書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意:歐盟國家曾擔(dān)心他們石油供應(yīng)不足。

形容詞辨析。Proficient熟練的，精通的;efficient有效率的，生效的;potential潛在的，可能的;sufficient足夠的，充分的。故D符合句意。

2.單選題

Iamwritingthisathomebecauselastweekmyergonomic(符合人體工程學(xué)的)chairattheofficefellapart,unableanylongertobearmyweight.Iamwritingitonacomputerthatisproppedontopoftwothickbooks,becauseotherwisemyneckwouldbecrickedasIpeeredatthescreen.At1.93mandweighing...well,I’mnotgoingtosaywhatIweigh,butthinksecond-rowrugbyunionforward...Iamnotbuiltforthisworld.WethereforewelcomeanewreportfromProfessorTimHattonattheUniversityofEssex,demonstratingthattheaverageheightofmeninEuropehasincreasedby4inchesinthepastcenturyandintheUKbyawhopping5inches.Asimilarincreaseislikelytohaveoccurredamongwomen:but,becausethestudyisbasedinpartonmilitaryrecords,evidenceisthinnerontheground.

Theproblem,asHattonobserves,isthattheworldhasn’tkeptpacewithourincreasedheight.Ilongagoabandonedbuses—leveringmyselfintoanarrowseatwasimpossible.Airtravelisalsochallenging.IwasinthebackrowofaneasyJetplanerecently,whichhasevenlessspacethananordinaryseat,andwouldhaveendedupwithaseverebackachehaditnotbeenforsomethoughtfulpassengernotturningup,allowingmetorelocatetoanaisleseatwheretheonlydangerisbeinghitbythetrolley.

Smallcarsareimpossible—Ihavetodrivewithmyheadthroughthesunroof.WestEndtheatersarehopelesslycramped.Asbeforeincricketgrounds:Iwouldundernocircumstancespay￡80foraplasticbucketseatataTestmatch,whereIwouldbewedgeduneasilybetweentwoloud,red-trouseredmerchantbankerssippingwarmchampagne.Asforthoseappallingpinebedswithfootboards,usuallyfoundinabsurdlysmallhotelroomswhereIinvariablygetstuckinthetoiletbecausethedoorwon’topenwithmeinside,theyshouldbebannedimmediately.

Ourextraheightgenerallymeansextraweight.USdatashowthatbaseballplayersareonaverage3inchestallerand2stonesheavierthantheywereacenturyago—andthesearethesuperfitguys.OtherdatasuggestordinaryAmericanshaveadded2.54cmand12.6kginthepast50yearsalone.Weareallgiantsnow—orwillbesoon.Asarepresentativeofthisnewbreed,Iwouldsayjustonething:bewaregardenfurniture.Itappearstobemadeforgnomes.Iroutinelyremovepleasant-lookingbutwhollyimpracticalcanechairs,andonce,whileinterviewingtheactressJennySeagrove,snappedthestringsofahammock-typechairinhergarden.Itisnoteasytogetyourintervieweetotakeyouseriouslyafteryourvastbulkhasbeenplungedsuddenlyontotheirmanicuredlawn.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.WhatisthetoneofthewriterwhenheisdepictinghisrecenttravelinaneasyJetplane?

3.Accordingtothecontext,theword“gnomes”(Para.5)mightbe（）.

4.WhathappenedtothewriterwhilehewasinterviewingJennySeagrove?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PoorQualityofChairs

B.TroublewithBeingTall

C.EmbarrassmentofBeingRejected

D.DifficultiesinTakingPlanesandBuses

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Angry.

B.Sarcastic.

C.Humorous.

D.Envious.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleofvastbulk

B.peopleofsmallsizes

C.representativesofAmericans

D.representativesofbaseballplayers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hesuddenlyfelldownonthelawn.

B.Hepretendedtobeveryserious.

C.Hemadeafoolofhimselfonpurpose.

D.Hefailedtofinishhisinterview

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是作者描述自己個(gè)子高，身體重帶來的麻煩，選項(xiàng)A,C,D均為由此帶來的麻煩，選項(xiàng)B概括全面，所以作為標(biāo)題最恰當(dāng)。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“easyjetplane”定位到第二段后半部分，作者提到飛機(jī)上的座位空間比一般的座位要小,如果不是因?yàn)槟澄惑w貼的乘客沒有出現(xiàn)，使我可以坐在靠近過道的座位上，到下飛機(jī)的時(shí)候我可能會(huì)腰酸背痛,唯一的威脅就是會(huì)被手推車撞到。根據(jù)作者的描述可知，這是一種挖苦和嘲諷的語氣。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.作者在上文提到“Weareallgiants...bewaregardenfurniture.”我們現(xiàn)在都是巨人——或者即將成為巨人。但是要注意一件事:當(dāng)心花園家具。說明花園家具不適用于大塊頭的人，那么可以推測，“gnomes”指體型較小的人。選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Itisnoteasytogetyourintervieweetotakeyouseriouslyafteryourvastbulkhasbeenplungedsuddenlyontotheirmanicuredlawn.”在你的巨大身軀突然摔倒在他們修剪整齊的草坪上之后，讓采訪者認(rèn)真對(duì)待你就不容易了。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

3.單選題

Asautomationbecamepopularinmostfactories,laborwasmade（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disincentive

B.redundant

C.diverse

D.discontent

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。disincentive妨礙活動(dòng)的；redundant因人員過剩而被解雇的，多余的；diverse不同的，多種多樣的；discontent不滿的。句意:隨著自動(dòng)化在大多數(shù)工廠的普及，勞動(dòng)力被了。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Fromthiscoursethestudentsshould（

）someusefulknowledgeinpoliticalscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.require

B.demand

C.enquire

D.acquire

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。require“要求，需要，想要”；demand“要求，請(qǐng)求，需要”；enquire“打聽，詢問”；acquire“獲得，取得”。句意：通過這節(jié)課，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該掌握一些與政治科學(xué)相關(guān)的實(shí)用知識(shí)。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Theambassadorwasgiventhebookasatokenofthegovernment’sregardforhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anestimation

B.amemento

C.ashare

D.apreview

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。token表示“象征，代表”；A項(xiàng)estimation“尊重，估計(jì)”，B項(xiàng)memento“紀(jì)念品”，C項(xiàng)share“份額，股份”，D項(xiàng)preview“預(yù)覽”。句意：大使被授予此書，表示政府對(duì)他的關(guān)心。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

7.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shedidn’tdoanythinginparticular.

B.ShesendawoundedpersontotheER.

C.ShehadtoworkintheER.

D.Shewentskiing.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Didyoudoanythingovertheweekend?

M:Notmuch.Whatdidyoudo?

W:Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER.

Q:Whatdidthewomandoovertheweekend?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER(我本打算去滑雪，但不得不在設(shè)備間工作)。

7.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)refresh“振作，恢復(fù)活力”；B選項(xiàng)restore“恢復(fù)，修復(fù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)恢復(fù)原貌；C選項(xiàng)renovate“更新，修復(fù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整修一新；D選項(xiàng)renew“使更新，使修復(fù)”。句意：為了使大教堂恢復(fù)昔日的輝煌，進(jìn)行了大量的工作。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.翻譯題

“Intelligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstruct—themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild'scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.

【答案】“智力”充其量只是一個(gè)假設(shè)性的概念,因?yàn)橹橇Φ暮x從來就是模糊的。人們對(duì)智力所指的不同表現(xiàn),比對(duì)這些表現(xiàn)如何解釋或分類,看法更為一致,但是一般認(rèn)為智力好的人是能夠迅速領(lǐng)會(huì)思想、區(qū)分事物、進(jìn)行邏輯推理并運(yùn)用文字和數(shù)車符號(hào)來解決問題的人。智力測驗(yàn)只是粗略衡量一個(gè)兒童的學(xué)習(xí)能力,尤其是學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)校所要求的不同知識(shí)的能力。智力測驗(yàn)并不測定人的品格、社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力、身體耐力、手工技能或藝術(shù)才能。批評(píng)智力測試不反映上述情況,就猶如批評(píng)溫度計(jì)不測風(fēng)速一樣。既然對(duì)智力的評(píng)估是比較而言的,那么我們就必須確保在對(duì)我們的對(duì)象迸行比較時(shí),我們所使用尺度能提供“有效的”；或“公平的”比較。

9.單選題

Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheguard

B.onthewatch

C.onwatch

D.onalert

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)搭配不正確，應(yīng)為onguard“站崗，警惕，提防”；B選項(xiàng)onthewatch“留神，守候，注意”；C選項(xiàng)onwatch“值班，放哨，監(jiān)視”；D選項(xiàng)onalert“提防著，警惕著”。根據(jù)Thecustomsinspector（海關(guān)稽查員）與smugglers（走私者）可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：海關(guān)稽查員在密切關(guān)注著走私者。

10.單選題

Haveyoueverreceived（）ofwhathashappenedtoher?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theword

B.words

C.word

D.thewords

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)theword“這個(gè)詞；某個(gè)特定的詞或話”；B選項(xiàng)words“歌詞，臺(tái)詞，談話，言語”；C選項(xiàng)word“消息，音信，謠言，傳說”；D選項(xiàng)thewords“特指某些單詞”。句意：她發(fā)生了什么事情，你得到她的消息了嗎？因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thesecontinual（）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alterations

B.vibrations

C.waves

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。選項(xiàng)alteration“修改，改變；變更”；vibration“振動(dòng)；振蕩；顫抖”；wave“波浪；揮手示意”；fluctuation“起伏，浮動(dòng)；動(dòng)蕩；動(dòng)搖”。句意：溫度上的這些持續(xù)起伏讓人無法決定穿什么衣服。根據(jù)句中“makeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear讓人無法決定穿什么衣服”可知“起伏”符合語境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Agoodemployergiveshintstohisorheremployeeswithoutinterferingwiththeircreativity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.freedom

B.assistance

C.clues

D.funds

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.freedom自由B.assistance幫助

C.clues線索，提示D.funds基金

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)后文“不會(huì)影響創(chuàng)造力（creativity）”推斷，雇主的這個(gè)行為如果處理不當(dāng)會(huì)影響員工的創(chuàng)造力，原詞hint“暗示，提示”，因此C選項(xiàng)clues“線索，提示”與原詞意思最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)freedom“自由”，與創(chuàng)造力無關(guān)；

B選項(xiàng)assistance“幫助”，語義太寬泛，沒有C選項(xiàng)具體；

D選項(xiàng)funds“基金”，與創(chuàng)造力無關(guān)。

【句意】一個(gè)好的雇主會(huì)給他或她的員工一些暗示，而不會(huì)影響他們的創(chuàng)造力。

13.單選題

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials（文憑）thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.’’

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure（終身任期），promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”（Line1，Para.1）itaimsto_______.

2.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”（Lines4-5,Pare.1）theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas_______.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.

4.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges

B.studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”,可知問題是給學(xué)生們提供了太多的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域，也就是太多的專業(yè)課程可以選擇。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.”，這種教育涉及了很多專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，但是沒有內(nèi)容，技能沒有變成方法，而是成為一種目的，所以這種教育的角度是錯(cuò)誤的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”，可知美國大學(xué)當(dāng)前面臨危機(jī)的原因是越來越迎合狹隘的事業(yè)心，沒有培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的全球視野。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…yetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，可知他們認(rèn)為研究和出版是最重要的事。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”，可知教學(xué)生們基本知識(shí)，產(chǎn)生跨學(xué)科聯(lián)系，并且將知識(shí)應(yīng)用于學(xué)校之外的生活是他們承諾努力的方面。根據(jù)第二段第一句，“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，可知高素質(zhì)的教師和好的教學(xué)也是他們關(guān)注的方面。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstday-nurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheUnitedStates,theday-nurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitionsplants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingFirstWorldWar,（8）,FederalState,andlocalgovernmentbegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.

The（11）oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere（12）calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis（13）theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,（14）$6,000,000inJuly,1942,foranursery-schoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.Manystatesandlocalcommunities（15）thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared（16）inday-carecentersreceivingFederal（17）.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment（18）cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater（19）them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir（20）attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.latter

B.late

C.other

D.first

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.them

C.whose

D.whom

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.impetus

B.input

C.imitation

D.initiative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sources

B.abundance

C.shortage

D.reduction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hardly

B.entirely

C.only

D.even

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Because

B.As

C.Since

D.Although

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.unanimously

B.sharply

C.predominantly

D.militantly

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.consequently

C.however

D.moreover

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.in

C.at

D.about

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.formulating

B.patenting

C.labeling

D.licensing

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.outset

B.outbreak

C.breakthrough

D.breakdown

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.again

B.thus

C.repeatedly

D.yet

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.circumstance

B.occasion

C.case

D.situation

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.regulation

B.summoning

C.allocating

D.transferring

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.expanded

B.facilitated

C.supplemented

D.compensated

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.after

C.of

D.for

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.subsidies

C.revenues

D.budgets

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.prevalently

B.furiously

C.statistically

D.drastically

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.abolished

B.diminished

C.jeopardized

D.precluded

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.nurseries

B.homes

C.jobs

D.children

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)句意：美國第一家日托所建于1854年。日托所在各地普遍建立在19世紀(jì)的后期；其中大部分都是慈善事業(yè)。thelatterhalf為后半期，這當(dāng)中half只能和latter搭配，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)句意：美國第一家日托所建于1854年。日托所在各地普遍建立在19世紀(jì)的后期；其中大部分都是慈善事業(yè)。mostof后面要用人稱代詞，因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.考查語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)impetus“動(dòng)力、促進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)input“投入”；C選項(xiàng)imitation“仿造、仿制品”；D選項(xiàng)initiative“主動(dòng)權(quán)”。根據(jù)句意：在歐洲和美國，日間托兒所運(yùn)動(dòng)在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間受到了很大的促進(jìn)，當(dāng)時(shí)勞動(dòng)力短缺使得大量婦女就業(yè)。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.考查語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)sources“來源”；B選項(xiàng)abundance“豐富、充?！保籆選項(xiàng)shortage“短缺”；D選項(xiàng)reduction“減少”。根據(jù)句意：在歐洲和美國，日間托兒所運(yùn)動(dòng)在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間受到了很大的促進(jìn)，當(dāng)時(shí)勞動(dòng)力短缺使得大量婦女就業(yè)。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.考查語義關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意：在一些歐洲國家的政府直接倡導(dǎo)下，甚至在軍火工廠里也建立了日托所。Even符合題意，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.考查語篇關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意：盡管美國托兒所的數(shù)目急劇增長，但并未得到政府的任何資助。分析全句，這是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，故應(yīng)用連詞although，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.考查語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)unanimously“全體一致的”；B選項(xiàng)sharply“急劇地”；C選項(xiàng)predominantly“主要的、占主導(dǎo)地位的”；D選項(xiàng)militantly“好戰(zhàn)的、激進(jìn)的”。根據(jù)句意：盡管美國托兒所的數(shù)目急劇增長，但并未得到政府的任何資助。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有sharply“急劇地”合適，因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.考查語篇關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意：然而在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后的幾年中，聯(lián)邦政府和地方政府開始采取措施，主要通過規(guī)范化來管理托兒所。本句在語氣上是轉(zhuǎn)折的，要選副詞however，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.考查結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。control與over搭配，其他的選項(xiàng)語義不合題意。句意為：然而在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后的幾年中，聯(lián)邦政府和地方政府開始采取措施，主要通過規(guī)范化來管理托兒所。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.考查語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)formulating“規(guī)范”；B選項(xiàng)patenting“取得專利權(quán)”；C選項(xiàng)labeling“貼標(biāo)簽、標(biāo)記”；D選項(xiàng)licensing“許可、特許”。根據(jù)句意：主要通過規(guī)范化來管理托兒所。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

11.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)outset“開端、開始”；B選項(xiàng)outbreak“爆發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破”；D選項(xiàng)breakdown“崩潰、故障”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)。因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.考查語篇關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意：隨著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)，幾乎各國托兒所的數(shù)量都增長得很快，婦女又一次被號(hào)召在工廠中代替男人。與第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的情況相呼應(yīng)，所以填again。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

13.考查結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)名詞只有occasion可以與介詞on搭配，其意義也與句意相吻合，句意為：這次，美國政府立即支持保育員學(xué)校，于1942年7月?lián)芸?00萬美元。因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.考查語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)regulate“管制、調(diào)節(jié)”；B選項(xiàng)summon“召集、召喚”；C選項(xiàng)allocate“分派、分配”；D選項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移、調(diào)動(dòng)”。根據(jù)句意“撥款(allocate)600萬美元”。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

15.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expanded“膨脹、擴(kuò)充”；B選項(xiàng)facilitated“使容易、使便利”；C選項(xiàng)supplemented“補(bǔ)充”；D選項(xiàng)compensated“補(bǔ)償、償還”。根據(jù)句意：許多州和地方團(tuán)體對(duì)聯(lián)邦政府資助進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

16.考查固定搭配。動(dòng)詞care與介詞for搭配，表示照料的意思。句意為：一百多萬兒童在接受聯(lián)邦津貼的日托中心里受到照顧。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

17.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pensions“養(yǎng)老金、退休金”；B選項(xiàng)subsidies“補(bǔ)助金、津貼”；C選項(xiàng)revenues“收入、稅收”；D選項(xiàng)budgets“預(yù)算”。根據(jù)句意：一百多萬兒童在接受聯(lián)邦津貼的日托中心里受到照顧。因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

18.考查語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)prevalently“普遍地、流行地”；B選項(xiàng)furiously“狂暴地、猛烈地”；C選項(xiàng)statistically“統(tǒng)計(jì)上地”；D選項(xiàng)drastically“激烈地、徹底地”。句意為：聯(lián)邦政府大幅度地削減這項(xiàng)支出，并在后來將其廢止。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

19.考查語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)abolished“廢除”；B選項(xiàng)diminished“使減少、變小”；C選項(xiàng)jeopardized“危害”；D選項(xiàng)precluded“排除”。與前一句相呼應(yīng)，前面說“大幅度地削減”，后來自然是“廢止（abolished）”。句意為：聯(lián)邦政府大幅度地削減這項(xiàng)支出，并在后來將其廢止。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

20.考查語義關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意：然而，讓大多數(shù)被雇傭的母親離開她們的工作，這一愿望在戰(zhàn)后得到部分的實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

15.單選題

Lastyear,thegovernmentaskedtheUniversityofNottinghamtocarryoutresearchontheskillsofuniversitystudents.Thefindingsconfirmthedisquietofemployersatthelackofbasicskillstheyobserveinsomegraduates.Britishuniversitieshaveusuallyadmittedonlythebeststudents,soitissurprisingtoreadaboutthesefindings.

Theresearchshowedthatlessthanoneuniversitystudentinfiveachievesthelevelsexpectedofbright18-year-oldsinallthreeofthekeyskillsofcommunication,theapplicationofnumber,andinformationtechnology(IT).

Somehavearguedthattherearetwootherkeyskillareaswherestudentsmightbeexpectedtoshowsomeability-improvingtheirownlearning,andworkingwithothers.Ifweaddintheseskillareas,theresearchshowsthatonlyaboutadozenstudentsamongnearlytwohundredtestedacrosstenuniversitiesscoredtopmarks.

Notmanyuniversitiesfocusonthesegeneral,basicskills.Indeed,manyuniversitiesassumethattheirhighly-qualifiedifincomingstudentshavealltheseskills.Butaretheyrighttoassumethat?Iftheyarenot,thenuniversityeducatorsmayhavetostartpayingmoreattentiontodevelopingsuchskillsthantheyhaveinthepast.

Itisofcoursepossibletogetagooddegree,evenfromatopclassuniversity,andnotnecessarilyifhaveall-roundskillsnecessaryforoperatinginemploymentandeverydaysituations.SomegraduatesarenotgoodatIT;othershavedifficultyintheapplicationofnumberskills.Manyarepoorincommunicationskillsinspeech,orwriting,orboth.Forexample,manyemployersnotethatevenhighly-qualifiedgraduateshavedifficultyingivingaclearexplanationofsomethingtheyunderstandtoagroupofpeoplelistening.

Achievementoftheseskillsisnotnormallyrequiredinhighschool;however,onemightexpectsstudentstobebetterintheseskillsthantheyare.

TheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveyneedto-betreatedwithsomecare:thesamplewassmall,andweonlyassessedstudentswhocouldbepresentatcertaintimesoftheday;wewerenotabletoassesseveryaspectofeveryskill.(Butevenifwedoubledthenumberofstudentstestedwhoachievedlevel3onourtests-justbelowtheminimumlevelrequiredbyemployerstwothirdsoffirstyearstudentswouldnotnutachievetheseminimumlevels.

Eachofthestudentstookpartinatwo-and-a-halfhourassessmentsession.Duringthissessiontheycompletedpencilandpapertests.Theyalsodidagroupexerciseandpresentation,duringwhichtheyhadtoworkwithothers,andtheneachinturnpresentanoralreport.Inaddition,theywereaskedtocompleteaself-reportquestionnairecoveringtheirknowledgeandexperienceofIT.

Manywouldarguethatbeingbrilliantinanyoneortwooftheseskillsisnotenough,studentsshouldreallyhaveanall-roundabilityinalltheseskillareas.Thestoryismuchlessencouragingwhenwelookatsuccessinacombinationofskills.Onlyaboutfivepercentofthosesampledachievedacceptablelevelsinallfiveskillareas.

Thefactisthatuniversitycoursesvaryagreatdeal.Insomeinstances,theyallowstudentstodoverywellatcertainthingsthatarehighlyvaluedwithintheiracademicfielD.However,thesequalitiesmaynottransfereasilytoothersituations.Manyemployersgotoparticularinstitutions,andparticulardegreesubjectshopingtofindthekindofgraduatetheywant.Thegovernmentisnowconsideringwaysinwhichtrainingintheseskillscanbebuiltintoeverydegreeprogrammedoffered.

Thismaystrikefearintotheheartsofmanyuniversitylecturers,whoarealreadyhavingtocopewithmuchgreaterdemandsontheirteachingandresearchskills.However,thereisreasontobelievethatsomeinstitutionsarealreadydealingwiththeproblem,andwithsomesuccess.Forexample,theUniversityofLoughborough(nearNottingham)hasanexcellentprogrammeinstudyandITskills,andtheUniversitychecksonstudents'skillsastheyproceedthroughtheircourses.Theseuniversitiesnowrealizethatbasicskillsnotonlyhelptheirstudentstolearnmoreeffectively,theyalsomakethemmoreemployableoncetheyhavelefttheuniversity.

1.Whatarethebasicskillsoftheuniversitygraduates?

2.Somearguedthatotherbasicskillslike（）arealsoexpected.

3.Usually,achievementofthesebasicskillsisnotnormallyrequiredin（）.

4.WhyshouldtheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveybetreatedwithsomecare?

5.Howmuchpercentofthesampledachievedacceptablelevelinallfiveskillsareasaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Communication

B.Applicationofnumber

C.Informationtechnology

D.Alloftheabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytoimprovetheirownlearning

B.theabilitytomakeindependentdecision

C.theabilitytoexplainsomethingclearly

D.theabilityofpassingpapertests

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.colleges

B.highschools

C.communication

D.graduate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesurveyisnotaccurate

B.Thesurveyisnotacceptedbythepublic

C.Mostofthestudentsaretopstudentsintheuniversity

D.Thesurveyonlyassessedasmallpartofthestudents.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.6%

B.5%

C.30%

D.44%

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞basicskills可以定位到文章第中“Theresearchshowedthatlessthanoneuniversitystudentinfiveachievesthelevelsexpectedofbright18-year-oldsinallthreeofthekeyskillsofcommunication,theapplicationofnumber,andinformationtechnology(IT).”中文翻譯為：研究表明，在溝通、應(yīng)用數(shù)字和信息技術(shù)這三項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技能方面，只有不到五分之一的大學(xué)生達(dá)到了18歲聰明學(xué)生的期望水平?？梢缘弥@三項(xiàng)都是大學(xué)生的基本技能。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“Somehavearguedthattherearetwootherkeyskillareaswherestudentsmightbeexpectedtoshowsomeability_improvingtheirownlearning,andworkingwithothers.”中文翻譯為：―些人認(rèn)為，在其他兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵技能領(lǐng)域中，學(xué)生可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)出一定的能力,提高自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力，以及與他人合作?？梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Achievementoftheseskillsisnotnormallyrequiredinhighschool”中文翻譯為：高中通常不要求取得這些技能。以及“however,onemightexpectsstudentstobebetterintheseskillsthantheyare.”，中文翻譯為：然而，人們可能會(huì)期望學(xué)生在這些技能上比他們更好?？梢缘弥狟選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“betreatedwithsomecare”可以定位到文章中“TheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveyneedtobetreatedwithsomecare:thesamplewassmall,andweonlyassessedstudentswhocouldbepresentatcertaintimesoftheday;wewerenotabletoassesseveryaspectofeveryskill.”中文翻譯為：諾丁漢大學(xué)的調(diào)查結(jié)果需要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待：樣本很小，我們只對(duì)一天中可能出現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)間的學(xué)生進(jìn)行評(píng)估；我們無法評(píng)估每項(xiàng)技能的每個(gè)方面。可以得知D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞achievedacceptablelevel可以定位到文章中“Onlyaboutfivepercentofthosesampledachievedacceptablelevelsinallfiveskillareas”中文翻譯為：在所有五個(gè)技能領(lǐng)域中，只有大約5%的樣本達(dá)到了可接受的水平。可以得知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

The（

）ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advert

B.adverse

C.advent

D.advise

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)advert作名詞表示“廣告，宣傳”，作不及物動(dòng)詞表示“引起注意，提到”；B選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的，有害的”是形容詞；C選項(xiàng)advent“（重要事件、人物、發(fā)明等的）出現(xiàn)，到來”是名詞；D選項(xiàng)advise“勸告，忠告，建議”是動(dòng)詞。由“the+名詞+of”及句意可知選C。句意：電子計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)為科學(xué)家們開辟了新的數(shù)據(jù)分析方法。

17.單選題

Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.TodayAmericansliveinaworldofdiversefamilypatternsandconflictingimagesofideallifestylesformenandwomen.Theconventionalnormsofthefirsthalfcenturydefinedasuccessfulwomanasawifeandmotherwhostayedhometocarryoutafullarrayofhouseholdduties.Thehusbandandfatherwasexpectedtostayawayfromthehomemostoftheday,earningenoughmoneytopaythebills.Manyadultsstilllivebytheseexpectations,butthetraditionalpatternisnolongerheldupasanidealtobefollowedbyeveryone.Timeshavechanged;thereisnoreturntoyesterday.

Althoughthewomen’smovementandpoliticalcontroversiesaboutsuchissuesandtheEqualRightsAmendmentandsexualharassmentsuggestthatchangingsexrolesisarecentissue,thisisfarfromthecase.Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.In1910thebirthratewas30per1,000population;bythe1900sithaddeclinedto16per1,000.Thesetwotrends—increasingparticipationinthelaborforceanddecreasing