書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-咸陽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Onestudyfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactsare（

）asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.referred

B.perceived

C.recommended

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。referred提到，關(guān)系到；perceived感覺，認(rèn)為；recommended推薦，勸告；presumed以為，假定。句意：一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，眼神接觸多的求職者會(huì)被視為更有警覺、獨(dú)立、自信和有責(zé)任心。B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

2.單選題

Thereareplanstogiveeveryone（）insurance,allowleavefromworkforanyonewithasickchildorelderlyrelativetolookafter,andenforceaseven-daywaitforanyonewantingtobuyahandgun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affordedhealthy

B.affordablehealth

C.affordedhealth

D.affordablehealthy

【答案】B

【解析】語法和固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前的give可知空格中應(yīng)該填入形容詞。afforded是動(dòng)詞afford的過去式和過去分詞，所以排除A和C項(xiàng)。affordable“買得起的”，health“健康”，healthy“健康的”。句意：有計(jì)劃給予每個(gè)人買得起的健康保險(xiǎn)。healthinsurance“健康保險(xiǎn)”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Onthestagemanypiecesofbluesilkwerefluctuatedto（

）theseawaves.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simplify

B.simulate

C.help

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。simplify“簡化”；simulate“模仿；假裝”；help“幫助”；like“喜歡”。句意：舞臺(tái)上用了很多上下飄動(dòng)的藍(lán)色絲綢來模仿海浪。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.

ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.

TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”

1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea（）area.

2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself（）.

3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs（）.

4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commercial

B.rich

C.poor

D.distant

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.oddly

B.toughly

C.remarkably

D.badly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofcleaning,washingandironing

B.whicharenotregularorfixed

C.whichonecanmakeextramoneywith

D.withhousework

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryservice

B.leavingaworldofdiscipline

C.leavingthecityandhismother

D.fightingwithtoughguys

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.

B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.

C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.

D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他們會(huì)為一枚掉在地上的硬幣瘋狂地打斗,他們會(huì)去偷想要的東西。由此可以推斷,這個(gè)地區(qū)很貧窮,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸運(yùn),在聽從了母親的建議后,我離開了這座城市,進(jìn)入了一個(gè)有紀(jì)律的世界。根據(jù)“discipline”可推測,作者以前的表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是badly,選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母親做的工作。再根據(jù)第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者覺得幸運(yùn)的經(jīng)歷是在部隊(duì)服役的三年經(jīng)歷。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)A和D正確;根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知選項(xiàng)C也正確;所以本題選B。

5.單選題

Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor（）acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blatant

B.surreptitious

C.suspicious

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。blatant“喧囂的，炫耀的”；surreptitious“秘密的”；suspicious“可疑的”；conspicuous“顯而易見的”。句意：毫無疑問，不誠實(shí)或秘密獲取的信息通常是壓倒性的證據(jù)，表明這種信息是機(jī)密的，不屬于辯護(hù)人員技能和知識(shí)的一部分。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustypes.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenter,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.

SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity,overtheguiltofthesteed-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere?Weasksoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatitis?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafewhetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafeinwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.

“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty”，saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It'sthedangersparentscan’tandmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultlineformorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.

1.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?

2.WhatresponsedidUASToday’sreportdraw?

3.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts'studies?

4.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics'?

5.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren'shealthinBerkeley.

B.Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.

C.TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.

D.ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Aheateddebate.

B.Popularsupport.

C.Widespreadpanic.

D.Strongcriticism.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.

B.Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.

C.Theydidn'tknowwhotobelieve.

D.Theyweren'tconvincedoftheresults.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.

B.Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.

C.Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren'shealthhazards.

D.Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theuncertain

B.thequantifiable

C.anearthquake

D.unhealthyfood

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.（因此，你可以想象，最近《今日美國》對全國學(xué)校周圍空氣質(zhì)量的調(diào)查，將加利福尼亞州的伯克利綠色村莊也列為全國空氣質(zhì)量狀況最差的地區(qū)之中）可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段第一句中SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity（自去年12月該報(bào)告發(fā)布以來，市長、社區(qū)積極分子和各種家長教師協(xié)會(huì)就該報(bào)告的有效性展開了激烈的討論）可知選A。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?（由于各方都提出了一些支持各自觀點(diǎn)的專家，但這些專家的科學(xué)研究是相互矛盾的，家長應(yīng)該相信誰？）以及后面的一連串提問，可知父母對這些觀點(diǎn)感到困惑，不知道該相信誰，因此選C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.（《兒科雜志》2004年的一份報(bào)告解釋說，神經(jīng)緊張的父母對火災(zāi)、車禍和溺水的恐懼比有毒化學(xué)暴露更多）可推測父母對日常容易遇到的事故更擔(dān)心，因此選B。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty...It'sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.（無法避免這種不確定性……這是父母無法——也可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)量化突然發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)）可推測作者認(rèn)為父母最大的恐懼來源于不確定性，因此選A。

7.單選題

Beforeitcouldberesolvedthroughanewcentralizationofdynasticpowerunderanewmandate,theintellectualcrisisoftheConfucianbeliefsbroughtonbytheimpactoftheWestunderminedthesocialorderitself,whichwasmademorevulnerablebythe（）ofitspoliticalinstitutions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.functional

B.malpractice

C.integration

D.disintegration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞以及形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)functional“功能的”；B選項(xiàng)malpractice“玩忽職守”；C選項(xiàng)integration“集成，綜合”；D選項(xiàng)disintegration“瓦解，崩潰”。題干說到，西方?jīng)_擊了孔子思想指示破壞了秩序的本事，可推測空中應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表示壞結(jié)果的詞，A，C可排除。B選項(xiàng)在不符合題意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通過新的王朝權(quán)力集中來解決之前，西方影響所帶來的儒家信仰的知識(shí)危機(jī)破壞了社會(huì)秩序本身，它因其政治機(jī)構(gòu)的……而變得更加脆弱。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Calculationswhichareastronomicallyexacthavebeenmade______withtheuseofcomputers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.itpossible

C.possibly

D.tobepossible

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查句子成分。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)的使用使天文學(xué)上精確的計(jì)算成為可能。句子主干是Calculationshavebeenmade______，根據(jù)短語makesth.+adj.還原短語為madecalculations+adj.，確定橫線處填形容詞作calculations的賓補(bǔ)，A選項(xiàng)possible符合題意。B選項(xiàng)itpossible中it多余，C選項(xiàng)possibly是副詞，D選項(xiàng)tobepossible是不定式。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thesesampleshavetobe（）incertainkindofchemicalwaterinordertoprotectthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.immersed

B.crisped

C.armored

D.arrayed

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Immerse浸沒,陷入；crisp變脆,卷曲；armor為……穿盔甲；為……提供防御；array部署，排列。句意:這些樣品必須在某種化學(xué)水中。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Allcultureshavesomesystemofmeasuringduration,orkeepingtime,butinwesternindustrializedsocieties,wekeeptrackoftimeinwhatseemstootherpeoplesalmostanobsessivefashion.Weviewtimeasmotiononaspace,akindoflinearprogressionmeasuredbytheclockandthecalendar.Thisperceptioncontributestooursenseofhistoryandthekeepingofrecords,whicharetypicalaspectsofwesterncultures.

Althoughourperceptionsoftimeseemnaturaltous,wemustnotassumethatotherculturesoperateonthesametimesystem.Forinstance,whyshouldweassumethataHopiraisedintheHopiculturewouldhavethesameintuitionsabouttimethatwehave?InHopihistory,ifrecordshadbeenwritten,wewouldfindadifferentsetofculturalandenvironmentalinfluencesworkingtogether.TheHopipeopleareapeacefulagriculturalsocietyisolatedbygeographicfeatureandnomadenemiesinalandoflittlerainfall.Theiragricultureissuccessfulonlybythegreatestperseverance.Extensivepreparationsareneededtoensurecropgrowth.ThustheHopivaluepersistenceandrepetitioninactivity.Theyhaveasenseofthecumulativevalueofnumerous,small,repeatedmovements,fortothemsuchmovementsarenotwastedbutarestoreduptomakechangesinlaterevents.TheHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotion,asasmoothflowinglineonwhicheverythingintheuniverseproceedsatanequalrateawayfromapast,throughapresent,intoaforeseeablefuture.

LongandcarefulstudyoftheHopilanguagehasrevealedthatitcontainsnowords,grammaticalforms,constructions,orexpressionsthatrefertowhatwecalltime—thepast,present,orfuture—ortothedurationorlastingaspectoftime.TotheHopi,“time”isa“gettinglater”ofeverythingthathasbeendone,sothatpastandpresentmergetogether.TheHopidonotspeak,aswedoinEnglish?Ofa“newday”or“anotherday”comingeverytwenty-fourhours;amongtheHopi,thereturnofthedayislikethereturnofaperson,alittleolderbutwithallthecharacteristicsofyesterday.ThisHopiconception,withitsemphasisontherepetitiveaspectoftimeratherthanitsonwardflow,maybeclearlyseenintheirritualdancesforrainandgoodcrops,inwhichthebasicstepisashort,quickstampingofthefootrepeatedthousandsoftimes,hourafterhour.

Ofcourse,theAmericanconceptionoftimeissignificantlydifferentfromthatoftheHopi.Americans’understandingoftimeistypicalofWesternculturesingeneralandindustrializedsocietiesinparticular.Americansviewtimeasacommodity,asa“thing”thatcanbesaved,spent,orwasted.Webudgetourtimeaswebudgetourmoney.Weevensay,“Timeismoney”.WeareconcernedinAmericawithbeing“ontime”;wedon’tliketo“waste”timebywaitingforsomeonewhoislateorbyrepeatinginformation;andweliketo“spend”timewiselybykeepingbusy.ThesestatementsallsoundnaturaltoaNorthAmerican.Infact,wethink,howcoulditbeotherwise?Itisdifficultforusnottobeirritatedbytheapparentcarelessnessabouttimeinothercultures.Forexample,individualsinothercountriesfrequentlyturnupanhourormorelateforanappointment—although“beinglate”isatleastwithinourculturalframework.Forinstance,howcanwebegintoentertheculturalworldoftheSioux,inwhichthereisnowordfor“l(fā)ate”or“waiting”.Ofcourse,thefactisthatwehavenothadtoentertheSiouxculture;theSiouxhavehadtoenterours.Itisonlywhenweparticipateinotherculturesontheirtermsthatwecanbegintoseetheculturalpatterningoftime.

1.Fromthepassage,theHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotionbecause（

）.

2.WhatistheHopi’sconceptionoftime?

3.Theconceptoftimeasacommodityinthelastparagraphmeansthat（

）.

4.IfyouweretovisitaSiouxfestival,itwouldprobablybenecessarythat（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingviewsseemsmostoppositetotheWesternperceptionoftime?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirwayoflivingdependsgreatlyonperseveranceandrepetition

B.theythinkitnecessarytoinventtheirownperceptionoftime

C.theirlanguagedoesnotcontainwordsreferringtomotion

D.theythinkeverythingshouldproceedinalinearway

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Repeatingfootstepsisthewaytheycounttime.

B.Thelinebetweenpastandpresentisclear.

C.Whenapersonreturns,thedayreturns.

D.Todayistherepetitionofyesterday.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.timecanbeusedandspentlikeconsumergoods

B.peoplewhoworklonghourswillbepaidhandsomely

C.peoplecanbuytimejustliketheybuyaproduct

D.timeisconsideredpricelessthatpeoplecan’tafford

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.youcallinadvanceifyouaregoingtobelate

B.youarrangefortransportationwellinadvance

C.youhaveadelayedscheduleofalltheactivities

D.youhaveanexactscheduleofthevariousevents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Makeahaywhilethesunshines.

B.Procrastinationisnecessary.

C.Punctualityisthesoulofbusiness.

D.Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)二三句可知，霍皮族人重視活動(dòng)中的持久性和重復(fù)。他們對無數(shù)的、小的、重復(fù)的動(dòng)作的累積價(jià)值有一種感覺，因?yàn)閷λ麄儊碚f，這些動(dòng)作不是浪費(fèi)，而是儲(chǔ)存起來，以便在以后的事件中做出改變。所以霍皮族人對運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間沒有什么直覺，是因?yàn)樗麄兊纳罘绞皆诤艽蟪潭壬弦蕾囉谝懔椭貜?fù)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，對霍皮人來說，“時(shí)間”是所有已經(jīng)做過的事情的“以后”，這樣過去和現(xiàn)在就會(huì)融合在一起。霍皮人的這一觀念強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的重復(fù)性，而不是時(shí)間的繼續(xù)流動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的三四句“Americansviewtimeasacommodity,asa“thing”thatcanbesaved,spent,orwasted.Webudgetourtimeaswebudgetourmoney.”美國人認(rèn)為時(shí)間是一種商品，是一種可以節(jié)省、花費(fèi)或浪費(fèi)的“東西”。我們預(yù)算時(shí)間就像我們預(yù)算金錢一樣。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段“Sioux,inwhichthereisnowordfor“l(fā)ate”or“waiting”.”蘇族人的文化世界里沒有“遲到”或“等候”這些詞，所以如果要去參加蘇族人的節(jié)日，你可能有必要把所有的活動(dòng)都推遲，選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，美國人對時(shí)間的理解是西方文化的典型特征，他們認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢，所以選項(xiàng)B與之觀念相反。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

11.單選題

（

）shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.Itwaswhile

C.Soonafter

D.Duringthetimewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.

Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens’commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.

Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsofhardwork:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.

Couldthe“dependencyculture”currentlyexcercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thegenerosityofwhatthereportterms“encompassing”states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.

Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain’slittlebenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.

6.“Work-shycitizens”inthelastsentenceofparagraph1probablyreferstopeoplewhoare（）.

7.Fromparagraph2,welearnthat（）.

8.Britonsareunmotivatedintheirworkmainlydueto（）.

9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompetentfortheirwork

B.ashamedoftheirwork

C.unwillingtodotheirwork

D.irresponsiblefortheirwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Britons’averagewageisthelowestinEurope

B.Britonsrelyheavilyongovernmentwelfares

C.Britonspreferleisuretowork

D.Britonsarenotenthusiasticinwork

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.weakworkethic

B.insufficientworkskills

C.lazylifestyle

D.defectivewelfaresystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericansareprobablylessinterestedintheirworkthanBritons.

B.NorwegiansexceedBritonsinprofessionaleducation.

C.PeopleinNordiccountriesaremorecommittedtotheirworkthanGermans.

D.Thewelfareof“encompassing”statesmightbebetterthanthatof“corporatist”states.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AttitudetoWork:DiligentorIdle?

B.AttitudetoWork:Can’torWon’t?

C.WelfareSystem:StimulatororInhibitor?

D.WelfareSystem:MoreGenerousorMoreReasonable?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：第一段最后一句中的“work-shycitizens”可能指的是_________的人。通過關(guān)鍵詞“work-shycitizens”可以定位到第一段最后一句話前后內(nèi)容Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.（如果現(xiàn)實(shí)中的人也一樣如此，那么大量的失業(yè)福利應(yīng)該在那些不愿工作的公民身上找到。），可知C選項(xiàng)“不愿去做他們的工作”符合題意。選項(xiàng)A“無法勝任他們的工作”，B選項(xiàng)“對自己的工作感到羞愧”，D選項(xiàng)“對他們的工作不負(fù)責(zé)任”。根據(jù)“失業(yè)福利”這個(gè)單詞可知，Work-shycitizens指的是不愿工作而導(dǎo)致失業(yè)的人，所以A，B，D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：從第2段，我們可以學(xué)習(xí)到_______。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.（一個(gè)國家越慷慨，其人民就越熱衷于工作。英國人緊隨美國人之后，福利最微薄，他們對工作最不感興趣。）可知，D選項(xiàng)“英國人對工作沒有熱情”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“英國人的平均工資是歐洲最低的”，文章表達(dá)的英國福利最差，并不是說平均工資最低，屬于概念混淆，所以A選項(xiàng)不正確。B選項(xiàng)“英國人嚴(yán)重依賴政府福利”，英國人享受的福利是最差的，所以B選項(xiàng)的表述也不正確。C選項(xiàng)“比起工作，英國人更喜歡休閑”，文中并沒有提及英國人喜歡休閑，屬于無中生有，所以C選項(xiàng)也不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：英國人在工作中缺乏積極性主要是因?yàn)開________。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句話Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.（其原因之一可能是英國勞動(dòng)力的技能的構(gòu)成。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，符合邏輯的是，專業(yè)人士和大學(xué)畢業(yè)生對工作的態(tài)度比無技能和沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人更積極。），所以B選項(xiàng)“工作技能不足”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“薄弱的職業(yè)道德”，C選項(xiàng)“懶惰的生活方式”，D選項(xiàng)“有缺陷的福利系統(tǒng)”，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在此處并沒有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出來？A選項(xiàng)“美國人對工作的興趣可能不如英國人”，通過文章第二段最后一句話Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.（一個(gè)國家越慷慨，其人民就越熱衷于工作。英國人緊隨美國人之后，福利最微薄，他們對工作最不感興趣。），可知，美國人的福利待遇比英國好，所以美國人比英國人更加熱愛工作，A選項(xiàng)不正確。通過文章第三段FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.（擁有專業(yè)工作或?qū)W位的英國人少于挪威人（挪威人在工作承諾方面排名第一）），可知，B選項(xiàng)“挪威的職業(yè)教育超過了英國”，符合題意。通過文章第五段第二句話“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.（像德國這樣的“社團(tuán)主義”國家會(huì)給那些工齡較長的人更好的福利，他們可能通過這樣的制約性來鼓勵(lì)積極的工作態(tài)度。），所以德國人會(huì)更加投入工作，可推斷出C選項(xiàng)“北歐國家的人比德國人對工作更投入”和D選項(xiàng)“包容國家的福利可能比社團(tuán)主義國家更好”均不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：下列哪一個(gè)是文章的最好的標(biāo)題？文章第一段就指出，工作的目的就是獲得報(bào)酬。第二段以英國人為例，說明人們對工作的積極性和國家的慷慨程度和福利有關(guān)。第三段指出英國人對工作不熱情的另一個(gè)原因是缺乏技能。第四段指出每個(gè)國家對工作態(tài)度不同的原因有很多種，強(qiáng)烈的職業(yè)道德也是原因之一。第五段以德國的例子說明工作的動(dòng)力還會(huì)受到福利體制的特點(diǎn)影響。文章主要說的是人的工作態(tài)度是積極的還是消極的受到方方面面的因素影響，所以本題選B選項(xiàng)“工作態(tài)度：不能還是不愿意？”正確。A選項(xiàng)“工作態(tài)度：勤奮還是懶惰?”對主旨的概括不夠貼切，C、D選項(xiàng)都在說福利待遇，不能全面概括文章內(nèi)容。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Mamapracticed______bydressingthekidsinhand-me-downsratherthaninnewclothes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avarice

B.thrift

C.benevolence

D.luxury

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)avarice表示“貪婪，貪財(cái)”，B項(xiàng)thrift表示“節(jié)儉，節(jié)約”，C項(xiàng)benevolence表示“仁慈，善行”，D項(xiàng)luxury表示“奢侈，奢華，奢侈品”。根據(jù)dressingthekidsinhand-me–downs（給孩子們穿舊衣服）可知，“節(jié)儉”符合語境。句意：媽媽節(jié)儉，給孩子們穿舊衣服，而不是新衣服。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

OnMay3,1989,committalproceedingsbeganinrespectofsixofficerswhowerechargedwithconspiracyto（）thecourseofjustice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pervert

B.perturb

C.prevent

D.profane

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pervert“使墮落，濫用”；perturb“擾亂，使不安”；prevent“預(yù)防，阻止”；profane“褻瀆，玷污”。句意：1989年5月3日，拘押進(jìn)程開始于六名官員，他們被控告共謀擾亂司法公正。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

130yearslater,thissinglewallstillstandshereinmute（

）totheRevolutionofParisCommunein1873.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.testimony

B.memory

C.tribute

D.evidence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。testimony“證詞；證據(jù)”;memory“記憶；內(nèi)存”；tribute“致敬；悼念”；evidence“證據(jù)；證明”。句意：130年后，這面墻仍然站在那里默默見證1873年的巴黎公社革命。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Cannedfoodsare______withhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usual

B.welcome

C.desirable

D.popular

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)usual“尋常的，通常的”，B項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎的”，C項(xiàng)desirable“令人滿意的”，D項(xiàng)popular“流行的，通俗的”。根據(jù)句子可知，bepopularwith固定搭配，表示“為……所喜歡，受……歡迎”，故D項(xiàng)符合。句意：罐頭食品很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因?yàn)樗枰苌俚臅r(shí)間來烹飪。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意為“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原來只是一個(gè)小型家庭聚會(huì)，我們沒必要打扮得這么正式。

18.翻譯題

Thereisnothingwrong,ofcourse,withacountry’squestioningitsdirectionandwantingtopreservemanyofitstraditionalvalues.Moreover,Japanisn’tlikelytoreverttothecollusive(詭秘的)andanticompetitivepoliciesofthepast.Thereformprocesshasgonetoofar,andcorporatebehaviorhaschangedtoodramatically.Butgiventhemagnitude(巨大)ofthefiscalandfinancialchallengesahead,evenaslightslowingofthegovernment’sderegulatoryeffortsandprivate-sectorrestructuringcouldcreateaneventualdisaster.Now’snotthetimeforJapantorestonitslaurels.

【答案】【參考譯文】當(dāng)然，一個(gè)國家質(zhì)疑自己的方向，并希望保留許多傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀，這并沒有錯(cuò)。此外，日本不太可能恢復(fù)到共謀的(詭秘的)和反競爭政策的過去。改革進(jìn)程走得太遠(yuǎn)，企業(yè)行為發(fā)生了太大變化。但是考慮到大小(巨大)的財(cái)政和金融挑戰(zhàn)，甚至略有放緩政府放松管制的努力和私營部門的重組可以創(chuàng)建最終的災(zāi)難。現(xiàn)在不是日本安于現(xiàn)狀的時(shí)候。

19.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnoteasilybreakable.

B.Itrepresentsthelateststyle.

C.Itcamefroma3Dprinter.

D.Itwasmadebyafashiondesigner.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whensheattendedafashionshowninemonthsago.

B.Whenshewasstudyingatafashiondesignschool.

C.Whenshehadjustgraduatedfromhercollege.

D.WhensheattendedaconferenceinNewYork.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwashardandbreakable.

B.Itwasextremelyexpensive.

C.Itwasdifficulttoprint.

D.Itwashardtocomeby.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisthelatestmodelofa3Dprinter.

B.Itisaplasticwidelyusedin3Dprinting.

C.Itmarksabreakthroughinpri