeoringroupquarterdikecollegedormitories.D)It'sworthnotingthattheoverallshareofyoungadultslivingwiththeirparentswasnotatarecordhighin2014.Thisarrangementpeakedaround1940,whenabout35%ofthenation's18-to34-year-oldslivedwithmornand/ordad(comparedwith32%in2014).Whathaschanged,instead,istherelativeshareadoptingdifferentwaysoflivinginearlyadulthood,withthedeclineroofmanticcouplingpushinglivingathometothetopofamuchlessuniformlistoflivingarrangements.Amongyoungadults,livingarrangementsdiffersignificantlybygender.Formenages18to34,livingathomewithmornand/ordadhasbeenthedominantlivingarrangementsince2009,In2014,28%ofyoungmenwerelivingwithaspouseofpartnerintheirownhome,while35%werelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s).Youngwomen,however,arestillmorelikelytobelivingwithaspouseofromanticpartner(35%)thantheyaretobelivingwiththeirparent(s)(29%).In2014,moreyoungwomen(16%)thanyoungmen(13%)wereheadingupahouseholdwithoutaspouseorpartner.Thisismainlybecausewomenaremorelikelythanmentobesingleparentslivingwiththeirchildren.Fortheirpart,youngmen(25%)aremorelikelythanyoungwomen(19%)tobelivinginthehomeofanotherfamilymember,anon-relativeorinsometypeofgroupquarters.Avarietyoffactorscontributetothelong-runincreaseintheshareofyoung.Adultslivingwiththeparents.Thefirstinthepostponementof,ifnotretreatfrom,marriage.Theaverageageoffirstmarriagehasrisensteadilyfordecades.Inaddition,agrowingshareofyoungadultmaybeavoidingmarriagealtogether.ApreviousPewResearchCenteranalysisprojectetdhatasmanyasone-in-fouroftoday'syoungadultmaynevermarry.Whilecohabitation(同居)hasbeenontherise,theoverallshareofyoungadultseithermarriedorlivingwithanunmarriedpartnerhassubstantiallyfallensince1990.Inaddition,trendsinbothemploymentstatusandwageshavelikelycontributedtothegrowingshareofyoungadultswhoarelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s),andthisisespeciallytrueofyoungmen.Employedyoungmenaremuchlesslikelytoliveathomethanyoungmenwithoutajob,andemploymentamongyoungmehnasfallensignificantlyinrecentdecades.Theshareofyoungmenwithjobspeakedaround1960at84%.In2014,only71%of18-to-34-year-oldmenwereemployed.Similarlywithearnings,youngmen'swages(afteradjustingforinflation)havebeenonadownwartdrajectory(軌跡)since1970andfellsignificantlyform2000to2010.Aswageshavefallen,theshareofyoungmenlivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s)hasrisen.Economicfactorsseemtoexplainlessofwhyyoungadultwomenareincreasinglylikelytoliveathome.Generally,youngwomenhavehadgrowingsuccessinthepaidlabormarketsince1960andhencemightincreasinglybeexpectedtobeabetoaffordtoaffordtoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.Forwomen,delayedmarriage-whichisrelated,inpart,tolabormarketoutcomesformenmayexplainmoreoftheincreaseintheirlivinginthefamilyhome.TheGreatRecession(andmodestrecovery)hasalsobeenassociatedwithanincreaseinyoungadultslivingathome.Initiallyinthewakeoftherecession,collegeenrollmentsexpanded,boostingtheranksofyoungadultslivingathome.Andgiventheweakjobopportunitiesfacingyoungadults,livingathomewaspartoftheprivatesafetynethelpyoungadultstoweathertheeconomicstorm.K)Beyondgender,youngadult'slivingarrangementsdifferconsiderablebyeducatwiohnichistiedtofinancialmeans.Foryoungadultswithoutabachelor'sdegree,asof2008livingathomewiththeirparentswasmoreprevalentthanlivingwitharomanticpartner.By2014,36%of18-to34-year-oldswhohadnotcompletedabachelor'sdegreewerelivingwiththeirparent(s)while27%werelivingwithaspouseorpartner.Amongcollegegraduates,in201446%weremarriedorlivingwithapartner,andonly19%werelivingwiththeirparent(s).Youngadultswithacollegedegreehavefaredmuchbetterinthelabormarketthantheirless-educatedcounterparts,whichhasinturnmadeiteasiertoestablishtheirownhouseholds.Unemployedyoungmenaremorelikelytolivewiththeirparentsthantheemployed.In2014,thepercentageofmenaged18to34livingwiththeirparentswasgreaterthanthatoftheirfemalecounterparts.Thepercentageofyoungpeoplewhoaremarriedorlivewithapartnerhasgreatlydecreasedinthepastthreedecadesorso.Aroundthemid-20thcentury,only2p0ercentof18-to34-year-oldlivedintheirparents'home.Youngadultswithacollegedegreefounditeasiertoliveindependentltyhoefirparents.Youngmenarelesslikelytoendupassingleparentsthanyounwgomen.Moreyoungadultwomenlivewiththeirparentsthanbeforeduetodelayedmarriage.Thepercentageofyoungmenwholivewiththeirparentshasgrownduetotheirdecreasedpayinrecentdecades.Theriseinthenumberofcollegestudentsmademoreyoungadultslivewithtphaerirents.45.0nereasonforyoungadultstolivewiththeirparentsisthatgetmarriedlateorstaysinglealltheirlives.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans,womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom.AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership,mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation,withmanysayingthey'restrongerthanmenintermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.Sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessintheUnitedStates?Accordingtothepublic,atleast,it'snotthattheylacktoughness,managementtalentorproperskillsets.It'salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvanceintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs,relativelyfewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen'sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearen'tmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavetodomcounterpartstoprovethemselves.Similarsharessay(ihe^)eElndtor0iteporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintopleadershippositions.Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawillforeseeablefuture,eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.While53continuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture,44%sayit'sonlyamasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitexpecttoseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.WhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCenterTheyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.Whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.Theirfailuresmayhavesomedthoingwitthofamilyduties.D)Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircadrevearncement.WhatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccordingtoA)Personalitytraits.B)Familyresponsibilities.C)Genderbias.D)Lackofvacancies.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?Moreandmorewomenwillsbiotaridnrootmhe.Genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange.Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica'spoliticalstage?A)Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.C)Amajorityofwomenvotingforafemalepresident.D)Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsmasen.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingumpobryethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining.16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countries1914and2014.TheresultsrevealthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Larvianwomen.Meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople."Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanycountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasi