LOGO初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致和就近原則講解及練習(xí)Documentnumber【980KGB-6898YT-769T8CB-246UT-18GG08】主謂一致（就近、就遠(yuǎn)原則）就近原則：也稱(chēng)“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”（Proximity）,即：謂語(yǔ)與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時(shí)不一定是主語(yǔ)）在“人稱(chēng)、數(shù)”上一致。在正式文體中：由下列詞語(yǔ)連接的并列主語(yǔ)："therebe+句型；or;either…。匸；nor;neither???nor；whether???or；not?ut;notonly???butalso";等。e.g.Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行為或言談都與我無(wú)關(guān)。NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你父親該受責(zé)備。Notonlyyoubut（also）heiswrong.不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了。在倒裝句中：謂語(yǔ)可與后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。e.g.Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在遠(yuǎn)處,能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。Thereis（are）apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書(shū)。II.非正式文體中：有時(shí)依“就近一致原則”,但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語(yǔ)法一致原則”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere（意義一致）我和他當(dāng)時(shí)都不在那兒。（非正式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時(shí)，則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見(jiàn)。(依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語(yǔ)法上，“Noone”才是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要改成“agrees”。“寫(xiě)作中”一般要依“語(yǔ)法一致”原則。英語(yǔ)就近原則短語(yǔ)Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面主語(yǔ)一致代表詞匯：aswellas；(together/along)with；ratherthan；except；besides；but；including；inadditionto；apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主謂一致單項(xiàng)填空專(zhuān)練主謂一致是歷年中考熱點(diǎn)之一,一般說(shuō)來(lái),句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致,但在很多情況下存在一些特殊情況,這些特殊情況就是重要考點(diǎn)。本文以往年高考試題為例,對(duì)此考點(diǎn)作以歸納。一、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面與with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,besides,including等+名詞或代詞連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbeAlibrarywithfivethousandbookstothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedE-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.playNobodybutJanethesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownAllbutoneherejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were二、當(dāng)either...or...;neither...nor...;notonly...butalso...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Eitheryouortheheadmastertheprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandoutNotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMarytiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、當(dāng)“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句"，且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenSheisoneofthefewgirlswhointhekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、當(dāng)news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)概念，而在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Everypossiblemeanstopreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后面名詞的數(shù)。ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof...（的數(shù)目）短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)anumberof...（許多）短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were；wasB.was；wasC.was；wereD.were；were七、當(dāng)“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.