LOGO初中英語主謂一致和就近原則講解及練習Documentnumber【980KGB-6898YT-769T8CB-246UT-18GG08】主謂一致（就近、就遠原則）就近原則：也稱“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”（Proximity）,即：謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時不一定是主語）在“人稱、數”上一致。在正式文體中：由下列詞語連接的并列主語："therebe+句型；or;either…。匸；nor;neither???nor；whether???or；not?ut;notonly???butalso";等。e.g.Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行為或言談都與我無關。NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都沒錯。Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你父親該受責備。Notonlyyoubut（also）heiswrong.不僅你錯了，他也錯了。在倒裝句中：謂語可與后面第一個主語一致。e.g.Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在遠處,能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。Thereis（are）apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。II.非正式文體中：有時依“就近一致原則”,但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere（意義一致）我和他當時都不在那兒。（非正式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項原則相矛盾時，則常常認為是不太合符規范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。(依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語法上，“Noone”才是主語，謂語要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“語法一致”原則。英語就近原則短語Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就遠原則謂語動詞與前面主語一致代表詞匯：aswellas；(together/along)with；ratherthan；except；besides；but；including；inadditionto；apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主謂一致單項填空專練主謂一致是歷年中考熱點之一,一般說來,句子的主語和謂語在人稱與數上應保持一致,但在很多情況下存在一些特殊情況,這些特殊情況就是重要考點。本文以往年高考試題為例,對此考點作以歸納。一、當主語后面與with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,besides,including等+名詞或代詞連用時，謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbeAlibrarywithfivethousandbookstothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedE-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.playNobodybutJanethesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownAllbutoneherejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were二、當either...or...;neither...nor...;notonly...butalso...等連接并列主語時,謂語動詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。Eitheryouortheheadmastertheprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandoutNotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMarytiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、當“theonlyoneof+復數名詞+定語從句"，且關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數形式;當“oneof+復數名詞+定語從句”，且關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用復數形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenSheisoneofthefewgirlswhointhekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、當news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是復數概念，而在意義上是單數概念的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。Everypossiblemeanstopreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused五、當分數（百分數）+of+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數取決于of后面名詞的數。ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof...（的數目）短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式；當anumberof...（許多）短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were；wasB.was；wasC.was；wereD.were；were七、當“疑問詞+不定式”結構作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數形式。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.